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PAMS Technical Documentation NSW-4 Series Transceivers

System Module SE2L

Issue 1 08/00

E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

NSW-4 System Module SE2L

PAMS Technical Documentation

AMENDMENT RECORD SHEET
Amendment Date Number Inserted By OJuntune Comments Issue1

08/00

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CONTENTS Page No
Transceiver NSW-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Connectors and Main Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contacts Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charging Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Headset Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baseband Module, Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analog Control Channel mode (ACCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analog Voice Channel Mode (AVCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Control Channel Mode (DCCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Traffic Channel Mode (DTCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Out of Range mode (OOR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Locals Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Submodules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baseband Submodules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CTRLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MCU main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DSP Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Logic main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUDIO­RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COBBA Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PWRU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CCONT Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPS Main Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sleep Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power­up reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power up with a charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Normal Battery voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Empty Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Up by IBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 23

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Mixed Trigger to power up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Controlled Power Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Down pushing PWR key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Down when the battery voltage is too low . . . . . Power Down with fault in transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncontrolled Power Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Down when Watchdog expires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Disconnected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Disconnected when charger is connected . . . . Sleep Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Entering the Sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waking up from the Sleep mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charging Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Two­wire Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Three­wire Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watchdog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Overvoltage Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supply Voltage Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Microphone and Earpiece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . External Audio Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio Accessory Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Audio Connections (speech processing) . . . . . . . 4­wire PCM Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Speech Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alert Signal Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Memories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Program Memory 16MBit Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SRAM Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EEPROM Emulated in FLASH Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flash Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF Frequency Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Distribution Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAMPS800 RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TDMA 1900 RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 31 32 32 32 33 33 34 35 35 36 36 36 36 36 38 38 38 39 39 41 41 41 42

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Frequency Synthesizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAMPS 800 operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TDMA 1900 operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAMPS800 TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TDMA1900 TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAMPS800/TDMA1900 operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Supply voltages in different modes of operation . . . . . . . . Software Compensations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Levels (TXC) vs. Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Levels (TXC) vs. Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power levels vs. Battery Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TX Power Up/Down Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital Mode RSSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF Block Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAMPS 800MHz RX Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TDMA 1900MHz RX Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAW Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analog IF parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Digital IF parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TX Power levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Synthesizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UHF Synthesizers specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VHF Synthesizers specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Output levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RF/BB interface signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parts Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Engine Module SE2L (0201494) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 56 56

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CONTENTS Page No
Schematics/ Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1 ­ A11 System block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dualband RX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dualband TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CTRLU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dualband Synth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PWRU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Interface (UI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dualband RF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Component Layout ­ top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Component Layout ­ bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11

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Transceiver NSW-4
Introduction
The NSW­4 is a dual band triple mode radio transceiver designed for the DAMPS and TDMA1900 networks. The transceiver comprises of a System/RF module SE2L with integrated user interface and assembly parts. The transceiver features a full graphic display and a two soft­key based user interface. The antenna is internal. External antenna connection is not included. The transceiver also features a leakage tolerant earpiece and a noise cancelling microphone.

External Connectors and Main Interfaces
Contacts Description
The transceiver electronics consist of the Radio Module ie. RF + System blocks, the keyboard PCB, the display module and audio components. The keypad and the display module are connected to the Radio Module with connectors. System blocks and RF blocks are interconnected with PCB wiring. The Transceiver is connected to accessories via charger connector (includes jack and plates), and headset connector. The System blocks provide the MCU, DSP and Logic control functions in MAD ASIC, external memories, audio processing and RF control hardware in COBBA ASIC. Power supply circuitry CCONT ASIC delivers operating voltages both for the System and the RF blocks. The RF block is designed for a handportable phone which operates in the TDMA system. The purpose of the RF block is to receive and demodulate the radio frequency signal from the base station and to transmit a modulated RF signal to the base station.

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Battery Connector
Battery contact signals
Pin 4 Name BVOLT Min 3.0 Typ 3.6 Max 4.5 5.0 50 5.3 3 BSI 0 2.85 V Unit V Notes Battery voltage Maximum voltage in call state with charger Maximum voltage in idle state with charger Battery size indication Phone has 100kohm pull up resistor. SIM Card removal detection (Threshold is 2.4V@VBB=2.8V) 18"1% 20 22 24 33+/1 47+/­ 10% 2 BTEMP 0 1.4 kohm kohm kohm kohm V Battery indication resistor (Ni battery) Battery indication resistor (service battery) Battery indication resistor (4.1V 600 mAh Lithium battery) Battery indication resistor (Flash adapter) Battery temperature indication Phone has a 100k (+­5%) pullup resistor, Battery package has a NTC pulldown resistor: 47k+­5%@+25C , B=4050+­3% 2.1 1 1.9 90 1 BGND 0 100 10 3 20 2.85 200 0 V ms V ms V Phone power up by battery (input) Power up pulse width Battery power up by phone (output) Power up pulse width Battery ground

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Charging Connector
Contact Line Symbol VIN Parameter Min. Typical / Nominal 8.4 800 7.6 370 6.0 620 Max. Unit / Notes

Jack & surface contact

Charger input voltage Charger input current

7.1 720 7.24 320 5.7 500

9.3 850 7.95 420 6.3 750

V/ Unloaded ACP­9 Charger mA/ Supply current V/ Unloaded ACP­7 Charger mA/ Supply current V/ Unloaded ACP­8 Charger mA/ Supply current V/ Supply ground

Jack & surface contact Jack & surface contact

L_ GND CHRG CTRL

Charger ground input

0

0

0

Output high voltage Output high voltage PWM frequency

0 2.0 32/1

0.8 2.8

V/ Charger control (PWM) high Hz /PWM frequency for charger

Supply Voltages and Power Consumption
Connector Charging Charging Charging Charging Line Symbol VIN VIN I / VIN I / VIN Minimum 7.1 7.25 720 320 Typical / Nominal 8.4 7.6 800 370 Maximum/ Peak 9.3 7.95 850 420 Unit / Notes V/ Travel charger, ACT­1 V/ Travel charger. ACP­7, ACP­8 mA/ Travel charger, ACT­1 mA/ Travel charger, ACP­7

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Headset Connector
The contacts of the headset connector are listed below, with the help of the diagram of the headset plug.

