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Agilent PNA Microwave Network Analyzers Application Note 1408-9 Amplifier and CW Swept Intermodulation- Distortion Measurements Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Intermodulation-Distortion Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Hardware Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Test Methodology Alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Technique A. Four Channels, Basic Calibration, CW IMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Technique A. Four Channels, Basic Calibration, Swept IMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Technique B. One Channel, Basic Calibration, CW IMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Technique B1. One Channel, Segmented Sweep, Basic Calibration, CW IMD . . . . . . . . . 29 Technique B2. One Channel, Linear Sweep, Basic Calibration, CW IMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Technique C. Four Channels Scalar-Mixer Calibration, CW IMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Note: The step-by-step procedures in this application note were written for PNA (836xA/B) and PNA-L (N5230A) network analyzers with firmware revision A.04.06. If you have a PNA or PNA-L with a different firmware revision, the step-by-step procedures or screenshots may vary. The concepts and general guidelines still apply. Introduction This application note covers testing of an amplifier's intermodulation distortion products using Agilent's microwave (MW) PNA Series of vector network analyzers. The MW PNA Series can also be used for testing amplifier linear parameters, gain compression, and harmonics. Agilent Application Notes 1408-7 and 1408-8 cover the topics of linear testing, gain compression, and harmonics respectively. Amplifiers are a fundamental building block of microwave systems, and characterizing the