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User Manual
TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope 071-1064-00
This document supports firmware version FV:v1.00 and above.
www.tektronix.com
Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved. Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077 TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
WARRANTY SUMMARY (TDS1000- and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscope)
Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of three (3) years from the date of shipment from an authorized Tektronix distributor. If a product or CRT proves defective within the respective period, Tektronix will provide repair or replacement as described in the complete warranty statement. To arrange for service or obtain a copy of the complete warranty statement, please contact your nearest Tektronix sales and service office. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THIS SUMMARY OR THE APPLICABLE WARRANTY STATEMENT, TEKTRONIX MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL TEKTRONIX BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.
WARRANTY SUMMARY (P2200 Probe)
Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If a product proves defective within the respective period, Tektronix will provide repair or replacement as described in the complete warranty statement. To arrange for service or obtain a copy of the complete warranty statement, please contact your nearest Tektronix sales and service office. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN THIS SUMMARY OR THE APPLICABLE WARRANTY STATEMENT, TEKTRONIX MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL TEKTRONIX BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.
Table of Contents
General Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Help System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product End-of-Life Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contacting Tektronix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Functional Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Probe Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Probe Check Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manual Probe Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Probe Attenuation Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Understanding Oscilloscope Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up the Oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Autoset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saving a Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recalling a Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Default Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slope and Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v vii ix xi xii xiii 1 2 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 16
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Table of Contents
Acquiring Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquisition Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scaling and Positioning Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertical Scale and Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information . . . . Taking Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graticule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operating Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Message Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Menu System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertical Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horizontal Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trigger Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menu and Control Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Application Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taking Simple Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Autoset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taking Automatic Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring Two Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Taking Cursor Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring Ring Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring Ring Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring Pulse Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring Rise Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Signal Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Looking at a Noisy Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Separating the Signal from Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capturing a Single-Shot Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optimizing the Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring Propagation Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17 17 18 18 18 19 24 24 25 25 27 28 31 32 34 35 36 38 39 41 42 42 43 46 48 48 49 50 51 54 54 55 56 57 58
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Table of Contents
Triggering on a Specific Pulse Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggering on a Video Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggering on Video Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Triggering on Video Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using the Window Function to See Waveform Details . . . . Analyzing a Differential Communication Signal . . . . . . . . . . . Viewing Impedance Changes in a Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acquire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Autoset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sine Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Square Wave or Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Default Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Probe Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Save/Recall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trigger Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vertical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Math FFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up the Time-Domain Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying the FFT Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selecting an FFT Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magnifying and Positioning an FFT Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring an FFT Spectrum Using Cursors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60 62 63 64 66 68 70 73 74 79 81 82 83 84 85 86 89 90 93 94 96 96 97 99 110 112 115 116 118 120 124 126
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Table of Contents
TDS2CMA Communications Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installing and Removing an Extension Module . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking Module Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Troubleshooting Module Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sending Screen Data to an External Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up and Testing the RS-232 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transferring Binary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reporting RS-232 I/O Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting Up and Testing the GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Command Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix A: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix B: Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix C: General Care and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix D: Default Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix E: GPIB and RS-232 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
127 127 130 130 131 134 141 141 143 150 151 169 173 175 179 181
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
General Safety Summary
Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures.
To Avoid Fire or Personal Injury
Use Proper Power Cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and certified for the country of use. Connect and Disconnect Properly. Do not connect or disconnect probes or test leads while they are connected to a voltage source. Ground the Product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded. Connect the Probe Properly. The probe ground lead is at ground potential. Do not connect the ground lead to an elevated voltage. Observe All Terminal Ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all ratings and marking on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings information before making connections to the product. Do Not Operate Without Covers. Do not operate this product with covers or panels removed. Use Proper Fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product. Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present. Do Not Operate With Suspected Failures. If you suspect there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel. Provide Proper Ventilation. Refer to the manual's installation instructions for details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.
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General Safety Summary
Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions. Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry.
Safety Terms and Symbols
Terms in This Manual. These terms may appear in this manual:
WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property.
Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product:
DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking. WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking. CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.
Symbols on the Product. These symbols may appear on the product:
Protective Ground (Earth) Terminal
Measurment Ground Terminal
CAUTION Refer to Manual
Measurment Input Terminal
Mains Disconnected OFF (Power)
Mains Connected ON (Power)
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Preface
This manual contains operating information for the TDS1000-Series and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes. The manual consists of the following chapters: H The Getting Started chapter briefly describes features of the oscilloscope and provides installation instructions. H The Understanding Oscilloscope Functions chapter describes basic operations and functions of the oscilloscope: setting up the oscilloscope, triggering, acquiring data, scaling and positioning waveforms, and taking measurements. H The Operating Basics chapter covers operating principles of the oscilloscope. H The Application Examples chapter includes examples of a wide variety of measurements to give you ideas on how to solve your own measurement problems. H The Reference chapter describes the selections or available range of values for each option.