HEADSET PLUG 4/5 3 2 1

Contact 1. contact (plug ring 1) 2. contact (plug ring 2) 3. contact (plug ring 3) 4. and 5. contact (center pin) XMICN XEARN XMICP

Line Symbol

XEARP (4) / HEADSETINT (5)

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Baseband Module, Functional Description
Modes of Operation
The phone has the following main operating modes ­ Analog mode, on 800 MHz band ­ Analog Control Channel ­ Analog Voice Channel ­ Digital mode, on 800 MHz band ­ Digital Control Channel ­ Digital Traffic Channel ­ Digital mode, on 1900 MHz band ­ Digital Control Channel ­ Digital Traffic Channel ­ Out Of Range ­mode ­ Locals mode DCCH DTCH OOR DCCH DTCH ACCH AVCH

Analog Control Channel mode (ACCH)
On analog control channel the phone receives continuous signalling messages on Forward Control Channel (FOCC) from base station, being most of the time in IDLE mode. Only the receiver part is on. Occasionally the phone re­scans control channels in order to find the stronger or otherwise preferred control channel. Also registration (TX on) happens occasionally, whereby the phone sends its information on Reverse Control Channel (RECC) to base station and the phone's location is updated in the switching office. If a call is initiated, either by the user or base station, the phone moves to analog voice channel or digital traffic channel mode depending on the orders by the base station.

Analog Voice Channel Mode (AVCH)
The phone receives and transmits analog audio signal. All circuitry is powered up except digital rx­parts. In this mode the DSP does all the audio processing and in the Hands Free (HF) mode it also performs echo­ cancellation and the HF algorithm. COBBA performs the AD­conversion for the MIC signal, and the DA­conversion for the EAR signal. E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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With audio signal also SAT (Supervisory Audio Tone) is being received from the base station. The SAT signal can be 5970 Hz, 6000Hz or 6030 Hz, the frequency being defined by the base station. DSP's DPLL phase lock loops to SAT, detects if the SAT frequency is the expected one and examines the signal quality. DSP reports SAT quality figures to MCU regularly. The received SAT signal is transponded (transmitted back) to base station. The base station can send signalling messages on Forward Voice Channel (FVC) to the phone, by replacing the audio with a burst of Wide Band Data (WBD). Typically these are handoff or power level messages. System Logic RX­modem is used for receiving the signalling message burst, after which it gives interrupt to MCU for reading the data. During the burst audio path must be muted; MCU gives message to DSP about this. MCU can acknowledge the messages on Reverse Voice Channel (RVC), where DSP sends the WBD to transmitter RF. Also Signalling Tone (ST) can be transmitted to acknowledge messages from base station. DSP sends ST after MCU's command. On Analog Voice Channel MCU uses sleep mode (HW DEEP SLEEP) most of the time, but other circuits are fully operational.

Digital Control Channel Mode (DCCH)
On digital control channel (DCCH) DSP receives the paging information from the Paging channels. DSP sends messages to MCU for processing them. Each Hyperframe (HFC) comprises two Superframes (SF), the first as the Primary (p) and the second as the Secondary (s) paging frame. The assigned Page Frame Class (PFC) defines the frames which must be received, and thus it also defines when the receiver must be on; i.e. the basic power consumption is defined at the same time. The phone employs sleep mode between received time slots. Then DSP sets the sleep clock timer and MCU, DSP and RF including VCXO are powered down. Only sleep clock and necessary timers are running. From DCCH phone may be ordered to analog control channel or to analog or digital traffic channel.

Digital Traffic Channel Mode (DTCH)
Digital Voice Channel On digital voice channel DSP processes speech signal in 20 ms time slots. DSP performs the speech and channel functions in time shared fashion and sleeps whenever possible. Rx and tx are powered on and off according to the slot timing. MCU is waken up mainly by DSP, when there is signalling information for the Cellular Software.

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Digital Data Channel Digital Data Channel is supported in the product.

Out of Range mode (OOR)
If the phone cannot find signal from the base station on any control channel (analog or digital) it can go into OOR mode for power saving. All RF circuits are powered off and baseband circuits are put into low power mode, VCXO is stopped and only sleep clock is running in MAD and CCONT. After the programmable timer in MAD has elapsed the phone turns receiver on and tries to receive signalling data from base station. If it succeeds, the phone goes to standby mode on analog or digital control channel. If the connection can not be established the phone will return to out of range mode, until the timer elapses again.

Locals Mode
Locals mode is used by product development, production and after sales, for testing purposes. MCU's Cellular Software is stopped (no signalling to base station), and the phone is controlled by MBUS messages from test PC.

Technical Summary
List of Submodules
Submodule Function

CTRLU PWRU AUDIO_RF_IF UI

Control Unit for the phone, comprising MAD ASIC (MCU, DSP, System Logic) and Memories Power supply, comprising CCONT and CHAPS Audio coding and RF­BB interface, COBBA User Interface components These blocks are only functional blocks and therefore have no type nor material codes. For block diagram, see baseband schematics. The battery voltage range in DCT3 family is 3.0V to 4.5V depending on the battery charge and used cell type (Li­Ion or NiMH). Because of the battery voltage the baseband supply voltage is a nominal of 2.8V. The baseband is running from a 2.8V power rail which is supplied by a power controlling asic (CCONT). In the CCONT there are seven individually controlled regulator outputs for the RF section, one 2.8V output for the baseband plus a core voltage for MAD1. In addition there is one +5V power supply output(V5V). A real time clock function is integrated into the CCONT which utilizes the same 32KHz clock supply as the sleep clock. A backup power supply is provided for the RTC which keeps the real time E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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clock running when the main battery is removed. The backup power supply is a rechargeable polyacene battery with a backup time of ten minutes. The interface between the baseband and the RF section is handled by a specific asic. The COBBA_D asic provides A/D and D/A conversion of the in­phase and quadrature receive and transmit signal paths and also A/D and D/A conversions of received and transmitted audio signals to and from the UI parts. Data transmission between the COBBA_D and the MAD is implemented using serial connections. Digital speech processing is handled by the MAD asic. The COBBA_D asic is a dual supply voltage circuit, the digital parts are running from the baseband supply VBB and the analog parts are running from the analog supply VCOBBA (VR6). Block diagram for the phone is below.

TX/RX SIGNALS

RF SUPPLIES

PA SUPPLY

19.44M SYSTEM CLOCK CLK

COBBA SUPPLY COBBA_P CCONT

BB SUPPLY
core voltage

32kHz CLK SLEEP CLOCK

LCD

vibra motor

MAD1 + MEMORIES CHAPS

VBAT

BATTERY NiMH LiIon

AUDIOLINES BASEBAND CHARGER conn

Baseband Submodules
CTRLU
CTRLU comprises MAD ASIC (MCU, DSP, System Logic) and Memories. The environment consists of two memory circuits; (FLASH, SRAM), 22­bit address bus, and 16­bit data bus. Also there are ROM1SELX, ROM2SELX, and RAMSELX signals for chip selection.

