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Sound Processor
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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MICRONAS INTERMETALL
MSP 3415D Multistandard Sound Processor
MICRONAS
Edition Jan. 15, 1998 6251-438-2PD
MSP 3415D
Contents Page 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 14 15 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 2 Section 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 4. 4.1. 4.1.1. 4.1.2. 4.1.3. 4.1.4. 4.1.5. 4.1.6. 4.1.7. 4.1.8. 4.1.9. 4.1.10. 4.2. 4.2.1. 4.2.2. 4.3. 4.3.1. 4.4. 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.2.4. 5.3. 6. 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. 6.4.1. 6.4.2. Title
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Introduction MSP 3415D Features Unsupported MSP 3410D Functions MSP 3410D Inputs and Outputs not included in the MSP 3415D Basic Features of the MSP 3415D Demodulator and NICAM Decoder Section DSP-Section (Audio Baseband Processing) Analog Section Application Fields of the MSP 3415D NICAM plus FM/AM-Mono German 2-Carrier System (DUAL FM System) Architecture of the MSP 3415D Demodulator and NICAM Decoder Section Analog Sound IF Input Section Quadrature Mixers Lowpass Filtering Block for Mixed Sound IF Signals Phase and AM Discrimination Differentiators Lowpass Filter Block for Demodulated Signals High Deviation FM Mode FM-Carrier-Mute Function in the Dual Carrier FM Mode DQPSK-Decoder NICAM-Decoder Analog Section SCART Switching Facilities Standby Mode DSP-Section (Audio Baseband Processing) Dual Carrier FM Stereo/Bilingual Detection Audio PLL and Crystal Specifications I2C Bus Interface: Device and Subaddresses Protocol Description Proposal for MSP 3415D I2C Telegrams Symbols Write Telegrams Read Telegrams Examples Start Up Sequence: Power Up and I2C-Controlling Programming the Demodulator and NICAM Decoder Section Autodetection, Short-Programming, and General Programming of the Demodulator Part Demodulator Write Registers: Table and Addresses Demodulator Read Registers: Table and Addresses Demodulator Write Registers for Short-Programming: Functions and Values Demodulator Short-Programming AUTO_FM/AM: Automatic Switching between NICAM and FM/AM-Mono MICRONAS INTERMETALL
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MSP 3415D
Contents Page 23 23 25 26 28 28 29 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 Section 6.5. 6.5.1. 6.5.2. 6.5.3. 6.5.4. 6.6. 6.6.1. 6.6.2. 6.6.3. 6.6.4. 6.6.5. 6.6.6. 6.6.7. 6.6.8. 6.6.9. 6.7. 6.8. 6.8.1. 6.8.2. 6.8.3. 6.8.4. 6.8.5. 7. 7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.3.1. 7.3.2. 7.3.3. 7.3.4. 7.3.5. 7.3.6. 7.3.7. 7.3.8. 7.3.9. 7.3.10. 7.3.11. 7.3.12. 7.3.13. 7.3.14. 7.3.15. 7.3.16. 7.3.17. 7.3.18. 7.3.19. 7.4. Title Demodulator Write Registers for the General Programming Mode: Functions and Values Register `AD_CV' Register `MODE_REG' FIR-Parameter DCO-Registers Demodulator Read Registers: Functions and Values Autodetect of Terrestrial TV-Audio Standards C_AD_BITS ADD_BITS [10:3] 0038hex CIB_BITS ERROR_RATE 0057hex CONC_CT (for compatibility with MSP 3410B) FAWCT_IST (for compatibility with MSP3410B) PLL_CAPS AGC_GAIN Sequences to Transmit Parameters and to Start Processing Software Proposals for Multistandard TV-Sets Multistandard Including System B/G with NICAM/FM-Mono only Multistandard Including System I with NICAM/FM-Mono only Multistandard Including System B/G with NICAM/FM-Mono and German DUAL FM Satellite Mode Automatic Search Function for FM-Carrier Detection Programming the DSP Section (Audio Baseband Processing) DSP Write Registers: Table and Addresses DSP Read Registers: Table and Addresses DSP Write Registers: Functions and Values Volume Loudspeaker Channel Balance Loudspeaker Channel Bass Loudspeaker Channel Treble Loudspeaker Channel Volume SCART1 Channel Source Modes Channel Matrix Modes SCART Prescale FM/AM Prescale FM Matrix Modes FM Fixed Deemphasis FM Adaptive Deemphasis NICAM Prescale NICAM Deemphasis ACB Register Beeper Identification Mode FM DC Notch Automatic Volume Correction (AVC) Exclusions for the Audio Baseband Features
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MSP 3415D
Contents Page 42 42 42 42 43 43 44 48 50 52 52 53 56 61 64 64 Section 7.5. 7.5.1. 7.5.2. 7.5.3. 8. 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.5.1. 8.5.2. 8.5.3. 9. 10. 11. Title DSP Read Registers: Functions and Values Stereo Detection Register Quasi-Peak Detector DC Level Register Specifications Outline Dimensions Pin Connections and Short Descriptions Pin Configurations Pin Circuits Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions Characteristics Application Circuit Appendix A: MSP 3415D Version History Data Sheet History
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MSP 3415D
Demodulator short programming Autodetection for terrestrial TV-sound standards Precise bit-error rate indication Automatic switching from NICAM to FM/AM or vice versa Improved NICAM synchronization algorithm (as in MSPD) Improved carrier mute algorithm (as in MSPD) Improved AM-demodulation (as in MSPD) Reduction of necessary controlling Less external components 1.2. Unsupported MSP 3410D Functions Equalizer Spatial Effect Pseudo Stereo Loudness 1.3. MSP 3410D Inputs and Outputs not included in the MSP 3415D 2nd IF input 3rd and 4th SCART input 2nd SCART output 2nd SCART DA Headphone output Subwoofer output I2S Interface ADR interface Digital control output pins D_CTR_OUT0/1
Multistandard Sound Processor Release Notes: The hardware description in this document is valid for the MSP 3415D version A1. Revision bars indicate significant changes to the previous edition. 1. Introduction The MSP 3415D is designed as a single-chip Multistandard Sound Processor for applications in analog and digital TV sets, video recorders, and PC-cards. As a shrink down version of the MSP3410D, the MSP 3415D combines all demodulator features of the MSP3410D with less I/O and reduced audio baseband processing. The IC is produced in submicron CMOS technology, combined with high performance digital signal processing. The MSP 3415D is available in a PLCC68, PSDIP64, PSDIP52, and in a PQFP80 package. Note: The MSP 3415D version has reduced control registers and less functional pins. The remaining registers are software compatible to the MSP 3410D. The pinning is compatible to the MSP 3410D. 1.1. MSP 3415D Features Sound IF input No external filters required Stereo baseband input via integrated AD converters Two pairs of DA converters Two carrier FM or NICAM processing AVC: Automatic Volume Correction Bass, treble, volume processing Full SCART in/out matrix without restrictions Improved FM-identification (as in MSPC)
I2C 2
Sound IF 1 MONO IN SCART1 IN SCART2 IN 2 2
2
Loudspeaker OUT
MSP 3415D
2 SCART OUT
Fig. 11: Main I/O Signals MSP 3415D MICRONAS INTERMETALL 5
MSP 3415D
2. Basic Features of the MSP 3415D 2.1. Demodulator and NICAM Decoder Section The MSP 3415D is designed to simultaneously perform digital demodulation and decoding of NICAM-coded TV stereo sound, as well as demodulation of FM or AMmono TV sound. Alternatively, two carrier FM systems according to the German terrestrial specs can be processed with the MSP 3415D. The MSP 3415D facilitates profitable multistandard capability, offering the following advantages: Automatic Gain Control (AGC) for analog input: input range: 0.10 3 Vpp integrated A/D converter for sound-IF input all demodulation and filtering is performed on chip and is individually programmable easy realization of all digital NICAM standards (B/G, I, L and D/K) FM-demodulation of all terrestrial standards (incl. identification decoding) no external filter hardware is required only one crystal clock (18.432 MHz) is necessary high deviation FM-mono mode (max. deviation: approx. ±360 kHz) 2.2. DSP-Section (Audio Baseband Processing) flexible selection of audio sources to be processed performance of terrestrial deemphasis systems (FM, NICAM) digitally performed FM-identification decoding and dematrixing digital baseband processing: volume, bass, treble simple controlling of volume, bass, treble 2.3. Analog Section
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
two selectable analog pairs of audio baseband inputs (= two SCART inputs) input level: 2 V RMS, input impedance: 25 k one selectable analog mono input (i.e. AM sound): input level: 2 V RMS, input impedance: 15 k two high-quality A/D converters, S/N-Ratio: 85 dB 20 Hz to 20 kHz bandwidth for SCART-to-SCARTcopy facilities loudspeaker: one pair of four-fold oversampled D/Aconverters output level per channel: max. 1.4 VRMS output resistance: max. 5 k S/N-ratio: 85 dB at maximum volume max. noise voltage in mute mode: 10 µV (BW: 20 Hz ...16 kHz) one pair of four-fold oversampled D/A converters supplying a pair of SCART-outputs. output level per channel: max. 2 V RMS, output resistance: max. 0.5 k, S/N-Ratio: 85 dB (20 Hz...16 kHz)
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MSP 3415D
In the case of NICAM/FM (AM) mode, there are three different audio channels available: NICAM A, NICAM B, and FM/AM-mono. NICAM A and B may belong either to a stereo or to a dual language transmission. Information about operation mode and about the quality of the NICAM signal can be read by the CCU via the control bus. In the case of low quality (high bit error rate), the CCU may decide to switch to the analog FM/AM-mono sound. Alternatively, an automatic NICAM-FM/AM switching may be applied. 3.2. German 2-Carrier System (DUAL FM System) Since September 1981, stereo and dual sound programs have been transmitted in Germany using the 2-carrier system. Sound transmission consists of the already existing first sound carrier and a second sound carrier additionally containing an identification signal. More details of this standard are given in Tables 31 and 34. For D/K and M-Korea, very similar systems are used.
