HP an 1287-2 free download

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Exploring the Architectures of Network Analyzers Application Note 1287-2 Table of Contents Page Introduction 2 Network Analyzer Architecture 2 Coupling Signals 3 Directional Bridges 6 Network Analyzer Detection 6 Comparing Dynamic Range 8 The Spectrum Analyzer Alternative 9 The Test Set 9 Other Considerations 10 2 Introduction Network analyzers have become one of the most important measurement tools for characterizing the performance of high-frequency components and devices. A modern vector network analyzer can measure a component's magnitude, phase, and group delay, show port impedances on a Smith chart, and, with time-domain capability, show the distance from a test port to an impedance mismatch or circuit fault. Understanding a network analyzer's capabilities and operation can help an operator derive optimum performance from the instrument. Hewlett-Packard Company offers an extensive line of RF and microwave network analyzers for applications from DC to 110 GHz. These analyzers are available with a variety of test sets and calibration kits and can be equipped with such options as time-domain capability for making distance-to-fault evaluations in transmission lines. The company also supplies linear and nonlinear computer-aided-engineering (CAE) software tools such as the HP EEsof Microwave Design System (MDS) and Series IV Suite, useful in creating device and component models based on vector network analyzer measurements. Network Analyzer Network analyzers differ in form and function from another tool Architecture commonly used to characterize communications systems and components, the spectrum analyzer (Figure 1). Spectrum analyzers measure unknown external signals. In contrast, network analyzers utilize synthesized- frequency sources to provide a known test stimulus that can sweep a