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Preface
H The Math FFT chapter contains detailed information about how to use the Math FFT function. H The TDS2CMA Communications Module chapter describes this optional module and how to set up the RS-232, GPIB, and Centronics ports to use the oscilloscope with external devices, such as printers and computers. H The Appendix A: Specifications chapter includes electrical, environmental, and physical specifications for the oscilloscope, as well as certifications and compliances. H The Appendix B: Accessories chapter briefly describes standard and optional accessories. H The Appendix C: General Care and Cleaning chapter describes how to take care of the oscilloscope. H The Appendix D: Default Setup chapter contains a list of the menus and controls with the default (factory) settings that are recalled when you push the DEFAULT SETUP front-panel button. H The Appendix E: GPIB and RS-232 Interfaces chapter compares the two protocols to help you decide which one to use.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Preface
Help System
The oscilloscope has a Help system with topics that cover all the features of the oscilloscope. You can use the Help system to display several kinds of information: H General information about understanding and using the oscilloscope, such as Using the Menu System. H Information about specific menus and controls, such as the Vertical Position Control. H Advice about problems you may face while using an oscilloscope, such as Reducing Noise. The Help system provides three ways for you to find the information you need: context-sensitive, hyperlinks, and an index. Context-Sensitive The oscilloscope displays information about the last menu displayed on the screen when you push the HELP front-panel button. The HELP SCROLL LED lights under the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to indicate the alternative function of the knob. If the topic uses more than one page, turn the HELP SCROLL knob to move from page to page within the topic.
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Preface
Hyperlinks Most of the help topics contain phrases marked with angle brackets, such as . These are links to other topics. Turn the HELP SCROLL knob to move the highlight from one link to another. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic corresponding to the highlighted link. Push the Back option button to return to the previous topic. Index Push the front- panel HELP button, then push the Index option button. Push the Page Up or Page Down option buttons until you find the index page that contains the topic you want to view. Turn the HELP SCROLL knob to highlight a help topic. Push the Show Topic option button to display the topic. NOTE. Push the Exit option button or any menu button to remove the Help text from the screen and return to displaying waveforms.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Preface
Conventions
This manual uses the following conventions: H Front-panel buttons, knobs and connectors appear in all uppercase letters. For example: HELP, PRINT. H Menu options appear with the first letter of each word in upper case. For example: Peak Detect, Window Zone.
Front-panel buttons and knob labels -- All upper case
Option buttons -- First letter of each word on screen is upper case
NOTE. Option buttons can also be called screen buttons, side-menu buttons, bezel buttons, or soft keys. H The " delimiter separates a series of button pushes. For example, UTILITY " Options " RS-232 means that you push the UTILITY button, then push the Options option button, and then push the RS-232 option button.
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Preface
Product End-of-Life Handling
Components that Contain Mercury. The cold cathode fluorescent tube located in the liquid crystal display backlight contains trace amounts of mercury. When you are ready to reclaim the instrument, you must properly transfer it according to local regulations concerning mercury-containing equipment or ship the instrument to the Tektronix Recycling Operations (RAMS). You can contact Tektronix for the RAMS shipping address and instructions.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Preface
Contacting Tektronix
Phone Address
1-800-833-9200* Tektronix, Inc. Department or name (if known) 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA www.tektronix.com 1-800-833-9200, select option 1*
Web site Sales support Service support Technical support
1-800-833-9200, select option 2*
Email: [email protected] 1-800-833-9200, select option 3* 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Pacific time
*
This phone number is toll free in North America. After office hours, please leave a voice mail message. Outside North America, contact a Tektronix sales office or distributor; see the Tektronix web site for a list of offices.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Getting Started
TDS1000-Series and TDS2000-Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes are small, lightweight, benchtop packages that you can use to take ground-referenced measurements. In addition to the list of general features, this chapter describes how to do the following tasks: H Install your product H Perform a brief functional check H Perform a probe check and compensate probes H Match your probe attenuation factor H Use the self calibration routine NOTE. You can select a language to display on the screen when you power on the oscilloscope. At any time, you can push the UTILITY button, and push the Language option button to select a language.
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Getting Started
General Features
The next table and bulleted list describe the general features.
Model TDS1002 TDS1012 TDS2002 TDS2012 TDS2014 TDS2022 TDS2024 Channels 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 Bandwidth 60 MHz 100 MHz 60 MHz 100 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 200 MHz Sample rate 1.0 GS/s 1.0 GS/s 1.0 GS/s 1.0 GS/s 1.0 GS/s 2.0 GS/s 2.0 GS/s Display Monochrome Monochrome Color Color Color Color Color
H Context-sensitive Help system H Color or monochrome LCD display H Selectable 20 MHz bandwidth limit H 2500 point record length for each channel H Autoset Menu H Probe Check Wizard H Cursors with readouts H Trigger frequency readout H Eleven automatic measurements H Waveform averaging and peak detection
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Getting Started
H Dual time base H Math Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) H Pulse Width trigger capability H Video trigger capability with line-selectable triggering H External trigger H Setup and waveform storage H Variable persistence display H RS-232, GPIB, and Centronics ports with the optional TDS2CMA Communications Extension Module H User interface in ten user-selectable languages
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Getting Started
Installation
Power Cord Use only power cords designed for your oscilloscope. Use a power source that delivers 90 to 264 VACRMS, 45 to 66 Hz. If you have a 400 Hz power source, it must deliver 90 to 132 VACRMS, 360 to 440 Hz. Refer to page 171 for a list of available power cords.
Securing cable
Power cable
Security Loop Use the built-in cable channels to secure both your oscilloscope and extension module to your location.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Getting Started
Functional Check
Perform this quick functional check to verify that your oscilloscope is operating correctly.
ON/OFF button
1. Power on the oscilloscope. Wait until the display shows that all power-on tests passed. Push the DEFAULT SETUP button. The default Probe option attenuation setting is 10X.