3. Application Fields of the MSP 3415D In the following sections, a brief overview about the two main TV sound standards, NICAM 728 and German FMStereo, demonstrates the complex requirements of a multistandard audio IC. 3.1. NICAM plus FM/AM-Mono According to the British, Scandinavian, Spanish, and French TV-standards, high-quality stereo sound is transmitted digitally. The systems allow two high-quality digital sound channels to be added to the already existing FM/AM-channel. The sound coding follows the format of the so-called Near Instantaneous Companding System (NICAM 728). Transmission is performed using Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK). Table 32 gives some specifications of the sound coding (NICAM); Table 33 offers an overview of the modulation parameters.
Table 31: TV standards TV-System B/G B/G L I D/K Position of Sound Carrier /MHz 5.5/5.7421875 5.5/5.85 6.5/5.85 6.0/6.552 6.5 /6.2578125 D/K1 6.5/6.7421875 D/K2 6.5/5.85 D/K-NICAM 4.5 4.5/4.724212 6.5 7.02/7.2 Sound Modulation FM-Stereo FM-Mono/NICAM AM-Mono/NICAM FM-Mono/NICAM FM-Stereo FM-Mono/NICAM FM-Mono FM-Stereo FM-Mono FM-Stereo NTSC PAL PAL Color System PAL PAL SECAM-L PAL SECAM-East Country Germany Scandinavia,Spain France UK USSR Hungary USA Korea Europe (ASTRA) Europe (ASTRA)
M M-Korea Satellite Satellite
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MSP 3415D
Table 32: Summary of NICAM 728 sound coding characteristics Characteristics Audio sampling frequency Number of channels Initial resolution Companding characteristics Coding for compressed samples Preemphasis Audio overload level Values 32 kHz 2 14 bit/sample
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near instantaneous, with compression to 10 bits/sample in 32-samples (1 ms) blocks 2's complement CCITT Recommendation J.17 (6.5 dB attenuation at 800 Hz) +12 dBm measured at the unity gain frequency of the preemphasis network (2 kHz)
Table 33: Summary of NICAM 728 sound modulation parameters Specification Carrier frequency of digital sound Transmission rate Type of modulation Spectrum shaping Roll-off Roll off factor 1.0 Carrier frequency of analog sound component Power ratio between vision carrier and analog sound carrier Power ratio between analog and modulated digital sound carrier 6.0 MHz FM mono 10 dB 0.4 5.5 MHz FM mono 13 dB I 6.552 MHz B/G 5.85 MHz L 5.85 MHz 728 kBit/s Differentially encoded quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) by means of Roll-off filters 0.4 6.5 MHz AM mono terrestrial 10 dB cable 16 dB 13 dB 0.4 6.5 MHz FM mono D/K 5.85 MHz
10 dB
7 dB
17 dB
11 dB
Hungary 12 dB
Poland 7 dB
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MSP 3415D
Table 34: Key parameters for B/G, D/K, and M 2-carrier sound system Sound Carriers Carrier FM1 B/G Vision/sound power difference Sound bandwidth Pre-emphasis Frequency deviation Sound Signal Components Mono transmission Stereo transmission Dual sound transmission mono (L+R)/2 language A (L+R)/2 R language B mono (LR)/2 50 µs ±50 kHz D/K 13 dB 40 Hz to 15 kHz 75 µs ±25 kHz 50 µs ±50 kHz 75 µs ±25 kHz M Carrier FM2 B/G D/K 20 dB M
Identification of Transmission Mode on Carrier FM2 Pilot carrier frequency in kHz Type of modulation Modulation depth Modulation frequency 54.6875 AM 50% mono: unmodulated stereo: 117.5 Hz dual: 274.1 Hz 149.9 Hz 276.0 Hz 55.0699
33
34
39 MHz
5
9 MHz According to the mixing characteristics of the Sound-IF mixer, the Sound-IF filter may be omitted.
SAW Filter Sound IF Mixer
Sound IF Filter
Tuner
Loudspeaker
Vision Demodulator
AM Sound
MSP3415D
2 2
Composite Video
SCART Inputs
SCART1 SCART2
SCART1
SCART Output
2
Fig. 31: Typical MSP 3415D application
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MSP 3415D
4. Architecture of the MSP 3415D Fig. 41 shows a simplified block diagram of the IC. Its architecture is split into three main functional blocks: 1. demodulator and NICAM decoder section 2. DSP (digital signal processing) section performing audio baseband processing 3. analog section containing two A/D-converters, four D/A-converters, and SCART-switching facilities.
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
4.1. Demodulator and NICAM Decoder Section 4.1.1. Analog Sound IF Input Section The input pins ANA_IN1+ and ANA_IN offer the possibility to connect sound IF (SIF) sources to the MSP 3415D. The analog-to-digital conversion of the preselected sound IF signal is done by an A/D-converter, whose output can be used to control an analog automatic gain circuit (AGC), providing an optimal level for a wide range of input levels. It is possible to switch between automatic gain control and a fixed (setable) input gain. In the optimal case, the input range of the A/D converter is completely covered by the sound IF source. Some combinations of SAW filters and sound IF mixer ICs, however, show large picture components on their outputs. In this case, filtering is recommended. It was found, that the high pass filters formed by the coupling capacitors at pin ANA_IN1+ (as shown in the application diagram) are sufficient in most cases.
XTAL_IN
XTAL_OUT
Sound IF
ANA_IN1+
Audio PLL
Demodulator & NICAM Decoder
FM1/AM FM2 NICAM A NICAM B
LOUDSPEAKER L LOUDSPEAKER R
D/A D/A
DACM_L
Loudspeaker
DACM_R
IDENT
Mono
MONO_IN
DSP
SC1_IN_L
SCART1
SC1_IN_R
A/D A/D
SCARTL
SCART1_L SCART1_R
D/A D/A
SC1_OUT_L
SCARTR
SCART
SC1_OUT_R
SC2_IN_L
SCART2
SC2_IN_R
SCART Switching Facilities
Fig. 41: Architecture of the MSP 3415D
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MSP 3415D
4.1.3. Lowpass Filtering Block for Mixed Sound IF Signals Data shaping and/or FM bandwidth limitation is performed by a linear phase Finite Impulse Response (FIRfilter). Just like the oscillators' frequency, the filter coefficients are programmable and are written into the IC by the CCU via the control bus. Thus, for example, different NICAM versions can easily be implemented. Two not necessarily different sets of coefficients are required, one for MSP-Ch1 (NICAM or FM2) and one for MSPCh2 (FM1 = FM-mono). In section 6.5.3., several coefficient sets are proposed.
4.1.2. Quadrature Mixers The digital input coming from the integrated A/D converter may contain audio information at a frequency range of theoretically 0 to 9 MHz corresponding to the selected standards. By means of two programmable quadrature mixers, two different audio sources; for example, NICAM and FM-mono, may be shifted into baseband position. In the following, the two main channels are provided to process either: NICAM (MSP-Ch1) and FM/AM mono (MSP-Ch2) simultaneously or, alternatively, FM2 (MSP-Ch1) and FM1 (MSP-Ch2). Two programmable registers, to be divided up into Low and High Part, determine frequency of the oscillator, which corresponds to the frequency of the desired audio carrier. In section 6.2., format and values of the registers are listed.