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MCU main features
System control Cellular Software (CS) Cellular Software communicates with the switching office, and performs call build­up, maintenance and termination. Communication control M2BUS is used to communicate to external devices. This interface is also used for factory testing, service and maintenance purposes. User Interface (UI) PWR­key, keyboard, LCD, backlight, mic, ear and alert (buzzer, vibra, led) control. Serial interface from MAD to LCD (same as for CCONT). Authentication Authentication is used to prevent fraud usage of cellular phones. RF monitoring RF temperature monitoring by VCXOTEMP, ADC in CCONT. Received signal strength monitoring by RSSI, ADC in CCONT. False transmission detection by TXF signal, digital IO­pin. Power up/down and Watchdog control When power key is pressed, initial reset (PURX) has happened and default regulators have powered up in CCONT, MCU and DSP take care of the rest of power up procedures (LCD, COBBA, RF). The MCU must regularly reset the Watchdog counter in CCONT, otherwise the power will be switched off. Accessory monitoring Accessory detection by EAD (HEADSETINT), AD­converter in CCONT. Battery and charging monitoring MCU reads the battery type (BTYPE), temperature (BTEMP) and voltage (VBAT) values by AD­converter in CCONT, and phone's operation is allowed only if the values are reasonable. Charging current is controlled by writing suitable values to PWM control in CCONT. MCU reads also charger voltage (VCHAR) and charging current values (ICHAR). Production/after sales tests and tuning Flash loading, baseband tests, RF tuning Control of CCONT via serial bus E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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MCU writes controls (regulators on/off, Watchdog reset, charge PWM control) and reads AD­conversion values. For AD­conversions MCU gives the clock for CCONT (bus clock), because the only clock in CCONT is sleep clock, which has a too low frequency.

DSP Main Features
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) is in charge of the channel and speech coding according to the IS­136 specification. The block consists of a DSP and internal ROM and RAM memory. The input clock is 9.72 MHz, and DSP has its own internal PLL­multiplier. Main interfaces are to MCU, and via System Logic to COBBA and RF.

System Logic main Features
­ MCU related clocking, timing and interrupts (CTIM) ­ DSP related clocking, timing and interrupts (CTID) ­ DSP general IO­port ­reset and interrupts to MCU and DSP ­ interface between MCU and DSP (API) ­ MCU interface to System Logic (MCUif) ­ MCU controlled PWMs, general IO­port and USART for MBUS (PUP) ­ Receive Modem (Rxmodem) ­ Interface to Keyboard, CCONT and LCD Drivers (UIF) ­ Interface to MCU memories, address lines and chip select decoding (BUSC) ­ DSP interface to System Logic (DSPif) ­ serial accessory interface (AccIf, DSP­UART) ­ Modulation, transmit filter and serial interface to COBBA (MFI) ­ Serial interface for RF synthesizer control (SCU)

Memories
The speed of FLASH and SRAM is 120 ns. FLASH ­ size 1024k * 16 bit, contains the main program code for the MCU, and is able to emulate EEPROM. SRAM ­ size 128k * 16 bit

AUDIO­RF
Audio interface and baseband­RF interface converters are integrated into COBBA circuit.

COBBA Main Features
The codec includes microphone and earpiece amplifier and all the necessary switches for routing. There are two different possibilities for routing;

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internal and external devices. There are also all the AD­ and DA­ converters for the RF interface. DEMO block is used for FM­demodulation in analog mode. A slow speed DA­converter provides automatic frequency control (AFC). In addition, there is a DA­converters for transmitter power control (TXC). COBBA also passes the RFC (19.44 MHz) to MAD as COBBACLK (9.72 MHz). COBBA is connected to MAD via two serial buses: ­ RXTXSIO, for interfacing the RF­DACs and DEMO; and also for audio codec and general control. Signals used: COBBACLK (9.72 MHz, from COBBA), COBBACSX, COBBASD (bi­directional data) and COBBADAX (data ready flag for rx­samples). ­ Codec SIO, for interfacing the audio ADCs / DACs (PCM­samples). Signals: PCMDCLK (data clock 1.08 MHz / 1.215 MHz), PCMSCLK (frame sync 8.0 kHz / 8.1 kHz), PCMTxdata and PCMRxdata.

PWRU
PWRU comprises CCONT circuit and CHAPS circuit.

CCONT Main Features
CCONT generates regulated supply voltages for baseband and RF. There are seven 2.8 V linear regulators for RF, one 2.8 V regulator for baseband, one special switched output (VR1_SW), one programmable 2 V output (V2V), one 3/5 V output, one 5 V output, and one 1.5 V +/­ 1.5 % reference voltage for RF and COBBA. Other functions include: ­ power up/down procedures and reset logic ­ charging control (PWM), charger detection ­ watchdog ­ sleep clock (32.768 kHz) and control ­ 8­channel AD­converter.

CHAPS Main Features
CHAPS comprises the hardware for charging the battery and protecting the phone from over­voltage in charger connector. The main functions include ­ transient, over­voltage and reverse charger voltage protection ­ limited start­up charge current for a totally empty battery ­ voltage limit when battery removed ­ with SW protection against too high charging current E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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Clocking
System Clock
19.44MHz

VCXO 200mVpp­1Vpp
VR1 sine wave RFC LCDRESX

LCD­DRVR

CHAPS

BATTERY MAD

COBBA
COBBACLK 9.72MHz Square wave 2.8Vpp

RFCEN

CCONT
PWRONX SLCLK 32 kHz PURX

RFCSETTLED COBBARESX

. Clocking and resets

VCXO on RF provides the system clock for baseband (RFC). COBBA squares the clock and divides it by two for MAD (COBBACLK). This clock can be stopped by cutting supply voltage from VCXO (CCONT regulator VR1) and started again by powering on the same regulator. MAD controls it through RFCEN. It can be stopped only when both MCU and DSP request that. It is always stopped in SLEEP­mode on control channels. When the VCXO is stopped time is measures in MAD by using the sleep clock SLCLK; when the programmable timer expires it gives interrupt to DSP/MCU and MAD also starts the VCXO power supply by RFCEN signal. The same sleep clock is also used in the MBUS interface, to detect if there is communication on the bus during sleep periods. Inside MAD System Logic parts provide clock signal to both DSP and MCU, and both internal clocks can be stopped individually for power saving. MCU can use either CLOCK STOP or HW STANDBY sleep mode.