PASSED
PROBE COMP
2. Set the switch to 10X on the P2200 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. To do this, align the slot in the probe connector with the key on the CH 1 BNC, push to connect, and twist to the right to lock the probe in place. Connect the probe tip and reference lead to the PROBE COMP connectors. 3. Push the AUTOSET button. Within a few seconds, you should see a square wave in the display of about 5 V peak-to-peak at 1 kHz. Push the CH 1 MENU button twice to remove channel 1, push the CH 2 MENU button to display channel 2, repeat steps 2 and 3. For 4-channel models, repeat for CH 3 and CH 4.
CH 1
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Getting Started
Probe Safety
A guard around the probe body provides a finger barrier for protection from electric shock.
Finger guard
WARNING. To avoid electric shock when using the probe, keep fingers behind the guard on the probe body. To avoid electric shock while using the probe, do not touch metallic portions of the probe head while it is connected to a voltage source. Connect the probe to the oscilloscope and connect the ground terminal to ground before you take any measurements.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Getting Started
Probe Check Wizard
You can use the Probe Check Wizard to quickly verify that your probe is operating properly. The wizard also helps you adjust the probe compensation (usually adjusted with a screw on the probe body or probe connector) and set the Probe option attenuation factor in the vertical menu (for example, the menu that appears when you push the CH 1 MENU button). You should do this each time you connect a probe to an input channel. To use the Probe Check Wizard, push the PROBE CHECK button. If your probe is connected properly, compensated properly, and the Probe entry in the oscilloscope VERTICAL menu is set to match your probe, the oscilloscope will display a PASSED message at the bottom of the screen. Otherwise, the oscilloscope will display directions on the screen to guide you in correcting these problems. NOTE. Probe check is useful for 1X, 10X, and 100X probes; it does not work with the EXT TRIG front-panel BNC. To compensate a probe connected to the EXT TRIG front-panel BNC, follow these steps: 1. Connect the probe to any channel BNC, such as to CH 1. 2. Push the PROBE CHECK button and follow the directions on the screen. 3. After you verify that the probe functions properly and is compensated, connect the probe to the EXT TRIG BNC.
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Getting Started
Manual Probe Compensation
As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can manually perform this adjustment to match your probe to the input channel. 1. Set the Probe option attenuation in the channel menu to 10X. Set the switch to 10X on the P2200 probe and connect the probe to channel 1 on the oscilloscope. If you use the probe hook-tip, ensure a proper connection by firmly inserting the tip onto the probe. 2. Attach the probe tip to the PROBE COMP ~5V connector and the reference lead to the PROBE COMP Ground connector. Display the channel and then push the AUTOSET button. 3. Check the shape of the displayed waveform.
PROBE COMP
AUTOSET button
CH 1
Overcompensated
Undercompensated
Compensated correctly
4. If necessary, adjust your probe. Repeat as necessary.
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Probe Attenuation Setting
Probes are available with various attenuation factors which affect the vertical scale of the signal. The Probe Check function verifies that the Probe attenuation option matches the attenuation of the probe. As an alternative method to Probe Check, you can push a vertical menu button (such as the CH 1 MENU button), and select the Probe option that matches the attenuation factor of your probe. NOTE. The default setting for the Probe option is 10X. Be sure that the Attenuation switch on the P2200 probe matches the Probe option in the oscilloscope. Switch settings are 1X and 10X.
Attenuation switch
NOTE. When the Attenuation switch is set to 1X, the P2200 probe limits the bandwidth of the oscilloscope to 7 MHz. To use the full bandwidth of the oscilloscope, be sure to set the switch to 10X.
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Getting Started
Self Calibration
The self calibration routine lets you optimize the oscilloscope signal path for maximum measurement accuracy. You can run the routine at any time but should always run the routine if the ambient temperature changes by 5_ C or more. To compensate the signal path, disconnect any probes or cables from the front-panel input connectors. Then, push the UTILITY button, select the Do Self Cal option and follow the directions on the screen.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
This chapter contains information on what you need to understand before you use an oscilloscope. To use your oscilloscope effectively, you need to learn about the following oscilloscope functions: H Setting up the oscilloscope H Triggering H Acquiring signals (waveforms) H Scaling and positioning waveforms H Measuring waveforms The figure below shows a block diagram of the various functions of the oscilloscope and their relationship to each other.
Each channel
Vertical: gain and position
Acquire data: mode and time base
Waveform record: 2500 points
Display Computer interface (TDS2CMA)
Ext AC Line
Trigger
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Setting Up the Oscilloscope
You should become familiar with three functions that you may use often when operating your oscilloscope: Autoset, saving a setup, and recalling a setup. Using Autoset The Autoset function obtains a stable waveform display for you. It automatically adjusts the vertical scale, horizontal scale and trigger settings. Autoset also displays several automatic measurements in the graticule area, depending on the signal type. Saving a Setup The oscilloscope saves the current setup if you wait five seconds after the last change before you power off the oscilloscope. The oscilloscope recalls this setup the next time you apply power. You can use the SAVE/RECALL Menu to permanently save up to ten different setups. Recalling a Setup The oscilloscope can recall the last setup before power off, any of your saved setups or the default setup. See page 175.
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Default Setup The oscilloscope is set up for normal operation when it is shipped from the factory. This is the default setup. To recall this setup, push the DEFAULT SETUP button. To view the default settings, refer to Appendix D: Default Setup.
Triggering
The trigger determines when the oscilloscope starts to acquire data and display a waveform. When a trigger is set up properly, the oscilloscope converts unstable displays or blank screens into meaningful waveforms.