DCO1 MODE_REG[6] Oscillator FIR1 Phase Differentiator DQPSK Decoder Phase and AM Discrimination NICAM Decoder NICAMA NICAMB
Mixer VREFTOP
Lowpass
Mute
Lowpass
FM2
MSP sound IF channel 1 (MSP-Ch1: FM2, NICAM)
AD_CV[7:1] Amplitude
Carrier Detect Mixer IDENT
ANA_IN1+
AGC
AD
AD_CV[9]
Carrier Detect
ANA_IN-
MSP sound IF channel 2 (MSP-Ch2: FM1, AM)
Mixer Lowpass
Amplitude
Phase and AM Discrimination Phase
Mute Differentiator
Lowpass
FM1/AM
FRAME NICAMA DCO2
Pins Internal signal lines (see fig. 45) DSP Write Registers DCO2 Oscillator
FIR2
MODE_REG[8]
Fig. 42: Demodulator architecture
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MSP 3415D
4.1.4. Phase and AM Discrimination The filtered sound IF signals are demodulated by means of the phase and amplitude discriminator block. On the output, the phase and amplitude is available for further processing. AM signals are derived from the amplitude information, whereas the phase information serves for FM and NICAM (DQPSK) demodulation. 4.1.5. Differentiators FM demodulation is completed by differentiating the phase information output. 4.1.6. Lowpass Signals Filter Block for Demodulated
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4.1.8. FM-Carrier-Mute Function in the Dual Carrier FM Mode To prevent noise effects or FM identification problems in the absence of one of the two FM carriers, the MSP 3415 D offers a carrier detection feature, which must be activated by means of AD_CV[9]. If no FM carrier is available at the MSPD channel 1, the corresponding channel FM2 is muted. If no FM carrier is available at the MSPD channel 2, the corresponding channel FM1 is muted. 4.1.9. DQPSK-Decoder In case of NICAM-mode, the phase samples are decoded according the DQPSK-coding scheme. The output of this block contains the original NICAM-bitstream. 4.1.10. NICAM-Decoder Before any NICAM decoding can start, the MSP must lock to the NICAM frame structure by searching and synchronizing to the so-called Frame Alignment Words (FAW). To reconstruct the original digital sound samples, the NICAM-bitstream has to be descrambled, deinterleaved, and rescaled. Also, bit error detection and correction (concealment) is performed in this NICAM specific block. To facilitate the Central Control Unit CCU to switch the TV-set to the actual sound mode, control information on the NICAM mode and bit error rate are supplied by the the NICAM-Decoder. It can be read out via the I2C-Bus. An automatic switching facility (AUTO_FM) between NICAM and FM/AM reduces the amount of CCU-instructions in case of bad NICAM reception.
The demodulated FM and AM signals are further lowpass filtered and decimated to a final sampling frequency of 32 kHz. The usable bandwidth of the final baseband signals is about 15 kHz. 4.1.7. High Deviation FM Mode By means of MODE_REG [9], the maximum FM-deviation can be extended to approximately ±360 kHz. Since this mode can be applied only for the MSP sound IF channel 2, the corresponding matrices in the baseband processing must be set to sound A. Apart from this, the coefficient sets 380 kHz FIR2 or 500 kHz FIR2 must be chosen for the FIR2. In relation to the normal FM-mode, the audio level of the high-deviation mode is reduced by 6 dB. The FM-prescaler should be adjusted accordingly. In high deviation FM-mode, neither FM-stereo nor FMidentification nor NICAM processing is possible simultaneously.
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MSP 3415D
4.3. DSP-Section (Audio Baseband Processing) All audio baseband functions are performed by digital signal processing (DSP). The DSP functions are grouped into three processing parts: input preprocessing, channel source selection, and channel postprocessing (see Fig. 45 and section 7.). The input preprocessing is intended to prepare the various signals of all input sources in order to form a standardized signal at the input to the channel selector. The signals can be adjusted in volume, are processed with the appropriate deemphasis, and are dematrixed if necessary. Having prepared the signals that way, the channel selector makes it possible to distribute all possible source signals to the desired output channels. All input and output signals can be processed simultaneously with the exception that FM2 cannot be processed at the same time as NICAM. FM-identification and adaptive deemphasis are also not possible simultaneously.
SCART_OUT
4.2. Analog Section 4.2.1. SCART Switching Facilities The analog input and output sections include full matrix switching facilities, which are shown in Fig. 43. The switches are controlled by the ACB bits defined in the audio processing interface (see section 7. Programming the DSP Section).
SCART_IN SC1_IN_L/R SC2_IN_L/R to Audio Baseband Processing (DSP_IN) A D SCARTL/R ACB[5,9,8]
MONO_IN
S1
ACB[6,11,10]
intern. Signal Lines Pins
from Audio Baseband Processing (DSP_OUT) SCART1_L/R D A
SC1_OUT_L/R
All input and output signals can be processed simultaneously. While processing the adaptive deemphasis, no dual carrier stereo (German or Korean) is possible. Identification values are not valid either. 4.3.1. Dual Carrier FM Stereo/Bilingual Detection For the terrestrial dual FM carrier systems, audio information can be transmitted in three modes: Mono, stereo, or bilingual. To obtain information about the current audio operation mode, the MSP 3415D detects the socalled identification signal. Information is supplied via the Stereo Detection Register to an external CCU.
S2
Fig. 43: SCART-Switching Facilities (s. 7.3.15.) Switch positions show the default configuration after Power On Reset. Note: SCART_OUT is undefined after RESET! 4.2.2. Standby Mode If the MSP 3415D is switched off by first pulling STANDBYQ low, and then disconnecting the 5 V, but keeping the 8 V power supply (`Standby'-mode), the switches S1, S2, and S3 (see Fig. 43) maintain their position and function. This facilitates the copying from selected SCART-inputs to SCART-outputs in the TV-set's standby mode. In case of power-on start or starting from standby, the IC switches automatically to the default configuration, shown in Fig. 43. This action takes place after the first I2C transmission into the DSP part. By transmitting the ACB register first, the individual default setting mode of the TV set can be defined.
Stereo Detection Filter IDENT AM Demodulation Bilingual Detection Filter
Level Detect Stereo Detection Register
Level Detect
Fig. 44: Stereo/bilingual detection
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Analog Inputs
SCARTL SCARTR
SCART Prescale
Loudspeaker Channel Matrix
AVC
Bass Treble
Volume Balance
Loudspeaker L Loudspeaker Outputs Loudspeaker R
DC level readout FM1 Beeper FM-Matrix Prescale DC level readout FM2 Channel Souce Select FM1/AM FM2 Demodulated IF Inputs NICAMA NICAMB Deemphasis 50/75 µs FM /AM
SCART1 Channel Matrix
Volume
SCART1_L SCART1_R
SCART Output
Deemphasis J17
NICAM Prescale Quasi peak readout L
NICAMA
Internal signal lines (see Fig. 42 and Fig. 43)
Quasi-Peak Detector Quasi peak readout R
Fig. 45: Audio Baseband Processing (DSP-Firmware)
Table 41: Some examples for recommended channel assignments for demodulator and audio processing part Mode
B/G-Stereo B/G-Bilingual
MSP Sound IFChannel 1
FM2 (5.74 MHz): R FM2 (5.74 MHz): Sound B
MSP Sound IFChannel 2
FM1 (5.5 MHz): (L+R)/2 FM1 (5.5 MHz): Sound A
FMMatrix
B/G Stereo No Matrix
ChannelSelect
Speakers: FM Speakers: FM H. Phone: FM Speakers: NICAM H. Phone: FM Speakers: FM Speakers: FM Speakers: FM H. Phone: FM Speakers: FM H. Phone: FM
Channel Matrix
Stereo Speakers: Sound A H. Phone: Sound B Speakers: Stereo H. Phone: Sound A Sound A Stereo Speakers: Sound A H. Phone: Sound B=C Speakers: Sound A H. Phone: Sound A
NICAM-I-ST/ FM-mono Sat-Mono Sat-Stereo Sat-Bilingual
NICAM (6.552 MHz)
FM (6.0 MHz): mono
No Matrix
not used 7.2 MHz: R 7.38 MHz: Sound C
FM (6.5 MHz): mono 7.02 MHz: L 7.02 MHz: Sound A
No Matrix No Matrix No Matrix
Sat-High Dev. Mode
don't care
6.552 MHz
No Matrix
4.4. Audio PLL and Crystal Specifications The MSP 3415D requires a 18.432 MHz (12 pF, parallel) crystal. The clock supply of the whole system depends on the MSP 3415D operation mode: 1. FM-Stereo, FM-Mono: The system clock runs free on the crystal's 18.432 MHz. 2. NICAM: An integrated clock PLL uses the 364 kHz baud-rate, accomplished in the NICAM demodulator block, to lock the system clock to the bit rate, respectively, 32 kHz sam14
pling rate of the NICAM transmitter. As a result, the whole audio system is supplied with a controlled 18.432 MHz clock. Remark on using the crystal: External capacitors at each crystal pin to ground are required. They are necessary for tuning the open-loop frequency of the internal PLL and for stabilizing the frequency in closed-loop operation. The higher the capacitors, the lower the clock frequency results. The nominal free running frequency should match the center of the tolerance range between 18.433 and 18.431 MHz as closely as possible. MICRONAS INTERMETALL
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MSP 3415D
to Fig. 51: I2C Bus Protocol and section 5.2. Proposal for MSP 3415D I2C Telegrams. Due to the internal architecture of the MSP 3415D the IC cannot react immediately to an I2C request. The typical response time is about 0.3 ms for the DSP processor part and 1 ms for the demodulator part if NICAM processing is active. If the receiver (MSP) can't receive another complete byte of data until it has performed some other function; for example, servicing an internal interrupt, it can hold the clock line I2C_CL LOW to force the transmitter into a wait state. The positions within a transmission where this may happen are indicated by 'Wait' in section 5.1. The maximum Wait-period of the MSP during normal operation mode is less than 1 ms. I2C-Bus error conditions: In case of any internal error, the MSPs wait-period is extended to 1.8 ms. Afterwards, the MSP does not acknowledge (NAK) the device address. The data line will be left HIGH by the MSP and the clock line will be released. The master can then generate a STOP condition to abort the transfer. By means of NAK, the master is able to recognize the error state and to reset the IC via I2C-Bus. While transmitting the reset protocol (s. 5.2.4.) to `CONTROL', the master must ignore the not acknowledge bits (NAK) of the MSP. A general timing diagram of the I2C Bus is shown in Fig. 52.