Sleep Clock
CCONT makes 32.768 kHz sleep clock for MAD. This crystal oscillator in CCONT_2' starts to run only after the battery is connected and the phone

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has been started once. The SLCLK output is enabled only when the baseband parts are powered up. After the sleep periods, when the VCXO is restarted (by RFCEN), MAD takes care that the clock is not used before it is properly settled. MAD output RFCSETTLED prevents COBBA from using the clock during the settling time (RFCSETTLED rises later than RFCEN), as well MAD internally inhibits DSP and MCU during the same time. This settling time can be programmed before going to sleep mode, and the sleep clock is used for measuring the time.

Resets
Power­up reset
CCONT gives the power­up reset (PURX) to MAD and COBBA. Also display is reset via MAD output pin. During this reset the VCXO clock has enough time to settle so that it can be used as the system clock after reset.

Other reset
COBBA can be also internally reset; there are two internal reset bits in COBBA registers which can be written by MAD. LCD reset is possible also by by MCU SW, because the control pin pin is controlled by MCU. There are also MAD internal reset possibilities ­ MCU can reset system logic parts ­ MCU can reset DSP ­ SW­watchdog can reset the whole MAD

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Power Distribution
In normal operation the baseband is powered from the phone`s battery. The battery consists of one Lithium­Ion cell. There is also a possibility to use batteries consisting of three Nickel Metal Hydride cells or one Solid state cell. An external charger can be used for recharging the battery and supplying power to the phone. The charger can be either performance charger, which can deliver supply current up to 850 mA or a standard charger that can deliver approx. 300 mA. The figure below is a simplified block diagram of the power distribution. The power management circuitry provides protection against overvoltages, charger failures and pirate chargers etc. that could cause damage to the phone. VCXO COBBA CHAPS
VCHAR VBAT

LCD­DRVR

BATTERY

MAD
VR1

CCONT FLASH RF
PWM VR6 VBB SIO VR1­VR7 VBB V5V Vref

Battery voltage VBAT is connected to CCONT which regulates all the supply voltages VBB, VR1­VR7, VSIM and V5V. CCONT enables automatically VR1, VBB, VR6 and Vref in power­up. VBB is used as baseband power supply for all digital parts. It is constantly on when the phone is powered up. VSIM is used as programming voltage for the Flash memory whenever a partial re­flashing is needed, e.g. when the Flash emulates EEPROM. V5V is used for RF parts only. In CCONT_2' it also can be switched off by using RFCEN signal.

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VR1 is used for the VCXO supply, and VR6 is used in COBBA for analog parts. RFCEN signal to CCONT controls both VR1 and VR6 regulators; they can be switched off in sleep modes, and during standby. However, VR6 output is not switched off, but connected to VBB inside CCONT, in order to avoid false accessory interrupts. CCONT regulators are controlled either through SIO from MAD or timing sensitive regulators are controlled directly to their control pins. These two control methods form a logical OR­function, i.e. the regulator is enabled when either of the controls is active. Most of the regulators can be individually controlled. CHAPS connects the charger voltage (VCHAR) to battery. MCU of MAD controls the charging through CCONT. MAD sets the parameters to PWM­generator in CCONT and PWM­output controls the charging voltage in charger. When battery voltage is under 3.0 V, CHAPS controls independently the charging current.

Power Up
When the battery is connected to phone, the 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator of CCONT is not started, since CCONT2 version F, until the power­button is pressed. (Oscillator start may take up to 1 second). The regulators are not started. After the crystal has started, the phone is ready to be powered up by any of the ways described below.

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Power up with a charger
Normal Battery voltage

VCHAR VR1, VBB, VR6 RFCEN RFCSETTLED RFC (VCXO) COBBACLK PURX SLCLK CCONTINT
t1 t2 t3

The power up procedure is similar to process described in the previous chapter with the exception that the rising edge of VCHAR triggers the power up in CCONT. Also CCONT sets output CCONTINT. MAD detects the interrupt, and after that reads CCONT status register to find out the reason for the interrupt (charger in this case). The phone will remain in the "acting dead" state, which means that the user interface is not activated unless the power button is pressed. Only the charging activity is indicated on the display. CCONTINT is generated both in the case the charger is connected, and in the case the charger is disconnected.

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Empty Battery Before battery voltage voltage rises over 3.0 V CHAPS gives an initial charge (with limited current) to the battery. After battery voltage reaches that voltage limit the power up procedure is as described in the previous chapters.
VBAT > 3.0 V

VCHAR VR1, VBB, VR6 RFCEN RFCSETTLED RFC (VCXO) COBBACLK PURX SLCLK CCONTINT
t1 t2 t3

Before battery voltage voltage rises over 3.0 V CHAPS gives an initial charge (with limited current) to the battery. After battery voltage reaches that voltage limit the power up procedure is as described in the previous chapters. Anyway, if the standard charger is connected and power­up requested from the power button, the current consumption should be kept in the minimum in the beginning because the charger output current is rather low and the battery voltage is on the minimum limit. Thus, at least the phone receiver parts and the user interface lights should not be powered up immediately, but after a small delay.

Power Up by IBI
Phone can be powered up by external device (accessory or similar) by providing a start pulse to the battery signal BTEMP; this is detected by E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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CCONT. After that the power­up procedure is similar to pushing power­ button. NSW-6 does not have any IBI accessories.

Mixed Trigger to power up
It is possible that PWR­key is pushed during charger initiated power­up procedure or charger is connected during PWR­key initiated power up procedure. In this kind of circumstances the power­up procedure (in HW point of view) continues as nothing had happened.

Power Down
Controlled Power Down
Power Down pushing PWR key MAD (MCU SW) detects that PWR­key is pressed long enough time. After that the lights and LCD are turned off. MCU stops all the activities it was doing (e.g. ends a call), sends power off command to CCONT (i.e. gives a short watchdog time) and goes to idle­task. After the delay CCONT cuts all the supply voltages from the phone. Note that the phone does not go to power off (from HW point of view) when the charger is connected and PWR­key is pushed. It is shown to user that the phone is in power off, but in fact the phone is just acting being powered off (this state is usually called "acting dead"). Power Down when the battery voltage is discharged too low During normal discharge the phone indicates the user that the battery will drain after some time. If not recharged, SW detects that battery voltage is too low and shuts the phone off through a normal power down procedure. Anyway, if the SW fails to power down the phone, CCONT will make a reset and power down the phone if the battery voltage drops below 2.8 V. Power Down with fault in transmitter If the MAD receives fault indication, from the line TXF, that the transmitter is on although it should not be, the control SW will power down the phone.