Triggered waveform
Untriggered waveforms
For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 36 in the Operating Basics chapter and page 99 in the Reference chapter.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
When you push the RUN/STOP or SINGLE SEQ buttons to start an acquisition, the oscilloscope goes through the following steps: 1. Acquires enough data to fill the portion of the waveform record to the left of the trigger point. This is also called the pretrigger. 2. Continues to acquire data while waiting for the trigger condition to occur. 3. Detects the trigger condition. 4. Continues to acquire data until the waveform record is full. 5. Displays the newly-acquired waveform. NOTE. For Edge and Pulse triggers, the oscilloscope counts the rate at which trigger events occur to determine trigger frequency and displays the frequency in the lower right corner of the screen.
Source You can use the Trigger Source options to select the signal that the oscilloscope uses as a trigger. The source can be any signal connected to a channel BNC, to the EXT TRIG BNC or the AC power line (available only with Edge triggers).
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Types The oscilloscope provides three types of triggers: Edge, Video, and Pulse Width. Modes You can select a Trigger Mode to define how the oscilloscope acquires data when it does not detect a trigger condition. The modes are Auto and Normal. To perform a single sequence acquisition, push the SINGLE SEQ button. Coupling You can use the Trigger Coupling option to determine which part of the signal will pass to the trigger circuit. This can help you attain a stable display of the waveform. To use trigger coupling, push the TRIG MENU button, select an Edge or Pulse trigger, and select a Coupling option. NOTE. Trigger coupling affects only the signal passed to the trigger system. It does not affect the bandwidth or coupling of the signal displayed on the screen. To view the conditioned signal being passed to the trigger circuit, push and hold down the TRIG VIEW button.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Position The horizontal position control establishes the time between the trigger and the screen center. Refer to Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information on page 19 for more information on how to use this control to position the trigger. Slope and Level The Slope and Level controls help to define the trigger. The Slope option (Edge trigger type only) determines whether the oscilloscope finds the trigger point on the rising or the falling edge of a signal. The TRIGGER LEVEL knob controls where on the edge the trigger point occurs.
Rising edge Falling edge
Trigger level can be adjusted vertically
Trigger slope can be rising or falling
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Acquiring Signals
When you acquire a signal, the oscilloscope converts it into a digital form and displays a waveform. The acquisition mode defines how the signal is digitized and the time base setting affects the time span and level of detail in the acquisition. Acquisition Modes There are three acquisition modes: Sample, Peak Detect, and Average.
Sample. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope samples the signal in evenly spaced intervals to construct the waveform. This mode accurately represents signals most of the time.
However, this mode does not acquire rapid variations in the signal that may occur between samples. This can result in aliasing (described on page 20) and may cause narrow pulses to be missed. In these cases, you should use the Peak Detect mode to acquire data.
Peak Detect. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope finds the highest and lowest values of the input signal over each sample interval and uses these values to display the waveform. In this way, the oscilloscope can acquire and display narrow pulses, which may have otherwise been missed in Sample mode. Noise will appear to be higher in this mode. Average. In this acquisition mode, the oscilloscope acquires several waveforms, averages them, and displays the resulting waveform. You can use this mode to reduce random noise.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Time Base The oscilloscope digitizes waveforms by acquiring the value of an input signal at discrete points. The time base allows you to control how often the values are digitized. To adjust the time base to a horizontal scale that suits your purpose, use the SEC/DIV knob.
Scaling and Positioning Waveforms
You can change the display of waveforms by adjusting their scale and position. When you change the scale, the waveform display will increase or decrease in size. When you change the position, the waveform will move up, down, right, or left. The channel reference indicator (located on the left of the graticule) identifies each waveform on the display. The indicator points to the ground level of the waveform record. To view the display area and readouts, refer to page 28. Vertical Scale and Position You can change the vertical position of waveforms by moving them up or down in the display. To compare data, you can align a waveform above another or you can align waveforms on top of each other. You can change the vertical scale of a waveform. The waveform display will contract or expand about the ground level. For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 34 in the Operating Basics chapter and page 112 in the Reference chapter.
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Horizontal Scale and Position; Pretrigger Information You can adjust the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to view waveform data before the trigger, after the trigger, or some of each. When you change the horizontal position of a waveform, you are actually changing the time between the trigger and the center of the display. (This appears to move the waveform to the right or left on the display.) For example, if you want to find the cause of a glitch in your test circuit, you might trigger on the glitch and make the pretrigger period large enough to capture data before the glitch. You can then analyze the pretrigger data and perhaps find the cause of the glitch. You change the horizontal scale of all the waveforms by turning the SEC/DIV knob. For example, you might want to see just one cycle of a waveform to measure the overshoot on its rising edge. The oscilloscope shows the horizontal scale as time per division in the scale readout. Since all active waveforms use the same time base, the oscilloscope only displays one value for all the active channels, except when you use Window Zone. For information on how to use the window function, refer to page 92. For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 35 in the Operating Basics chapter and page 90 in the Reference chapter.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Time Domain Aliasing. Aliasing occurs when the oscilloscope does not sample the signal fast enough to construct an accurate waveform record. When this happens, the oscilloscope displays a waveform with a frequency lower than the actual input waveform, or triggers and displays an unstable waveform.