5. I2C Bus Interface: Device and Subaddresses As a slave receiver, the MSP 3415D can be controlled via I2C bus. Access to internal memory locations is achieved by subaddressing. The demodulator and the DSP processor parts have two separate subaddressing register banks. In order to allow for more MSP 3415D ICs to be connected to the control bus, an ADR_SEL pin has been implemented. With ADR_SEL pulled to high, low, or left open, the MSP 3415D responds to changed device addresses. Thus, three identical devices can be selected. By means of the RESET bit in the CONTROL register, all devices with the same device address are reset. The IC is selected by asserting a special device address in the address part of an I2C transmission. A device address pair is defined as a write address (80 hex, 84 hex, or 88 hex) and a read address (81 hex, 85 hex, or 89 hex). Writing is done by sending the device write address first, followed by the subaddress byte, two address bytes, and two data bytes. For reading, the read address has to be transmitted first by sending the device write address (80 hex, 84 hex, or 88 hex) followed by the subaddress byte and two address bytes. Without sending a stop condition, reading of the addressed data is done by sending the device read address (81 hex, 85 hex, or 89 hex) and reading two bytes of data. Refer
Table 51: I2C Bus Device Addresses ADR_SEL Mode MSP device address Write 80 hex Low Read 81 hex Write 84 hex High Read 85 hex Write 88 hex Left Open Read 89 hex
Table 52: I2C Bus Subaddresses Name CONTROL TEST WR_DEM RD_DEM WR_DSP RD_DSP Binary Value 0000 0000 0000 0001 0001 0000 0001 0001 0001 0010 0001 0011 Hex Value 00 01 10 11 12 13 Mode W W W W W W Function software reset only for internal use write address demodulator read address demodulator write address DSP read address DSP
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MSP 3415D
Table 53: Control Register (Subaddress: 00 hex) Name CONTROL Subaddress 00 hex MSB 1 : RESET 0 : normal 14 0 13..1 0
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
LSB 0
5.1. Protocol Description Write to DSP or Demodulator
S write device address Wait ACK sub-addr ACK addr-byte high ACK addr-byte low ACK data-byte high ACK data-byte low ACK P
Read from DSP or Demodulator
S write device address Wait ACK sub-addr ACK addr-byte high ACK addr-byte low ACK S read device address Wait ACK data-byte high
Write to Control or Test Registers
S write device address Wait ACK sub-addr ACK data-byte high ACK data-byte low ACK P
Note: S = P= ACK = NAK = Wait =
I2C-Bus Start Condition from master I2C-Bus Stop Condition from master Acknowledge-Bit: LOW on I2C_DA from slave (= MSP, grey) or master (= CCU, hatched) Not Acknowledge-Bit: HIGH on I2C_DA from master (= CCU, hatched) to indicate `End of Read' or from MSP indicating internal error state I2C-Clock line held low by the slave (= MSP) while interrupt is serviced (<1.8 ms)
I2C_DA S I2C_CL Fig. 51: I2C bus protocol (Data: MSB first) 16
1 0
P
(MSB first; data must be stable while clock is high)
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ÇÇÇ ÇÇÇ ÇÇÇ ÇÇÇ ÇÇÇ ÇÇÇ
ACK data-byte low NAK P
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP 3415D
FIM I2C_CL TI2C4 TI2C3
TI2C1 I2C_DA as input
TI2C5
TI2C6
TI2C2
TIMOL2 I2C_DA as output
TIMOL1
Fig. 52: I2C bus timing diagram
5.2. Proposal for MSP 3415D I2C Telegrams 5.2.1. Symbols daw dar < > aa dd write device address read device address Start Condition Stop Condition Address Byte Data Byte
5.2.2. Write Telegrams
write to CONTROL register write data into demodulator write data into DSP
5.2.3. Read Telegrams
read data from demodulator read data from DSP
5.2.4. Examples
<80 00 80 00> <80 00 00 00> <80 12 00 08 01 20>
RESET MSP statically clear RESET set loudspeaker channel source to NICAM and Matrix to STEREO
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MSP 3415D
5.3. Start Up Sequence: Power Up and I2C-Controlling After power on or RESET (see Fig. 53), the IC is in an inactive state. The CCU has to transmit the required coefficient set for a given operation via the I2C bus. Initialization should start with the demodulator part. If required for any reason, the audio processing part can be loaded before the demodulator part.
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
DVSUP/V AVSUP/V 4.75
Oscillator
time / ms max. 2
RESETQ 0.45 * DVSUP
time / ms min. 2
time / ms Fig. 53: Power-up sequence
Note: The reset should not reach high level before the oscillator has started. This requires a reset delay of >2 ms
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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP 3415D
6. Programming the Demodulator and NICAM Decoder Section 6.1. Autodetection, Short-Programming, and General Programming of the Demodulator Part The Demodulator Part of the MSP 3415D can be programmed in three different modes: 1. Autodetection for terrestrial TV-Standards (as part of the below Demodulator Short-Programming) provides the most comfortable way to set up the MSPD-demodulator. This feature facilitates within 0.5 s the detection and set-up of the actual TV-sound standard. Since the detected standard is readable by the control processor, the autodetection feature is mainly recommended for the primary set-up of a TV-set: after having determined once the corresponding TV-channels, their sound standards can be stored and later on programmed by the Demodulator Short-Programming (see sections 6.4.1. and 6.6.1.). 2. Demodulator Short-Programming facilitates a comfortable way to set up the demodulator for many terrestrial TV-sound standards with one single I2C-Bus transmission. The coding is listed in section 6.4.1.. If a parameter doesn't coincide with the individual programming concept, it simply can be overwritten by using the General Programming mode. Some bits of the registers AD_CV (see section 6.5.1. ) and MODE_REG (see section 6.5.2. ) are not affected by the short-programming. They must be transmitted once if their reset status does not fit. The Demodulator Short-Programming is not compatible to MSP 3410B and MSP 3400C. 3. General Programming ensures the software compatibility to other MSPs. It offers a very flexible way to apply all of the MSP 3415D demodulator facilities. All registers except 0020hex have to be written with values corresponding to the individual requirements. For satellite applications, with their many variations, this mode must be selected. All transmissions on the control bus are 16 bits wide. However, data for the demodulator part have only 8 or 12 significant bits. These data have to be inserted LSBbound and filled with zero bits into the 16-bit transmission word. Table 41 explains how to assign FM carriers to the MSP-Sound IF channels and the corresponding matrix modes in the audio processing part.