Uncontrolled Power Down
Power Down when Watchdog expires If the SW fails to update the watchdog, the watchdog will eventually expire and CCONT cuts all the supply voltages from the phone.

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Battery Disconnected When battery is disconnected, immediate and totally uncontrolled power­ down happens. Therefore a power off procedure in this case can not be described. One possible risk is that if the MCU is writing something to Flash exactly at the same moment, the memory contents may be corrupted. Battery Disconnected when charger is connected From hardware point of view the phone could otherwise continue functioning normally, but if the charger voltage is higher than the maximum allowed battery voltage, this can damage the RF parts. Therefore, there must be hardware protection against this in CHAPS. If the user presses the PWR­key, the phone can wake up to detect that the battery is not present (no BTYPE and /or BTEMP). After that the phone either turns off or goes to low current mode (can be decided by MCU SW). This state does not harm the phone. The phone can not be used only from the charger without the battery.

Sleep Mode
Entering the Sleep mode
The phone can enter SLEEP only when both MCU and DSP request it. A substantial amount of current is saved in SLEEP. When going to SLEEP following things will happen 1 Both MCU and DSP enable sleep mode, set the sleep timer and enter sleep mode (MCU: HW DEEP SLEEP, DSP: IDLE3; both the core, peripherals and PLL stop) RFCEN and RFCSETTLED ­> 0 ­> COBBACLK will stop (gated in COBBA). Also VR1 is disabled ­> VCXO supply voltage is cut off ­> RFC stops. LCD display remains the same, no changes Sleep clock (SLCLK) and watchdog in CCONT running Sleep counter in MAD running, uses SLCLK

2

3 4 5

Waking up from the Sleep mode
In the typical case phone leaves the SLEEP­mode when the SLEEP­ counter in MAD expires. After that MAD enables VR1 VCXO starts running after a pre­programmed delay RFCSETTLED rises => MAD receives COBBACLK clock MAD operation re­starts. There are also many other cases when the SLEEP mode can be interrupted, in these cases MAD enables the VR1 and operation is started similarly E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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­ some MCU or DSP timer expires ­ DSP regular event interrupt happens ­ MBUS activity is detected ­ FBUS activity is detected ­ Charger is connected, Charger interrupt to MAD ­ any key on keyboard is pressed, interrupt to MAD ­ HEADSETINT, from the switch of the headset connector (EAD) ­ HOOKINT, from XMIC lines

Charging Control
Charging is controlled by MCU SW, which writes control data to CCONT via serial bus. CCONT output pin PWMOUT (Pulse Width Modulation) can be used to control both the charger and the CHAPS circuit inside phone. CHAPS Vin System Connector CCONT
PWMOU T Charging Control serial control

BATTERY MAD

To charger

Two­wire Charging
With 2­wire charging the charger provides constant output current, and the charging is controlled by PWMOUT signal from CCONT to CHAPS. PWMOUT signal frequency is selected to be 1 Hz, and the charging switch in CHAPS is pulsed on and off at this frequency. The final charged energy to battery is controlled by adjusting the PWMOUT signal duty cycle. Pulse width is controlled by the MCU which writes these values to CCONT.

Three­wire Charging
With 3­wire charging the charger provides adjustable output voltage, and the charging is controlled by PWMOUT signal from CCONT to Charger,

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with the charger connector signal. PWMOUT signal frequency is selected to be 32 Hz, and the charger output voltage is controlled by adjusting the PWMOUT signal pulse width. The charger switch in CHAPS is constantly on in this case.

Watchdog
Both MAD and CCONT include a watchdog, and both use the 32 kHz sleep clock. The watchdog in MAD is the primary one, and this is called SW­watchdog. MCU has to update it regularly. If it is not updated, logic inside MAD gives reset to MAD. After the reset, MCU can read an internal status bit to see the reason for reset, whether it was from MAD or CCONT. The SW­watchdog delay can be set between 0 and 63 seconds at 250 millisecond steps; and after power­up the default value is the max. time.

VCXO LCD­DRVR BATTERY MAD COBBA

CCONT
VR1 32 kHz VR6 VBB SLCL K LOGIC SIO MCU

MAD must reset CCONT watchdog regularly. CCONT watchdog time can be set through SIO between 0 and 63 seconds at 1 second steps. After power­up the default value is 32 seconds. If watchdog elapses, CCONT will cut off all supply voltages. After total cut­off the phone can be re­started through any normal power­up procedure.

Battery Overvoltage Protection
Output overvoltage protection is used to protect phone from damage. This function is also used to define the protection cutoff voltage for different battery types (Li or Ni). The power switch is immediately turned OFF if the voltage in VOUT rises above the selected limit VLIM1 or VLIM2. E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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Parameter Output voltage cutoff limit (during transmission or Li­ battery) Output voltage cutoff limit (no transmission or Ni­battery)

Symbol VLIM1

LIM input LOW

Min 4.4

Typ 4.6

Max 4.8

Unit V

VLIM2

HIGH

4.8

5.0

5.2

V

The voltage limit (VLIM1 or VLIM2) is selected by logic LOW or logic HIGH on the CHAPS LIM­ input pin. Default value is lower limit VLIM1.

Battery Identification
Different battery types are identified by a pulldown resistor inside the battery pack. The BSI line inside transceiver has a 100k pullup to VBB. The MCU can identify the battery by reading the BSI line DC­voltage level with a CCONT A/D­converter.

BVOLT BATTERY BTEMP Vbb Vibra Schematic TRANSCEIVER 100k BSI 47k at 25 deg C 10 k BSI CCONT

Rs BGND 10 n

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Battery Temperature
The battery temperature is measured with a NTC inside the battery pack. The BTEMP line inside transceiver has a 100k pullup to VREF. The MCU can calculate the battery temperature by reading the BTEMP line DC­ voltage level with a CCONT A/D­converter.