Actual high-frequency waveform Apparent low-frequency waveform due to aliasing Sampled points
The oscilloscope accurately represents signals, but is limited by the probe bandwidth, the oscilloscope bandwidth, and the sample rate. To avoid aliasing, the oscilloscope must sample the signal more than twice as fast as the highest frequency component of the signal. The highest frequency that the oscilloscope sampling rate can theoretically represent is the Nyquist frequency. The sample rate is called the Nyquist rate, and is twice the Nyquist frequency.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Oscilloscope models with 60 MHz or 100 MHz bandwidth sample at rates up to 1 GS/s. Models with 200 MHz bandwidth sample at rates up to 2 GS/s. In both cases, these maximum sample rates are at least ten times the bandwidth. These high sample rates help reduce the possibility of aliasing. There are several ways to check for aliasing: H Turn the SEC/DIV knob to change the horizontal scale. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing. H Select the Peak Detect acquisition mode (described on page 17). This mode samples the highest and lowest values so that the oscilloscope can detect faster signals. If the shape of the waveform changes drastically, you may have aliasing. H If the trigger frequency is faster than the display information, you may have aliasing or a waveform that crosses the trigger level multiple times. Examining the waveform should allow identifying whether the shape of the signal is going to allow a single trigger crossing per cycle at the selected trigger level. If multiple triggers are likely to occur, select a trigger level that will generate only a single trigger per cycle. If the trigger frequency is still faster than the display indicates, you may have aliasing. If the trigger frequency is slower, this test is not useful. H If the signal you are viewing is also the trigger source, use the graticule or the cursors to estimate the frequency of the displayed waveform. Compare this to the Trigger Frequency readout in the lower right corner of the screen. If they differ by a large amount, you may have aliasing.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
The next table lists the time bases that you should use to avoid aliasing at various frequencies and the respective sample rate. At the fastest SEC/DIV setting, aliasing is not likely to occur due to the bandwidth limitations of the oscilloscope input amplifiers.
Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode Time base (SEC/DIV) 25 to 250.0 ns 500.0 ns 1.0 s 2.5 s 5.0 s 10.0 s 25.0 s 50.0 s 100.0 s 250.0 s 500.0 s Samples per second 1 GS/s or 2 GS/s* 500.0 MS/s 250.0 MS/s 100.0 MS/s 50.0 MS/s 25.0 MS/s 10.0 MS/s 5.0 MS/s 2.5 MS/s 1.0 MS/s 500.0 kS/s Maximum frequency component 200.0 MHz** 200.0 MHz** 125.0 MHz** 50.0 MHz** 25.0 MHz** 12.5 MHz** 5.0 MHz 2.5 MHz 1.25 MHz 500.0 kHz 250.0 kHz
* Depending on the oscilloscope model. ** Bandwidth reduced to 6 MHz with a 1X probe.
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Settings to avoid aliasing in Sample mode (Cont.) Time base (SEC/DIV) 1.0 ms 2.5 ms 5.0 ms 10.0 ms 25.0 ms 50.0 ms 100.0 ms 250.0 ms 500.0 ms 1.0 s 2.5 s 5.0 s 10.0 s 25.0 s 50.0 s Samples per second 250.0 kS/s 100.0 kS/s 50.0 kS/s 25.0 kS/s 10.0 kS/s 5.0 kS/s 2.5 kS/s 1.0 kS/s 500.0 S/s 250.0 S/s 100.0 S/s 50.0 S/s 25.0 S/s 10.0 S/s 5.0 S/s Maximum frequency component 125.0 kHz 50.0 kHz 25.0 kHz 12.5 kHz 5.0 kHz 2.5 kHz 1.25 kHz 500.0 Hz 250.0 Hz 125.0 Hz 50.0 Hz 25.0 Hz 12.5 Hz 5.0 Hz 2.5 Hz
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Taking Measurements
The oscilloscope displays graphs of voltage versus time and can help you to measure the displayed waveform. There are several ways to take measurements. You can use the graticule, the cursors, or an automated measurement. Graticule This method allows you to make a quick, visual estimate. For example, you might look at a waveform amplitude and determine that it is a little more than 100 mV. You can take simple measurements by counting the major and minor graticule divisions involved and multiplying by the scale factor. For example, if you counted five major vertical graticule divisions between the minimum and maximum values of a waveform and knew you had a scale factor of 100 mV/division, then you could easily calculate your peak-to-peak voltage as follows: 5 divisions x 100 mV/division = 500 mV.
Cursor
Cursor
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
Cursors This method allows you to take measurements by moving the cursors, which always appear in pairs, and reading their numeric values from the display readouts. There are two types of cursors: Voltage and Time. When you use cursors, be sure to set the Source to the waveform on the display that you want to measure. To use cursors, push the CURSOR button.
Voltage Cursors. Voltage cursors appear as horizontal lines on the display and measure the vertical parameters. Time Cursors. Time cursors appear as vertical lines on the display and measure the horizontal parameters.
Automatic The MEASURE Menu can take up to five automatic measurements. When you take automatic measurements, the oscilloscope does all the calculating for you. Because the measurements use the waveform record points, they are more accurate than the graticule or cursor measurements. Automatic measurements use readouts to show measurement results. These readouts are updated periodically as the oscilloscope acquires new data. For measurement descriptions, refer to page 94 in the Reference chapter.
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Understanding Oscilloscope Functions
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Operating Basics
The front panel is divided into easy-to-use functional areas. This chapter provides you with a quick overview of the controls and the information displayed on the screen. The next figure shows the front panels for 2-channel and 4-channel models.