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MSP 3415D
6.2. Demodulator Write Registers: Table and Addresses
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
Table 61: Demodulator Write Registers; Subaddress: 10 hex; these registers are not readable! Demodulator Write Registers Demodulator ShortProgramming AUTO_FM/AM Address (hex) 0020 Function Write into this register to apply Demodulator Short Programming (see section 6.4.1.). If the internal setting coincidences with the individual requirements no more of the remaining Demodulator Write Registers have to be transferred. Only for NICAM: Automatic switching between NICAM and FM/AM in case of bad NICAM reception (see section 6.4.2.)
0021
Write Registers necessary for General Programming Mode only AD_CV MODE_REG FIR1 FIR2 DCO1_LO DCO1_HI DCO2_LO DCO2_HI PLL_CAPS 00BB 0083 0001 0005 0093 009B 00A3 00AB 001F input selection, configuration of AGC, Mute Function and selection of A/D-converter, FM-Carrier-Mute on/off mode register filter coefficients channel 1 (6 8 bit) filter coefficients channel 2 (6 8 bit), + 3 8 bit offset (total 72 bit) increment channel 1 Low Part increment channel 1 High Part increment channel 2 Low Part increment channel 2 High Part switchable PLL capacitors to tune open-loop frequency; to use only if NICAM of MODE_REG = 0 normally not of interest for the customer
6.3. Demodulator Read Registers: Table and Addresses Table 62: Demodulator Read Registers; Subaddress: 11 hex; these registers are not writeable! Demodulator Read Registers Result of Autodetection C_AD_BITS ADD_BITS CIB_BITS ERROR_RATE CONC_CT FAWCT_IST PLL_CAPS AGC_GAIN Address (hex) 007E 0023 0038 003E 0057 0058 0025 021F 021E Function see Table 613 NICAM-Sync bit, NICAM-C-Bits, and three LSBs of additional data bits NICAM: bit [10:3] of additional data bits NICAM: CIB1 and CIB2 control bits NICAM error rate, updated with 182 ms only to be used in MSPB compatibility mode only to be used in MSPB compatibility mode Not for customer use. Not for customer use.
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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP 3415D
6.4. Demodulator Write Registers for Short-Programming: Functions and Values In the following, the functions of some registers are explained and their (default) values are defined: 6.4.1. Demodulator Short-Programming Table 63: MSP 3415D Demodulator Short-Programming Demodulator Short-Programming TV-Sound Standard Description Code (hex) AD_CV2)
(see Table 65)
0020 hex
Internal Setting MODE_ REG2)
(see Table 68)
DCO1 MHz
DCO2 MHz
FIR1/2 -Coefficients
Identification Mode
Autodetection M Dual-FM B/G Dual-FM D/K1 Dual-FM D/K2 Dual-FM
0001 0002 0003 0004 0005 0006/ 0007
Detects and sets one of the standards listed below, if available. Results are to be read out of the demodulator read register "Result of Autodetection" (Section 6.6.1.) AD_CVFM AD_CVFM AD_CVFM AD_CVFM M1 M1 M1 M1 4.72421 5.74218 6.25781 6.74218 4.5 5.5 6.5 6.5 AUTO_ FM/AM s. Table 611: Terrestrial TV-StanT t i l TV St dards Reset, Reset then Standard B/G Reset, then Standard M
reserved for future Dual FM Standards AD_CVFM AD_CVAM AD_CVFM AD_CVFM M2 M3 M2 M2 5.85 5.85 6.552 5.85 5.5 6.5 6.0 6.5 s. Table 611: Terrestrial TV-StanT t i l TV St dards
B/G-NICAM-FM L-NICAM-AM I-NICAM-FM D/K-NICAM-FM
0008 0009 000A 000B >000B
1)
reserved for future NICAM Standards
1) 2)
corresponds to the actual setting of AUTO_FM (Address = 0021 hex) Bits of AD_CV or MODE_REG, which are not affected by the short-programming, must be transmitted separately if their reset status does not fit. Note: All parameters in the DSP section (Audio Baseband Processing), except the identification mode register, are not affected by the Demodulator Short-Programming . They still have to be defined by the control processor.
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MSP 3415D
6.4.2. AUTO_FM/AM: Automatic Switching between NICAM and FM/AM-Mono In case of bad NICAM transmission or loss of the NICAM-carrier, the MSPD offers a comfortable mode to switch back to the FM/AM-mono signal. If automatic switching is active, the MSP internally evaluates the ERROR_RATE. All output channels which are assigned to the NICAM-source are switched back to the FM/AMmono source without any further CCU instruction, if the NICAM-carrier fails or the ERROR_RATE exceeds the definable threshold. Note, that the channel matrix of the corresponding output-channels must be set according to the NICAM-mode and need not be changed in the FM/AM-fall-back case. An appropriate hysteresis algorithm avoids oscillating effects. The MSB of the Register C_AD_BITS (Addr: 0023 hex) informs about the actual NICAM-FM/AM-Status (see section 6.6.2.).
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
There are two possibilities to define the threshold deciding for NICAM or FM/AM-mono (see Table 64): 1. default value of the MSPD (internal threshold=700, i.e. switch to FM/AM if ERROR_RATE > 700) 2. definable by the customer (recommendable range: threshold = 50....2000, i. e. Bits [10:1] = 25...1000). Note: The auto_fm feature is only active if the NICAM-bit of MODE_REG is set. To enable appropriate switching of the channel select matrix of the baseband processing part, the NICAM or FM-identification parameters must be read and evaluated by the CCU. The FM-identification registers are described in section 7.2. To handle the NICAM-sound and to observe the NICAM-quality, at least the registers C_AD_BITS and ERROR_RATE must be read and evaluated by the CCU. Additional data bits and CIB bits, if supplied by the NICAM transmitter, can be obtained by reading the registers ADD_BITS and CIB_BITS.
Table 64: Coding of automatic NICAM-FM/AM switching; reset status: mode 0 Mode Auto_fm [11....0] Addr. = 0021 hex Bit [0] =0 Bits [11...1] = 0 Bit [0] =1 Bit [11:1] = 0 Bit [0] =1 Bit [10:1] = 25...1000 int = threshold/2 Bit [11] =0 Bit [11] = [0] = 1 Bit [10...1]= 0 Selected Sound at the NICAM Channel Select always NICAM Threshold Comment
0. default 1.
none
Compatible to MSP 3410B, i.e. automatic switching is disabled automatic switching with internal threshold automatic switching with external threshold
NICAM or FM/AM, depending on ERROR_RATE NICAM or FM/AM, depending on ERROR_RATE always FM/AM
700 int
2.
set by customer
3.
none
Forced FM-mono mode, i.e. automatic switching is disabled
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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP 3415D
6.5. Demodulator Write Registers for the General Programming Mode: Functions and Values 6.5.1. Register `AD_CV'
Table 65: AD_CV Register; reset status: all bits are "0" AD_CV 00BBhex Bit AD_CV [0] AD_CV [6:1] Meaning not used Reference level in case of Automatic Gain Control = on (see Table 66). Constant gain factor when Automatic Gain Control = off (see Table 67). Determination of Automatic Gain or Constant Gain not used MSP-Carrier-Mute Function 0 = constant gain 1 = automatic gain must be set to 0 0 = off: no mute 1 = on: mute as described in section 4.1. must be set to 0 Settings must be set to 0 Set by Short-Programming AD_CV-FM 0 101000 AD_CV-AM 0 100011
AD_CV [7] AD_CV [8] AD_CV [9]
1 not affected 1
1 not affected 0
AD_CV [1510]
not used
0
0
Table 66: Reference values for active AGC (AD_CV[7] = 1) Application Input Signal Contains AD_CV [6:1] Ref. Value AD_CV [6:1] in integer Range of Input Signal at pin ANA_IN1+ and ANA_IN2+
Terrestrial TV FM-Stereo FM/NICAM AM/NICAM 2 FM Carriers 1 FM and 1 NICAM Carrier 1 AM and 1 NICAM carrier 101000 101000 100011 40 40 35 0.10 3 Vpp1) 0.10 3 Vpp1) 0.10 1.4 Vpp recommended: 0.10 0.8Vpp 0.05 1.0 Vpp 0.10 3 Vpp1)
NICAM only SAT
1 NICAM Carrier only 1 or more FM Carriers
010100 100011
20 35
1) For signals above 1.4 Vpp, the minimum gain of 3 dB is switched, and overflow of the A/D converter may result. Due
to the robustness of the internal processing, the IC works up to and even more than 3 Vpp, if norm conditions of FM/ NICAM or FM1/FM2 ratio are supposed. In this overflow case, a loss of FM-S/N-ratio of about 10 dB may appear. MICRONAS INTERMETALL 23
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Table 67: AD_CV parameters for constant input gain (AD_CV[7]=0) Step 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 AD_CV [6:1] Constant Gain 000000 000001 000010 000011 000100 000101 000110 000111 001000 001001 001010 001011 001100 001101 001110 001111 010000 010001 010010 010011 010100 Gain 3.00 dB 3.85 dB 4.70 dB 5.55 dB 6.40 dB 7.25 dB 8.10 dB 8.95 dB 9.80 dB 10.65 dB 11.50 dB 12.35 dB 13.20 dB 14.05 dB 14.90 dB 15.75 dB 16.60 dB 17.45 dB 18.30 dB 19.15 dB 20.00 dB
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
Input Level at pin ANA_IN1+ and ANA_IN2+ maximum input level: 3 Vpp (FM) or 1 Vpp (NICAM)1)
maximum input level: 0.14 Vpp
1) For signals above 1.4 Vpp, the minimum gain of 3 dB is switched, and overflow of the A/D converter may result. Due to the robustness of the internal processing, the IC works up to and even more than 3 Vpp, if norm conditions of FM/ NICAM or FM1/FM2 ratio are supposed. In this overflow case, a loss of FM-S/N-ratio of about 10 dB may appear.