BVOLT BATTERY BSI VREF TRANSCEIVER

Vibra Schematic

100k BTEMP RT NTC BGND 10 k 1k 2k2 10n VibraPWM MAD BTEMP CCONT

MCUGenIO4

Supply Voltage Regulators
The heart of the power distribution is the CCONT. It includes all the voltage regulators and feeds the power to the whole system. The baseband digital parts are powered from the VBB regulator which provides 2.8V baseband supply. The baseband regulator is active always when the phone is powered on. The VBB baseband regulator feeds MAD and memories, COBBA digital parts and the LCD driver in the UI section. VSIM supplies programming voltage to the FLASH memory. The COBBA analog parts are powered from a dedicated 2.8V supply VCOBBA. The CCONT supplies also 5V for RF. The CCONT features a real time clock function, which is powered from a RTC backup when the main battery is disconnected. The RTC backup is rechargeable polyacene battery, which has a capacity of 50uAh (@3V/2V) The battery is charged from the main battery voltage E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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by the CHAPS when the main battery voltage is over 3.2V. The charging current is 200uA (nominal). Operating mode Power off Power on Reset Sleep Vref Off On On On RF REG Off On/Off Off VR1 On Off VCOBBA Off On On On VBB Off On On On VSIM Off On Off On SIMIF Pull down On/Off Pull down On/Off

Note: CCONT includes also five additional 2.8V regulators providing power to the RF section. These regulators can be controlled either by the direct control signals from MAD or by the RF regulator control register in CCONT which MAD can update. Below are the listed the MAD control lines and the regulators they are controlling.

­ TxPwr controls VTX regulator (VR5) ­ RxPwr controls VRX regulator (VR2) ­ SynthPwr controls VSYN_1 and VSYN_2 regulators (VR4 and VR3) ­ VCXOPwr controls VXO regulator (VR1) CCONT generates also a 1.5 V reference voltage VREF to COBBA and EROTUS. The VREF voltage is also used as a reference to the CCONT A/D converter. In addition to the above mentioned signals MAD includes also TXP control signal which goes to PLUSSA power control block and to the power amplifier. The transmitter power control TXC is led from COBBA to PLUSSA.

Audio Control
The audio control and processing is taken care by the COBBA_D, which contains the audio and RF codecs, and the MAD1, which contains the MCU, ASIC and DSP blocks handling and processing the audio signals.

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Slide EMI

COBBA
Bias + EMI Preamp Premult.

MAD DSP MCU

Multipl.

MIC2 MIC1

Headset Connector

XMICP

EMI+ACC Interf.

MIC3

Pre & LP

A D

XMICN XEARP XEARN

HFCM Amp AuxOut HF EAR
Multipl.

Buzzer Driver Circuit

LP

A D
Buzzer

Display

EMI

The baseband supports three microphone inputs and two earphone outputs. The inputs can be taken from an internal microphone, a headset microphone or from an external microphone signal source. The microphone signals from different sources are connected to separate inputs at the COBBA_D asic. Inputs for the microphone signals are differential type. The MIC1 inputs are used for a headset microphone that can be connected directly to the headset connector. The internal microphone is connected to MIC2 inputs and an external pre­amplified microphone (handset/handfree) signal is connected to the MIC3 inputs. In COBBA there are also three audio signal outputs of which dual ended EAR lines are used for internal earpiece and HF line for accessory audio output. The third audio output AUXOUT is used only for bias supply to the headset microphone. As a difference to DCT3 generation both external MIC & EAR are fully differential (4­wire IF). No common mode line (SGND) is used. The output for the internal earphone is a dual ended type output capable of driving a dynamic type speaker. Input and output signal source selection and gain control is performed inside the COBBA_D asic according to control messages from the MAD1. Keypad tones, DTMF, and other audio tones are generated and encoded by the MAD1 and transmitted to the COBBA_D for decoding.

Internal Microphone and Earpiece
The baseband supports three microphone inputs and two earphone outputs. The inputs can be taken from an internal microphone, a headset microphone or from an external microphone signal source. The microphone signals from different sources are connected to separate inputs to the COBBA_D asic. Inputs for the microphone signals are of a differential type. E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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External Audio Connections
The external audio connections are presented in the figure on the previous page. A headset can be connected directly to the headset connector. The headset microphone bias is supplied from COBBA AUXOUT output and fed to microphone through XMIC line. Audio Accessory Detection When the MCU­SW receives a headset­interrupt, generated by the switch in the headset­connector, it will start the accessory­detection sequence. At first it will measure the voltage at XMICP­pin (divided in half by 2 resistors) via EAD AD­converter in CCONT. If it detects a voltage it will start the sequence for the active accessory detection. The only specified active accessory for NSW­6 is the PPH­3 handsfree kit. If there is no active voltage detected at XMICP, AUXOUT­pin of COBBA_D is switched to 1.5V and the voltage at XMICP is measured again. The voltage at XMICP depends on the impedance which is connected between XMICP and XMICN ath the accessory end.
Connector Connection State No accessory connected Headset HDC­5 with button not pressed Headset HDC­5 with button pressed PPH­3 (connected correctly) PPH­3 with external microphone (connected correctly) Audio box JBA-6 Line Symbol HOOKDET
(MAD1 pin C10)

Minimum HEADSETINT
(MAD1 pin B11)

Typical / Nominal Voltage at XMICP 0V 1.1V EAD­value 0 390 Notes

Unit / Notes

'1' '1'

'0' '1'

When AUXOUT at 1.5V

'0'

'1'

0.75V

255

When AUXOUT at 1.5V

'0' '0'

'1' '1'

2.6V 2.2V

900 750

when muted when muted

'1'

'1'

~0.9V

330 ­ 350

when AUXOUT at 1.5V

Internal Audio Connections (speech processing)
The speech coding functions are performed by the DSP in the MAD1 and the coded speech blocks are transferred to the COBBA_D for digital to analog conversion, down link direction. In the up link direction the PCM coded speech blocks are read from the COBBA_D by the DSP.

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4­wire PCM Serial Interface
The interface consists of following signals: a PCM codec master clock (PCMDClk), a frame synchronization signal to DSP (PCMSClk), a codec transmit data line (PCMTX) and a codec receive data line (PCMRX). The COBBA_D generates the PCMDClk clock, which is supplied to DSP SIO. The COBBA_D also generates the PCMSClk signal to DSP by dividing the PCMDClk. The PCMDClk frequency is 1.000 MHz and is generated by dividing the RFIClk 13 MHz by 13. The COBBA_D further divides the PCMDClk by 125 to get a PCMSClk signal, 8.0 kHz. PCMDClk PCMSClk PCMTxData PCMRxData sign extended 15 14 13 sign extended MSB 12 MSB LSB 0 LSB

11

10

The output for the internal earphone is a dual ended type output capable of driving a dynamic type speaker. The output for the external accessory and the headset is single ended with a dedicated signal ground SGND. Input and output signal source selection and gain control is performed inside the COBBA_D asic according to control messages from the MAD1PR1. Keypad tones, DTMF, and other audio tones are generated and encoded by the MAD1PR1 and transmitted to the COBBA_D for decoding. MAD1PR1 generates two separate PWM outputs, one for a buzzer and one for vibra (internal and external via BTEMP).