2-channel models
4-channel models
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Operating Basics
Display Area
In addition to displaying waveforms, the display is filled with many details about the waveform and the oscilloscope control settings. NOTE. For similar details for the FFT function, refer to page 119.
1
2
Trig'd
3
4
M Pos:-11.30ms
5
6
15
CH1 500mVBW CH2 200mV Default setup recalled
M 500ms
W 100ms
CH1 750mV 1.00000kHz
16
7
8
9
10
11
12 13 14
1. Icon display shows acquisition mode. Sample mode Peak detect mode Average mode
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2. Trigger status indicates the following: Armed. The oscilloscope is acquiring pretrigger data. All triggers are ignored in this state. R Ready. All pretrigger data has been acquired and the oscilloscope is ready to accept a trigger. T Trig'd. The oscilloscope has seen a trigger and is acquiring the posttrigger data. Stop. The oscilloscope has stopped acquiring waveform data. Acq. Complete. The oscilloscope has completed a Single Sequence acquisition. R Auto. The oscilloscope is in auto mode and is acquiring waveforms in the absence of triggers. Scan. The oscilloscope is acquiring and displaying waveform data continuously in scan mode. 3. Marker shows horizontal trigger position. Turn the HORIZONTAL POSITION knob to adjust the position of the marker. 4. Readout shows the time at the center graticule. The trigger time is zero. 5. Marker shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level. 6. On-screen markers show the ground reference points of the displayed waveforms. If there is no marker, the channel is not displayed.
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Operating Basics
7. An arrow icon indicates that the waveform is inverted. 8. Readouts show the vertical scale factors of the channels. 9. A BW icon indicates that the channel is bandwidth limited. 10. Readout shows main time base setting. 11. Readout shows window time base setting if it is in use. 12. Readout shows trigger source used for triggering. 13. Icon shows selected trigger type as follows: - Edge trigger for the rising edge. - Edge trigger for the falling edge. - Video trigger for line sync. - Video trigger for field sync. - Pulse Width trigger, positive polarity. - Pulse Width trigger, negative polarity. 14. Readout shows Edge or Pulse Width trigger level. 15. Display area shows helpful messages; some messages display for only three seconds. If you recall a saved waveform, readout shows information about the reference waveform, such as RefA 1.00V 500µs. 16. Readout shows trigger frequency.
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Operating Basics
Message Area The oscilloscope displays a message area (item number 15 in the previous figure) at the bottom of the screen that conveys the following types of helpful information: H Directions to access another menu, such as when you push the TRIG MENU button: For TRIGGER HOLDOFF, go to HORIZONTAL Menu H Suggestion of what you might want to do next, such as when you push the MEASURE button: Push an option button to change its measurement H Information about the action the oscilloscope performed, such as when you push the DEFAULT SETUP button: Default setup recalled H Information about the waveform, such as when you push the AUTOSET button: Square wave or pulse detected on CH1
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Operating Basics
Using the Menu System
The user interface of TDS1000- and TDS2000-series oscilloscopes was designed for easy access to specialized functions through the menu structure. When you push a front-panel button, the oscilloscope displays the corresponding menu on the right side of the screen. The menu shows the options that are available when you push the unlabeled option buttons directly to the right of the screen. (Some documentation may also refer to the option buttons as screen buttons, side-menu buttons, bezel buttons, or soft keys.) The oscilloscope uses four methods to display menu options: H Page (Submenu) Selection: For some menus, you can use the top option button to choose two or three submenus. Each time you push the top button, the options change. For example, when you push the top button in the SAVE/REC Menu, the oscilloscope cycles through the Setups and Waveforms submenus. H Circular List: The oscilloscope sets the parameter to a different value each time you push the option button. For example, you can push the CH 1 MENU button and then push the top option button to cycle through the Vertical (channel) Coupling options.
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H Action: The oscilloscope displays the type of action that will immediately occur when you push an Action option button. For example, when you push the DISPLAY Menu button and then push the Contrast Increase option button, the oscilloscope changes the contrast immediately. H Radio: The oscilloscope uses a different button for each option. The currently-selected option is highlighted. For example, the oscilloscope displays various acquisition mode options when you push the ACQUIRE Menu button. To select an option, push the corresponding button.
Page Selection Circular List Action Radio
or
or
or
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Operating Basics
Vertical Controls
All models
CH 1, CH 2, CH 3, CH 4, CURSOR 1 and CURSOR 2 POSITION. Positions the waveform vertically. When you display and use cursors, an LED lights to indicate the alternative function of the knobs to move the cursors. CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4 MENU. Displays the vertical menu selections and toggles the display of the channel waveform on and off. VOLTS/DIV (CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4). Selects calibrated scale factors. MATH MENU. Displays waveform math operations menu and can also be used to toggle the math waveform on and off.
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Horizontal Controls
2-channel models
4-channel models
POSITION. Adjusts the horizontal position of all channel and math waveforms. The resolution of this control varies with the time base setting. For information on windows, refer to page 92.
NOTE. To make a large adjustment to the horizontal position, turn the SEC/DIV knob to a larger value, change the horizontal position, and then turn the SEC/DIV knob back to the previous value. When you view help topics, you can use this knob to scroll through links or index entries.
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Operating Basics
HORIZ MENU. Displays the Horizontal Menu. SET TO ZERO. Sets the horizontal position to zero. SEC/DIV. Selects the horizontal time/div (scale factor) for the main or the window time base. When Window Zone is enabled, it changes the width of the window zone by changing the window time base. Refer to page 92 for details about creating and using Window Zone.