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MSP 3415D
6.5.2. Register `MODE_REG' The register `MODE_REG' contains the control bits determining the operation mode of the MSP 3415D; Table 68 explains all bit positions.
Table 68: Control word `MODE_REG'; reset status: all bits are "0" MODE_REG 0083hex Bit [0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Function not used not used not used not used not used Audio_CL_OUT Switch Audio_Clock_Output to tri-state Mode of MSP-Ch1 Comment Definition 0 : strongly recommended 1 : recommended ! 1 : recommended ! 0 : strongly recommended 0 : strongly recommended 0 : on 1 : tri-state 0 : FM 1 : Nicam 0 : strongly recommended Mode of MSP-Ch2 High Deviation Mode (channel matrix must be sound A) 0 : FM 1 : AM 0 : normal 1 : high deviation mode 0 : strongly recommended see Table 611 see Table 611 0 : Gain = 6 dB 1 : Gain = 0 dB 0 : use FIR1 1 : use FIR2 0 : strongly recommended Gain for AM Demodulation 0 : 0 dB (default. of MSPB) 1 : 12 dB (recommended) Set by Short-Programming M1 0 X X X X X M2 0 X X X X X M3 0 X X X X X
[6] [7] [8] [9]
NICAM1) not used FM AM HDEV
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0
[11:10] [12] [13] [14] [15]
not used MSP-Ch1 Gain FIR1-Filter Coeff. Set not used AM-Gain
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1
X: not affected by short-programming
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MSP 3415D
Table 69: Channel modes `MODE_REG [6, 8, 9]` NICAM bit[6] 1 1 0 0 FM AM bit[8] 0 1 0 0 HDEV bit[9] 0 0 0 1 MSP-Ch1 NICAM NICAM FM2 :
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP-Ch2 FM1 AM FM1 High Deviation FM
6.5.3. FIR-Parameter The following data values (see Table 610) are to be transferred 8 bits at a time embedded LSB-bound in a 16-bit word. The loading sequences must be obeyed. To change a coefficient set, the complete block FIR1 or FIR2 must be transmitted. Note: For compatibility with MSP 3410B, IMREG1 and IMREG2 have to be transmitted. The value for IMREG1 and IMREG2 is 004. Due to the partitioning to 8-bit units, the values 04hex, 40hex, and 00hex arise.
Table 610: Loading sequence for FIR-coefficients
FIR1 0001hex No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 (MSP-Ch1: NICAM/FM2) Bits 8 8 8 8 8 8 see Table 611 Value
Symbol Name NICAM/FM2_Coeff. (5) NICAM/FM2_Coeff. (4) NICAM/FM2_Coeff. (3) NICAM/FM2_Coeff. (2) NICAM/FM2_Coeff. (1) NICAM/FM2_Coeff. (0)
FIR2 0005hex No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(MSP-Ch2: FM1/AM ) Bits 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 T bl 6 11 see Table 611 Value 04 HEX 40 HEX 00 HEX
Symbol Name IMREG1 IMREG1 / IMREG2 IMREG2 FM/AM_Coef (5) FM/AM_Coef (4) FM/AM_Coef (3) FM/AM_Coef (2) FM/AM_Coef (1) FM/AM_Coef (0)
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MSP 3415D
Table 611: 8-bit FIR-coefficients (decimal integer) for MSP 3415D; reset status: all coefficients are "0"
Coefficients for FIR1 0001hex and FIR2 0005hex FM - Satellite FIR filter corresponds to a bandpass with a bandwidth of B = 130 to 500 kHz
Terrestrial TV-Standards
B fc frequency Autosearch FIR2 1 1 8 2 59 126 0
B/G-, D/KNICAM-FM Coef(i) 0 1 2 3 4 5 MODEREG[12] MODEREG[13] FIR1 2 8 10 10 50 86 0 FIR2 3 18 27 48 66 72
INICAM-FM FIR1 2 4 6 4 40 94 0 FIR2 3 18 27 48 66 72
LNICAM-AM FIR1 2 8 10 10 50 86 0 FIR2 4 12 9 23 79 126
B/G-,D/K-, M-Dual FM FIR2 3 18 27 48 66 72 0
130 kHz FIR2 73 53 64 119 101 127 1
180 kHz FIR2 9 18 28 47 55 64 1
200 kHz FIR2 3 18 27 48 66 72 1
280 kHz FIR2 8 8 4 36 78 107 1
380 kHz FIR2 1 9 16 5 65 123 1
500 kHz FIR2 1 1
8
2 59 126 1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
For compatibility, except for the FIR2-AM and the Autosearch-sets, the FIR-filter programming as used for the MSP 3410B is also possible.
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MSP 3415D
6.5.4. DCO-Registers For a chosen TV standard, a corresponding set of 24-bit registers determining the mixing frequencies of the quadrature mixers, has to be written into the IC. In Table 612, some examples of DCO registers are listed. It is necessary to divide them up into low part and high part. The formula for the calculation of the registers for any chosen IF-Frequency is as follows: INCRdez = int(f/fs 224) with: int f fS = integer function = IF-frequency in MHz = sampling frequency (18.432 MHz)
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
6.6. Demodulator Read Registers: Functions and Values All registers except C_AD_BITs are 8 bit wide. They can be read out of the RAM of the MSP 3415D. All transmissions take place in 16-bit words. The valid 8 bit data are the 8 LSBs of the received data word. To enable appropriate switching of the channel select matrix of the baseband processing part, the NICAM or FM-identification parameters must be read and evaluated by the CCU. The FM-identification registers are described in section 7.2. To handle the NICAM-sound and to observe the NICAM-quality, at least the registers C_AD_BITS and ERROR_RATE must be read and evaluated by the CCU. Additional data bits and CIB bits, if supplied by the NICAM transmitter, can be obtained by reading the registers ADD_BITS and CIB_BITS. Observing the presence and quality of NICAM can be delegated to the MSP 3415D, if the automatic switching feature (AUTO_FM, section 6.4.2.) is applied.
Conversion of INCR into hex-format and separation of the 12-bit low and high parts lead to the required register values (DCO1_HI or _LO for MSP-Ch1, DCO2_HI or LO for MSP-Ch2).
Table 612: DCO registers for the MSP 3415D; reset status: DCO_HI/LO = "0000" DCO1_LO 0093hex, DCO1_HI 009Bhex; DCO2_LO 00A3hex, DCO2_HI 00ABhex Frq. MHz 4.5 5.04 5.5 5.58 5.7421875 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.552 7.02 7.38 DCO_HI/hex 03E8 0460 04C6 04D8 04FC 0535 0561 05A4 05B0 0618 0668 DCO_LO/hex 000 0000 038E 0000 00AA 0555 0C71 071C 0000 0000 0000 5.76 5.85 5.94 6.6 6.65 6.8 7.2 7.56 0500 0514 0528 05BA 05C5 05E7 0640 0690 0000 0000 0000 0AAA 0C71 01C7 0000 0000 Frq. MHz DCO_HI/hex DCO_LO/hex
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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP 3415D
mode. A simple decision can be made between the two D/K FM-stereo standards by setting D/K1 and D/K2 using the short programming mode and checking the identification of both versions (see Table 613). 2. During active autodetect, no I2C-transfers besides reading the autodetect result are recommended. Results exceeding 07FFhex indicate an active autodetect. 3. The results are to be understood as static information, i.e. no evaluation of FM or NICAM identification concerning the dynamic mode (stereo, bilingual, or mono) are done. 4. Before switching to autodetect, the audio processing part should be muted. Do not forget to demute after having received the result.