Speech Processing
The speech coding functions are performed by the DSP in the MAD1 and the coded speech blocks are transferred to the COBBA_D for digital to analog conversion, down link direction. In the up link direction the PCM coded speech blocks are read from the COBBA_D by the DSP. There are two separate interfaces between the MAD and the COBBA: 2 serial buses. The first serial interface is used to transfer all the COBBA control information (both the RFI part and the audio part). The second serial interface between the MAD and COBBA includes transmit and receive data, clock and frame synchronization signals. It is used to transfer the PCM samples. The frame synchronization frequency is 8 kHz ( the sample rate is in digital mode 8.0 kHz and in analog mode 8.1 kHz) which indicates the rate of the PCM samples and the clock frequency is 1 MHz. The COBBA is generating both clocks.

Alert Signal Generation
A buzzer is used for giving alerting tones and/or melodies as a signal of an incoming call. Also keypress and user function response beeps are E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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generated with the buzzer. The buzzer is controlled with a BuzzerPWM output signal from the MAD1. A dynamic type of buzzer is used since the supply voltage available can not produce the required sound pressure for a piezo type buzzer. The low impedance buzzer is connected to the UI­ switch ASIC. The alert volume can be adjusted either by changing the pulse width causing the level to change or by changing the frequency to utilize the resonance frequency range of the buzzer. A vibra alerting device is used for giving a silent signal to the user of an incoming call. The device is controlled with a Vibra output signal from the MAD1.

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Digital Control
MAD
The baseband functions are controlled by the MAD asic, which consists of a MCU, a system ASIC and a DSP. MAD(1) contains following building blocks: ­ ARM RISC processor with both 16­bit instruction set (THUMB mode) and 32­bit instruction set (ARM mode) ­ DSP core with peripherals: ­ API (Arm Port Interface memory) for MCU­DSP communication, DSP code download, MCU interrupt handling vectors (in DSP RAM) and DSP booting ­ Serial port (connection to PCM) ­ Timer ­ DSP memory ­ BUSC (BusController for controlling accesses from ARM to API, System Logic and MCU external memories, both 8­ and 16­bit memories) ­ System Logic ­ CTSI (Clock, Timing, Sleep and Interrupt control) ­ MCUIF (Interface to ARM via BUSC). Contains MCU BootROM ­ DSPIF (Interface to DSP) ­ MFI (Interface to COBBA_D AD/DA Converters) ­ CODER (Block encoding/decoding and A51&A52 ciphering) ­ AccIF(Accessory Interface) ­ SCU (Synthesizer Control Unit for controlling 2 separate synthesizer) ­ UIF (Keyboard interface, serial control interface for COBBA_D PCM Codec, LCD Driver and CCONT) ­ UIF+ (roller/ slide handling) ­ PUP (Parallel IO, USART and PWM control unit for vibra and buzzer) ­ FLEXPOOL (DAS00308 FlexPool Specification) ­ SERRFI (DAS00348 COBBA_D Specifications) The MAD1 operates from a 13 MHz system clock, which is generated from the 13Mhz VCXO frequency. The MAD1PR1 supplies a 6,5MHz or a 13MHz internal clock for the MCU and system logic blocks and a 13MHz clock for the DSP, where it is multiplied to TBD MHz DSP clock. The system clock can be stopped for a system sleep mode by disabling the E Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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VCXO supply power from the CCONT regulator output. The CCONT provides a 32kHz sleep clock for internal use and to the MAD1PR1, which is used for the sleep mode timing. The sleep clock is active when there is a battery voltage available i.e. always when the battery is connected.

Memories
The MCU program code resides in an external program memory, size is16Mbits. MCU work (data) memory size is 2Mbits (128k x16). A special block in the flash is used for storing the system and tuning parameters, user settings and selections, a scratch pad and a short code memory. The BusController (BUSC) section in the MAD1 decodes the chip select signals for the external memory devices and the system logic. BUSC controls internal and external bus drivers and multiplexers connected to the MCU data bus. The MCU address space is divided into access areas with separate chip select signals. BUSC supports a programmable number of wait states for each memory range. Program Memory 16MBit Flash The MCU program code resides in the flash program memory. The program memory size is 16Mbits (1Mx16) . The default package is uBGA48. SRAM Memory The work memory size is 2Mbits (128kx16) static ram in a 48 ball BGA package. Vcc is 2.8V and access time is 100 ns The work memory is supplied from the common baseband VBB voltage and the memory contents are lost when the baseband voltage is switched off. All retainable data is stored into the flash memory when the phone is powered down. EEPROM Emulated in FLASH Memory A block in flash is used for a nonvolatile data memory to store the tuning parameters and phone setup information. The short code memory for storing user defined information is also implemented in the flash. The EEPROM space allocated is about 32kbyte The memory is accessed through the parallel bus.

Flash Programming
The program execution starts from the BOOT ROM and the MCU investigates in the early start­up sequence if the flash prommer is connected. This is done by checking the status of the MBUS­line. Normally this line is high but when the flash prommer is connected the line is forced low by the prommer. The flash prommer serial data receive line is in receive mode waiting for an acknowledgement from the phone. The data transmit line from the baseband to the prommer is initially high. When the baseband has recognized the flash prommer, the FBUS TX­

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line is pulled low. This acknowledgement is used to start the data transfer of the first two bytes from the flash prommer to the baseband on the FBUS RX­line. The data transmission begins by starting the serial transmission clock (MBUS­line) at the prommer. The 2.8V programming voltage is supplied inside the transceiver from the CCONT. The following table lists out the flash programming pads under the battery, (holes are provided in the shield) Name MBUS Parameter Serial clock from the Prommer Min 2.0 0 2.0v 0v 2.0 0,1 0 Typ Max 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 2.8 0.8 0 Unit V Remark Prommer detection and Serial Clock for synchronous communication Receive Data from Prommer to Baseband Transmit Data from Baseband to Prommer

FBUS_R Serial data X from the Prommer FBUS_T Data acX knowledge to the Prommer GND GND

V

V

V

Supply ground

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RF Module
Technical Summary
The RF module converts the signal received by the antenna to a baseband signal and vice versa. It consists of a conventional superheterodyne receiver and a transmitter for each band and also two frequency synthesizers for the required mixing. The RF module includes one integrated circuit, the EROTUS a BiCMOS ASIC. The dual­band RF­module is capable for seamless operation between 800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. In practise this means capability to cross­band hand­offs and maho­measurements. The EROTUS includes: ­ Limiter amplifier for the analog receiver ­ An AGC amplifier for the digital receiver ­ A receiver mixer for the 450kHz down conversion ­ PLLs for the 1GHz UHF and VHF synthesizers ­ IQ­modulators for the transmitter ­ A power control circuit for the transmitter and the AGC amplifier The power amplifiers (PAs) are GaAs HBT MMICs. They comprise two 800 MHz and three 1900 MHz amplifier stages with input and interstage matching. The LNA MMICs include: ­ A LNA for each band with a step AGC ­ Down converters for the receiver ­ A prescaler for the LO buffer On the next page is a graphical presentation of the used Frequency Plan.