Trigger Controls
4-channel models
2-channel models
LEVEL and USER SELECT. When you use an Edge trigger, the primary function of the LEVEL knob is to set the amplitude level the signal must cross to cause an acquisition. You can also use the knob to perform USER SELECT alternative functions. The LED lights below the knob to indicate an alternative function.
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USER SELECT Holdoff Video line number
Description Sets the amount of time before another trigger event can be accepted; refer to Holdoff on page 109 Sets the oscilloscope to a specific line number when the Trigger Type option is set to Video and the Sync option is set to Line Number Sets the width of the pulse when the Trigger Type option is set to Pulse and you select the Set Pulse Wdith option
Pulse width
TRIG MENU. Displays the Trigger Menu. SET TO 50%. The trigger level is set to the vertical midpoint between the peaks of the trigger signal. FORCE TRIG. Completes an acquisition regardless of an adequate trigger signal. This button has no effect if the acquisition is already stopped. TRIG VIEW. Displays the trigger waveform in place of the channel waveform while the TRIG VIEW button is held down. You can use this to see how the trigger settings affect the trigger signal, such as trigger coupling.
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Operating Basics
Menu and Control Buttons
All models
SAVE/RECALL. Displays the Save/Recall Menu for setups and waveforms. MEASURE. Displays the automated measurements menu. ACQUIRE. Displays the Acquire Menu. DISPLAY. Displays the Display Menu. CURSOR. Displays the Cursor Menu. Vertical Position controls adjust cursor position while displaying the Cursor Menu and the cursors are activated. Cursors remain displayed (unless the Type option is set to Off) after leaving the Cursor Menu but are not adjustable. UTILITY. Displays the Utility Menu. HELP. Displays the Help Menu. DEFAULT SETUP. Recalls the factory setup. AUTOSET. Automatically sets the oscilloscope controls to produce a usable display of the input signals. SINGLE SEQ. Acquires a single waveform and then stops. RUN/STOP. Continuously acquires waveforms or stops the acquisition. PRINT. Starts print operations. An extension module with a Centronics, RS-232, or GPIB port is required. Refer to Optional Accessories on page 169.
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Connectors
2-channel models
4-channel models
PROBE COMP. Voltage probe compensation output and ground. Use to electrically match the probe to the oscilloscope input circuit. Refer to page 8. The probe compensation ground and BNC shields connect to earth ground and are considered to be ground terminals
CAUTION. If you connect a voltage source to a ground terminal, you may damage the oscilloscope or the circuit under test. To avoid this, do not connect a voltage source to any ground terminals.
CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 & CH 4. Input connectors for waveform display. EXT TRIG. Input connector for an external trigger source. Use the Trigger Menu to select the Ext or Ext/5 trigger source.
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Application Examples
This section presents a series of application examples. These simplified examples highlight the features of the oscilloscope and give you ideas for using it to solve your own test problems. H Taking simple measurements Using Autoset Using the Measure Menu to take automatic measurements Measuring two signals and calculating gain H Taking cursor measurements Measuring ring frequency and ring amplitude Measuring pulse width Measuring rise time H Analyzing signal detail Looking at a noisy signal Using the average function to separate a signal from noise H Capturing a single-shot signal Optimizing the acquisition H Measuring propagation delay H Triggering on a pulse width H Triggering on a video signal Triggering on video fields and video lines Using the window function to see waveform details H Analyzing a differential communication signal using math functions H Viewing impedance changes in a network using XY mode and persistance
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Application Examples
Taking Simple Measurements
You need to see a signal in a circuit, but you do not know the amplitude or frequency of the signal. You want to quickly display the signal and measure the frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude.
CH 1
Using Autoset To quickly display a signal, follow these steps: 1. Push the CH 1 MENU button and set the Probe option attenuation to 10X. 2. Set the switch to 10X on the P2200 probe.
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Application Examples
3. Connect the channel 1 probe to the signal. 4. Push the AUTOSET button. The oscilloscope sets the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls automatically. If you want to optimize the display of the waveform, you can manually adjust these controls. NOTE. The oscilloscope displays relevant automatic measurements in the waveform area of the screen based on the signal type detected. For oscilloscope-specific descriptions, refer to page 79 in the Reference chapter. Taking Automatic Measurements The oscilloscope can take automatic measurements of most displayed signals. To measure signal frequency, period, and peak-to-peak amplitude, rise time, and positive width, follow these steps: 1. Push the MEASURE button to see the Measure Menu. 2. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears.
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Application Examples
3. Push the Type option button and select Freq. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. NOTE. If a question mark (?) displays in the Value readout, turn the VOLTS/DIV knob for the appropriate channel to increase the sensitivity or change the SEC/DIV setting. 4. Push the Back option button. 5. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears. 6. Push the Type option button and select Period. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. 7. Push the Back option button. 8. Push the middle option button; the Measure 3 Menu appears. 9. Push the Type option button and select Pk-Pk. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. 10. Push the Back option button.
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11. Push the second option button from the bottom; the Measure 4 Menu appears. 12. Push the Type option button and select Rise Time. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. 13. Push the Back option button. 14. Push the bottom option button; the Measure 5 Menu appears. 15. Push the Type option button and select Pos Width. The Value readout displays the measurement and updates. 16. Push the Back option button.