6.6.1. Autodetect of Terrestrial TV-Audio Standards By means of autodetect, the MSP 3415D offers a simple and fast (<0.5 s) facility to detect the actual TV-audio standard. The algorithm checks for the FM-mono and NICAM carriers of all common TV-Sound Standards. The following notes must be considered when applying the autodetect feature: 1. Since there is no way to distinguish between AM and FM-carrier, a carrier detected at 6.5 MHz is interpreted as an AM-carrier. If video detection results in SECAMEast, the MSPD result "9" of autodetect must be reinterpreted as "Bhex" in case of CAD_BITS[0] = 1, or as "4" or "5" by using the demodulator short programming
Table 613: Result of Autodetection Result of Autodetect Code (Data) hex >07FF 0000 0002 0003 0008 007E hex
Detected TV-Sound Standard Note: After detection the detected standard is set automatically according to Table 63. autodetect still active no TV Sound Standard was detected; select sound standard manually M Dual-FM, even if only FM1 is available B/G Dual-FM, even if only FM1 is available B/G-FM-NICAM, only if NICAM is available L_AM-NICAM, whenever a 6.5 MHz carrier is detected, even if NICAM is not available. If also D/K might be possible a decision has to be made according to the video-mode: Video = SECAM_EAST CAD_BITS[0] = 0 CAD_BITS[0] = 1
0009 Video = SECAM_L > no more activities necessary To be set by means of the short programming mode: D/K1 or D/K2 see section 6.6.1. 000A I-FM-NICAM, even if NICAM is not available D/K-NICAM (standard 000Bhex)
Note: Similar as for the Demodulator Short-Programming the Autodetection does not affect most of the parameters of the DSP section (Audio Baseband Processing): The following exceptions are to be considered: identification mode: Autodetection resets and sets the detected mode Prescale FM/AM & FM matrix and Deemphasis FM are undefined after Autodetection
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MSP 3415D
6.6.2. C_AD_BITS NICAM operation mode control bits and A[2:0] of the additional data bits. Format:
MSB 11 Auto _FM ... ... 7 A[2] C_AD_BITS 0023hex 6 A[1] 5 A[0] 4 C4 3 C3 2 C2 1 C1 LSB 0 S
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
6.6.3. ADD_BITS [10:3] 0038hex Contains the remaining 8 of the 11 additional data bits. The additional data bits are not yet defined by the NICAM 728 system. Format:
MSB 7 A[10] 6 A[9] 5 A[8] ADD_BITS 0038hex 4 A[7] 3 A[6] 2 A[5] 1 A[4] LSB 0 A[3]
Important: "S" = Bit[0] indicates correct NICAM-synchronization (S=1). If S = 0, the MSP 3415D has not yet synchronized correctly to frame and sequence, or has lost synchronization. The remaining read registers are therefore not valid. The MSP 3415D mutes the NICAM output automatically and tries to synchronize again as long as MODE_REG[6] is set. The operation mode is coded by C4-C1 as shown in Table 614. Table 614: NICAM operation modes as defined by the EBU NICAM 728 specification
C4 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 C3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 C1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Operation Mode Stereo sound (NICAMA/B), independent mono sound (FM1) Two independent mono signals (NICAMA, FM1) Three independent mono channels (NICAMA, NICAMB, FM1) Data transmission only; no audio Stereo sound (NICAMA/B), FM1 carries same channel One mono signal (NICAMA). FM1 carries same channel as NICAMA Two independent mono channels (NICAMA, NICAMB). FM1 carries same channel as NICAMA Data transmission only; no audio Unimplemented sound coding option (not yet defined by EBU NICAM 728 specification)
6.6.4. CIB_BITS Cib bits 1 and 2 (see NICAM 728 specifications) Format:
MSB 7 x 6 x 5 x CIB_BITS 003Ehex 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 CIB1 LSB 0 CIB2
6.6.5. ERROR_RATE 0057hex Average error rate of the NICAM reception in a time interval of 182 ms, which should be close to 0.. The initial and maximum value of ERROR_RATE is 2047. This value is also active, if the NICAM bit of MODE_REG is not set. Since the value is achieved by filtering, a certain transition time (appr. 0.5 sec) is unavoidable. Acceptable audio may have error_rates up to a value of 700int. Individual evaluation of this value by the CCU and an appropriate threshold may define the fallback mode from NICAM to FM/AM-mono in case of poor NICAM reception. The bit error rate per second (BER) can be calculated by means of the following formula: BER = ERROR_RATE * 7.8*106 /s If the automatic switching feature (AUTO_FM; section 6.4.2.) is applied, reading of ERROR_RATE can be omitted. 6.6.6. CONC_CT (for compatibility with MSP 3410B) This register contains the actual number of bit errors of the previous 728-bit data frame. Evaluation of CONC_CT is no longer recommended.
1 x
0 1
1 x
1 x
AUTO_FM: monitor bit for the AUTO_FM Status: 0: NICAM source is NICAM 1: NICAM source is FM
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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP 3415D
6.7. Sequences to Transmit Parameters and to Start Processing After having been switched on, the MSP has to be initialized by transmitting the parameters according to the LOAD_SEQ_1/2 of Table 615. The data are immediately active after transmission into the MSP. It is no longer necessary to transmit LOAD_REG_1/2 or LOAD_REG_1 as it was for MSP 3410B. Nevertheless, transmission of LOAD_REG_1/2 or LOAD_REG_1 does no harm. For NICAM operation, the following steps listed in `NICAM_WAIT, _READ and _Check' in Table 615 must be taken. For FM-stereo operation, the evaluation of the identification signal must be performed. For a positive identification check, the MSP 3415D sound channels have to be switched corresponding to the detected operation mode.
6.6.7. FAWCT_IST (for compatibility with MSP3410B) For compatibility with MSP 3410B this value equals 12 as long as NICAM quality is sufficient. It decreases to 0 if NICAM reception gets poor. Evaluation of FAWCT_IST is no longer recommended. 6.6.8. PLL_CAPS It is possible to read out the actual setting of the PLL_CAPS. In standard applications, this register is not of interest for the customer. PLL_CAPS minimum frequency nominal frequency maximum frequency 021Fhex 0111 1111 0101 0110 RESET 0000 0000 7Fhex 56hex 00hex
6.6.9. AGC_GAIN It is possible to read out the actual setting of AGC_GAIN in Automatic Gain Mode. In standard applications, this register is not of interest for the customer. AGC_GAIN max. amplification (20 dB) min. amplification (3 dB) 021Ehex 0001 0100 0000 0000 14hex 00hex
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MSP 3415D
Table 615: Sequences to initialize and start the MSP 3415D
LOAD_SEQ_1/2: General Initialization General Programming Mode Write into MSP 3415D: 1. AD_CV 2. FIR1 3. FIR2 4. MODE_REG 5. DCO1_LO 6. DCO1_HI 7. DCO2_LO 8. DCO2_HI AUDIO PROCESSING INIT
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
Demodulator Short Programming Write into MSP 3415D: For example: Addr: 0020hex, Data 0008hex Alternatively, for terrestrial reception, the autodetect feature can be applied.
Initialization of Audio Baseband Processing section, which may be customer dependant (see section 7.). NICAM_WAIT: Automatic Start of the NICAM-Decoder if Bit[6] of MODE_REG is set to 1 1. Wait at least 0.25 s NICAM_CHECK: Read NICAM specific information and check for presence, operation mode, and quality of NICAM signal. Read out of MSP 3415D: 1. C_AD_BITS 2. CONC_CT or ERROR_RATE; if AUTO_FM is active, reading of CONC_CT or ERROR_RATE can be omitted. Evaluation of C_AD_BITS and CONC_CT or ERROR_RATE in the CCU (see section 6.6.). If necessary, switch the corresponding sound channels within the audio baseband processing section. FM_WAIT: Automatic start of the FM-identification process if Bit[6] of MODE_REG is set to 0. 1. Ident Reset 2. Wait at least 0.5 s FM_IDENT_CHECK: Read FM specific information and check for presence, operation mode, and quality of dual carrier FM. Read out of MSP 3415D: 1. Stereo detection register (DSP register 0018hex, high part) Evaluation of the stereo detection register (see section 7.5.1.) If necessary, switch the corresponding sound channels within the audio baseband processing section LOAD_SEQ_1: Reinitialization of Channel 1 without affecting Channel 2 Write into MSP 3415D: 1. FIR1 2. MODE_REG 3. DCO1_LO 4. DCO1_HI (6 8 bit) (12 bit) (12 bit) Write into MSP 3415D: For example: Addr: 0020hex, Data: 0003hex
PAUSE: Duration of "Pause" determines the repetition rate of the NICAM or the FM_IDENT-check.