RF Frequency Plan
Intermediate frequencies of the RX are the same in all operation modes. RX/TX LO and TX IF modulator frequencies are different in TDMA800 and TDMA1900 operation modes. See figure below for details.

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2nd IF 450 kHz

IF2 A­mode 450 kHz

1930.08­1989.96 MHz 869.04­893.97 MHz 1st IF 116.19 MHz 116.64 MHz 2046.24­2106.18 MHz 985.20­1010.16 MHz

IF2 D­mode 450 kHz

LO 1

PLL f f/2 f
196.23 MHz 161.19 MHz

LO 3

PLL

2f

1850.01­1909.95 MHz 824.01­848.97 MHz

PLL EROTUS
NOTE!
Frequencies in

TDMA1900

mode are printed in italics

LO 2
392.46 MHz 322.38 MHz VCTCXO 19.44 MHz

3f f

58.32 MHz

RFC 19.44 MHz

DC Characteristics
Power Distribution Diagram
There are two options for power distribution. 1st option is a dual band phone, which is presented in the diagram next page. Current consumptions in the diagrams are only suggestive.

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DUAL BAND OPERATION
2 mA

Freq. doubler VHF presc.

2 mA

RFCEN

VR1

19.44 MHz VCTCXO 3* Multiplier

6 mA 2 mA

VREF
8 mA

Bias

SPWR1

VR2

UHF­ VCO

10 mA

UHF presc. & PLL Phase det. Digital supply Power control Modulator Digital m. RX IF­ parts Analog m. IF­ parts

5 mA (peak)

V5V
30 mA

VR6

COBBA_D (Analog)

2 mA

1 mA

TXPWR1

VR5
2 mA

Detector VRS IF1 ­ amp.

35 mA

RXPWR1

VR4

1 mA

26 mA/ 5.6 mA

SPWR2 (via serial bus)

VR3

4 mA

VHF VCO TQ UHF LO buffer TX mixer TDMA800 TX PA bias TDMA800
1 mA

3 mA

CCONT
TXPWR3 TXP1 VR7

Limiter

15 mA Enable 3 mA

EROTUS
Control block

SDATA
55 mA

VR7_bias VRBB

TX driver TDMA800 BASEBAND TX PA TDMA800 TX PA TDMA1900

SCLK SENA1

VBATT
19 mA

RXPWR2

VR8
30 mA

RX FRONT END TDMA800 RX FRONT END TDMA1900

10 mA

2GHz VCO

RXPWR3

VR9

10 mA Enable

2GHz PLL

5 mA

SPWR3

VR10

3 mA

TX PA bias TDMA 1900 TX driver TDMA1900 TQ UHF LO buffer

TXP2

VR11
35 mA

65 mA

TXPWR2 Enable

VR12

TX mixer TDMA1900

4 mA

Enable

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Current consumption in different operation modes can be seen in the table below:.
800 MHz 800 MHz 800 MHz 800 MHz 800 MHz 1900 MHz 1900 MHz Ext. Analog Analog Digital Digital Digital Digital Standby Control Traffic Control Traffic Control Traffic [mA] Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel Channel [mA] [mA] [mA] [mA] [mA] [mA]
VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6 VR7 VR8 VR9 VR10 VR11 VR12 V5V 9.0 / 0.0 16.0 / 0.0 0.0 11.6 / 0.0 0.0 2.0 / 0.1 0.0 19.0 / 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 / 0.0 9.0 16.0 0.0 11.6 0.0 2.0 0.0 19.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 9.0 16.0 23.0 11.6 37.0 32.0 *** 58.0 19.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 9.0 / 0.0 16.0 / 0.0 0.0 32 / 0.0 0.0 2.0 / 0.1 0.0 19.0 / 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 / 0.0 9.0 16.0 13.0 12.8* 13.0 ** 32.0 *** 19.2 ' 7.6 '' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 19.0 / 0.0 0.0 0.0 32 / 0.0 0.0 2.0 / 0.1 0.0 0.0 30.0 / 0.0 10.0 / 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 / 0.0 19.0 0.0 8.0 12.8* 13.0 ** 32.0 *** 0.0 0.0 12.0 ''' 10.0 22.5^ 12.9^^ 5.0 147.2

Total 62.6 / 0.1 62.6 210.6 83.0 / 0.1 127.6 98.0 / 0.1 NOTES: * Mean value (ON/OFF=8/20ms), peak current 32.0 mA ** Mean value (ON/OFF=7/20ms), peak current 37.0 mA *** Cobba_D mean current consumption estimated to be 30 mA ' Mean value (ON/OFF=6.6/20ms), peak current 180.0 mA '' Mean value (ON/OFF=8/20ms), peak current 10.0 mA ''' Mean value (ON/OFF=8/20ms), peak current 15.0 mA when AGC2=1 ^ Mean value (ON/OFF=6.6/20ms), peak current 68.0 mA ^^ Mean value (ON/OFF=6.6/20ms), peak current 39.0 mA

Regulators
Most of the RF voltage regulation functions are located in the regulator IC CCONT. It has 8 separate regulators with power on/off controls (see fig 2). Regulator VR6 is used also for the COBBA_D IC and the rest of the regulators VR1­VR7 are reserved for the RF blocks only. VR7_bias controls the 800MHz PA bias to boost better efficiency in analog mode and at power levels 6 to 10 in digital mode. VSIM voltage is used for the PLL charge pump supply. In dual band phone there is a need for 5 additional regulators, which are integrated in Penta regulator IC.

Receiver
DAMPS800 RX
The receiver is a double conversion receiver. Most of the RX functions are integrated in two ICs, namely receiver front end and EROTUS. ReE Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.

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ceiver front end contains a LNA and the 1st mixer. Analog and digital IF­