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Application Examples
Measuring Two Signals You are testing a piece of equipment and need to measure the gain of the audio amplifier. You have an audio generator that can inject a test signal at the amplifier input. Connect two oscilloscope channels to the amplifier input and output as shown. Measure both signal levels and use the measurements to calculate the gain.
CH 1 CH 2
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Application Examples
To activate and display the signals connected to channel 1 and to channel 2, follow these steps: 1. If the channels are not displayed, push the CH 1 MENU and CH 2 MENU buttons. 2. Push the AUTOSET button. To select measurements for the two channels, follow these steps: 1. Push the Measure button to see the Measure Menu. 2. Push the top option button; the Measure 1 Menu appears. 3. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 4. Push the Type option button and select Pk-Pk. 5. Push the Back option button. 6. Push the second option button from the top; the Measure 2 Menu appears. 7. Push the Source option button and select CH2. 8. Push the Type option button and select Pk-Pk. 9. Push the Back option button. Read the displayed peak-to-peak amplitudes for both channels. 10. To calculate the amplifier voltage gain, use these equations: output amplitude input amplitude
VoltageGain =
VoltageGain (dB) = 20 x log10(VoltageGain)
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Application Examples
Taking Cursor Measurements
You can use the cursors to quickly take time and voltage measurements on a waveform. Measuring Ring Frequency To measure the ring frequency at the rising edge of a signal, follow these steps: 1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. 2. Push the Type option button and select Time. 3. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 4. Turn the CURSOR 1 knob to place a cursor on the first peak of the ring. 5. Turn the CURSOR 2 knob to place a cursor on the second peak of the ring. You can see the delta time and frequency (the measured ring frequency) in the Cursor Menu.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Application Examples
Measuring Ring Amplitude You measured the ring frequency in the previous example. Now you want to measure the amplitude of the ringing. To measure the amplitude, follow these steps: 1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. 2. Push the Type option button and select Voltage. 3. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 4. Turn the CURSOR 1 knob to place a cursor on the highest peak of the ring. 5. Turn the CURSOR 2 knob to place a cursor on the lowest point of the ring. You can see the following measurements in the Cursor Menu: H The delta voltage (peak-to-peak voltage of the ringing) H The voltage at Cursor 1 H The voltage at Cursor 2
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Application Examples
Measuring Pulse Width You are analyzing a pulse waveform, and you want to know the width of the pulse. To measure the width of a pulse using the time cursors, follow these steps: 1. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. LEDs light under the VERTICAL POSITION knobs to indicate the alternative CURSOR1 and CURSOR2 functions. 2. Push the Source option button and select CH1. 3. Push the Type option button and select Time. 4. Turn the CURSOR 1 knob to place a cursor on the rising edge of the pulse. 5. Turn the CURSOR 2 knob to place the remaining cursor on the falling edge of the pulse. You can see the following measurements in the Cursor Menu: H The time at Cursor 1, relative to the trigger. H The time at Cursor 2, relative to the trigger. H The delta time, which is the pulse width measurement.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Application Examples
NOTE. The Positive Width measurement is available as an automatic measurement in the Measure Menu, described on page 94. The Positive Width measurement also displays when you select the Single-Cycle Square option in the AUTOSET Menu. Refer to page 82.
Measuring Rise Time After measuring the pulse width, you decide that you need to check the rise time of the pulse. Typically, you measure rise time between the 10% and 90% levels of the waveform. To measure the rise time, follow these steps: 1. Turn the SEC/DIV knob to display the rising edge of the waveform.
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Application Examples
2. Turn the VOLTS/DIV and VERTICAL POSITION knobs to set the waveform amplitude to about five divisions. 3. Push the CH 1 MENU button to see the CH1 Menu if it is not displayed. 4. Push the Volts/Div option button and select Fine. 5. Turn the VOLTS/DIV knob to set the waveform amplitude to exactly five divisions. 6. Turn the VERTICAL POSITION knob to center the waveform; position the baseline of the waveform 2.5 divisions below the center graticule. 7. Push the CURSOR button to see the Cursor Menu. 8. Push the Type option button and select Time. 9. Turn the CURSOR 1 knob to place the cursor at the point where the waveform crosses the second graticule line below center screen. This is the 10% level of the waveform.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Application Examples
10. Turn the CURSOR 2 knob to place the second cursor at the point where the waveform crosses the second graticule line above center screen. This is the 90% level of the waveform. 11. The Delta readout in the Cursor Menu is the rise time of the waveform.
5 divisions
NOTE. The Rise Time measurement is available as an automatic measurement in the Measure Menu, described on page 94. The Rise Time measurement also displays when you select the Rising Edge option in the AUTOSET Menu. Refer to page 82.
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Application Examples
Analyzing Signal Detail
You have a noisy signal displayed on the oscilloscope and you need to know more about it. You suspect that the signal contains much more detail than you can now see in the display.
Looking at a Noisy Signal The signal appears noisy and you suspect that noise is causing problems in your circuit. To better analyze the noise, follow these steps: 1. Push the ACQUIRE button to see the Acquire Menu. 2. Push the Peak Detect option button. 3. If necessary, push the DISPLAY button to see the Display Menu. Use the Contrast Increase and Contrast Decrease option buttons to adjust the contrast to see the noise more easily. Peak detect emphasizes noise spikes and glitches in your signal, especially when the time base is set to a slow setting.
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TDS1000/2000-Series Digital Oscilloscope User Manual
Application Examples
Separating the Signal from Noise Now you want to analyze the signal shape and ignore the noise. To reduce random noise in the oscilloscope display