Note: If downwards compatibility to the MSP3410B is required, the MSP 3415D may be programmed according to the MSP 3410B data sheet.
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PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
MSP 3415D
6.8.3. Multistandard Including System B/G with NICAM/FM-Mono and German DUAL FM Fig. 63 shows a flow diagram for the CCU software, applied for the MSP 3415D in a TV set, which facilitates all standards according to System B/G. For the instructions used in the diagram, please refer to Table 615. After having switched on the TV-set and having initialized the MSP 3415D (LOAD_SEQ_1/2), FM-mono sound is available. Fig. 63 shows that to check for any stereo or bilingual audio information in channel 1, its parameter should be loaded with NICAM and FM2 parameters, alternately (LOAD_SEQ_1). If successful, the MSP 3415 D must switch to the desired audio mode.
6.8. Software Proposals for Multistandard TV-Sets To familiarize the reader with the programming scheme of the MSP 3415D demodulator part, three examples in the shape of flow diagrams are shown in the following sections. 6.8.1. Multistandard Including System B/G with NICAM/FM-Mono only Fig. 61 shows a flow diagram for the CCU software, applied for the MSP 3415D in a TV set, which facilitates NICAM and FM-mono sound. For the instructions, please refer to Table 615. If the program is changed, resulting in another program within the Scandinavian System B/G, no parameters of the MSP 3415D need be modified. To facilitate the check for NICAM, the CCU has only to continue at the 'NICAM_WAIT' instruction. During the NICAM-identification process, the MSP 3415D must be switched to the FM-mono sound. START LOAD_SEQ_1/2
6.8.4. Satellite Mode Fig. 62 shows the simple flow diagram to be used for the MSP 3415D in a satellite receiver. For FM-mono operation, the corresponding FM carrier should preferably be processed at the MSP-channel 2. START
Channel 1: NICAM Parameter
MSP-Channel 1 FM2-Parameter MSP-Channel 2 FM1-Parameter
Audio Processing Init
Audio Processing Init
NICAM_WAIT
STOP Pause NICAM_CHECK Fig. 62: CCU software flow diagram: SAT-mode 6.8.5. Automatic Search Function for FM-Carrier Detection The AM demodulation ability of the MSP 3415D offers the possibility to calculate the "field strength" of the momentarily selected FM carrier, which can be read out by the CCU. In SAT receivers, this feature can be used to make automatic FM carrier search possible. Therefore, the MSPD has to be switched to AM-mode (MODE_REG[8]), FM-Prescale must be set to 7Fhex=+127dez, and the FM DC notch must be switched off. The sound-IF frequency range must now be "scanned" in the MSPD-channel 2 by means of the programmable quadrature mixer with an appropriate incremental frequency (i.e. 10 kHz). 33
Fig. 61: CCU software flow diagram: Standard B/G/I NICAM/FM mono only 6.8.2. Multistandard Including System I with NICAM/ FM-Mono only This case is identical to the one above. The only difference consists in selecting the UK parameters for DCO1_LO/HI, DCO2_LO/HI, and FIR1.
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MSP 3415D
START LOAD_SEQ_1/2 Channel 1: NICAM Parameter
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
After each incrementation, a field strength value is available at the quasi-peak detector output (quasi-peak detector source must be set to FM), which must be examined for relative maxima by the CCU. This results in either continuing search or switching the MSP 3415D back to FM demodulation mode. During the search process, the FIR2 must be loaded with the coefficient set "AUTOSEARCH", which enables small bandwidth, resulting in appropriate field strength characteristics. The absolute field strength value (can be read out of "quasi peak detector output FM1") also gives information on whether a main FM carrier or a subcarrier was detected, and as a practical consequence, the FM bandwidth (FIR1/2) and the deemphasis (50 µs or adaptive) can be switched automatically. Due to the fact that a constant demodulation frequency offset of a few kHz, leads to a DC-level in the demodulated signal, further fine tuning of the found carrier can be achieved by evaluating the "DC Level Readout FM1". Therefore, the FM DC Notch must be switched on, and the demodulator part must be switched back to FM-demodulation mode. For a detailed description of the automatic search function, please refer to the corresponding MSP 3400C Windows software. Note: The automatic search is still possible by evaluating only the DC Level Readout FM1 (DC Notch On) as it is described with the MSP 3410B, but the above mentioned method is faster. If this DC Level method is applied with the MSP 3415D, it is recommended to set MODE_REG[15] to 1 (AM-Gain= 12 dB) and to use the new Autosearch FIR2 coefficient set as given in Table 611.
Audio Processing Init
NICAM_WAIT
Pause Yes NICAM_CHECK
NICAM ?
No LOAD_SEQ_1 Channel 1: FM2 Parameter
FM_WAIT
Pause FM_ IDENT_CHECK Mono LOAD_SEQ_1 Channel 1: NICAM Parameter
Stereo/Biling.
Fig. 63: CCU software flow diagram: Standard B/G with NICAM or FM stereo
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MSP 3415D
7. Programming the DSP Section (Audio Baseband Processing) 7.1. DSP Write Registers: Table and Addresses Table 71: DSP Write Registers; Subaddress: 12 hex; if necessary these registers are readable as well.
DSP Write Register Volume loudspeaker channel Volume / Mode loudspeaker channel Balance loudspeaker channel [L/R] Balance Mode loudspeaker Bass loudspeaker channel Treble loudspeaker channel Volume SCART1 channel Volume / Mode SCART1 channel Loudspeaker channel source Loudspeaker channel matrix SCART1 channel source SCART1 channel matrix Quasi-peak detector source Quasi-peak detector matrix Prescale SCART Prescale FM/AM FM matrix Deemphasis FM Adaptive Deemphasis FM Prescale NICAM ACB Register (SCART Switching Facilities) Beeper Identification Mode FM DC Notch Automatic Volume Correction 0010hex 0013hex 0014hex 0015hex 0017hex 0029hex 000fhex 000chex 000ahex 0008hex 0002hex 0003hex 0007hex 0001hex Address 0000hex High/ Low H L H L H H H L H L H L H L Adjustable Range, Operational Modes [+12 dB ... 114 dB, MUTE] 1/8 dB Steps, Reduce Volume / Tone Control [0..100 / 100 % and vv][127..0 / 0 dB and vv] [Linear mode / logarithmic mode] [+12 dB ... 12 dB] [+12 dB ... 12 dB] [00hex ... 7Fhex],[+12 dB ... 114 dB, MUTE] [Linear mode / logarithmic mode] [FM/AM, NICAM, SCART] [SOUNDA, SOUNDB, STEREO, MONO] [FM/AM, NICAM, SCART] [SOUNDA, SOUNDB, STEREO, MONO] [FM/AM, NICAM, SCART] Reset Mode MUTE 00hex
100%/100%
linear mode 0 dB 0 dB 00hex linear mode FM/AM SOUNDA FM/AM SOUNDA FM /AM
ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ É É É É ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ É É É É
[SOUNDA, SOUNDB, STEREO, MONO] [00hex ... 7Fhex] [00hex ... 7Fhex] [NO_MAT, GSTEREO, KSTEREO] [OFF, 50 µs, 75 µs, J17] [OFF, WP1] [00hex ... 7Fhex] Bits [15..0] [00hex ... 7Fhex]/[00hex ... 7Fhex] [B/G, M] [ON, OFF] [off, on, decay time] SOUNDA 00hex 00hex NO_MAT 50 µs OFF 00hex 00hex 0/0 B/G ON off 000dhex 000ehex H H L H L H H/L H/L L L H
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MSP 3415D
7.2. DSP Read Registers: Table and Addresses Table 72: DSP Read Registers; Subaddress: 13 hex DSP Read Register Stereo detection register Quasi peak readout left Quasi peak readout right DC level readout FM1/Ch2-L DC level readout FM2/Ch1-R Address 0018hex 0019hex 001ahex 001bhex 001chex High/Low H H&L H&L H&L H&L Output Range [80hex ... 7Fhex] [00hex ... 7FFFhex] [00hex ... 7FFFhex]
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET
8 bit two's complement 16 bit two's complement 16 bit two's complement 16 bit two's complement 16 bit two's complement
[8000hex ... 7FFFhex] [8000hex ... 7FFFhex]
7.3. DSP Write Registers: Functions and Values Write registers are 16 bit wide, whereby the MSB is denoted bit [15]. Transmissions via I2C bus have to take place in 16-bit words. Some of the defined 16-bit words are divided into low [7:0] and high [15:8] byte, or in an other ma