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Caution
Do not exceed the operating input power, voltage, and current
level and signal type appropriate for the instrument being used, refer to
your instrument's Operation Manual.
Electrostatic discharge(ESD) can damage the highly sensitive
microcircuits in your instrument. ESD damage is most likely to occur as
the test fixtures are being connected or disconnected. Protect them from
ESD damage by wearing a grounding strap that provides a high
resistance path to ground. Alternatively, ground yourself to discharge any
static charge built-up by touching the outer shell of any grounded
instrument chassis before touching the test port connectors..
4291B
Safety Summary
When you notice any of the unusual conditions listed below, immediately
terminate operation and disconnect the power cable.
Contact your local Agilent Technologies sales representative or
authorized service company for repair of the instrument. If you continue
to operate without repairing the instrument, there is a potential fire or
shock hazard for the operator.
n Instrument operates abnormally.
n Instrument emits abnormal noise, smell, smoke or a spark-like light
during the operation.
n Instrument generates high temperature or electrical shock during
operation.
n Power cable, plug, or receptacle on instrument is damaged.
n Foreign substance or liquid has fallen into the instrument.
n
n
n
n
n
Agilent 4291B RF Impedance/Material
Analyzer
Operation Manual
Agilent Part No. 04291-90040
Printed in Japan September 2002
Fifth Edition
Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice.
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by
copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be
photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language without
the prior written consent of the Agilent Technologies.
Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.
Component Test PGU-Kobe
1-3-2, Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe-shi,
Hyogo, 651-2241 Japan
Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002
c
Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.
For additional important information about serial numbers, read
\Serial Number" in Appendix A.
Manual Printing History
The manual's printing date and part number indicate its current
edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed.
(Minor corrections and updates that are incorporated at reprint do not
cause the date to change.) The manual part number changes when
extensive technical changes are incorporated.
December 1997 : : : : : : : : : : : First Edition (part number: 04291-90020)
September 1998 : : : : : : : : Second Edition (part number: 04291-90030)
December 1999 : : : : : : : : : : : Third Edition (part number: 04291-90030)
January 2001 : : : : : : : : : : : Fourth Edition (part number: 04291-90030)
September 2002 : : : : : : : : : : Fifth Edition (part number: 04291-90040)
MS-DOS
is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
R
APC-7
is a registered trademark of Bunker Ramo Corporation.
R
iii
Safety Summary The following general safety precautions must be observed during all
phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to
comply with these precautions or with speci c WARNINGS elsewhere
in this manual may impair the protection provided by the equipment.
In addition it violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and
intended use of the instrument.
The Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer's
failure to comply with these requirements.
Note 4291B comply with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION
DEGREE 2 in IEC1010-1. 4291B are INDOOR USE product.
Note LEDs in 4291B are Class 1 in accordance with IEC825-1.
CLASS 1 LED PRODUCT
Ground The Instrument
To avoid electric shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet
must be connected to a safety earth ground by the supplied power
cable with earth blade.
DO NOT Operate In An Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of
ammable gasses or
fumes. Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment
constitutes a de nite safety hazard.
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers. Component
replacement and internal adjustments must be made by quali ed
maintenance personnel. Do not replace components with the power
cable connected. Under certain conditions, dangerous voltages may
exist even with the power cable removed. To avoid injuries, always
disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them.
DO NOT Service Or Adjust Alone
Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person,
capable of rendering rst aid and resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT Substitute Parts Or Modify Instrument
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not
install substitute parts or perform unauthorized modi cations to the
instrument. Return the instrument to a Agilent Technologies Sales and
Service Oce for service and repair to ensure that safety features are
maintained.
iv
Dangerous Procedure Warnings
Warnings , such as the example below, precede potentially dangerous
procedures throughout this manual. Instructions contained in the
warnings must be followed.
Warning Dangerous voltages, capable of causing death, are present in this
instrument. Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and
adjusting this instrument.
Safety Symbols General de nitions of safety symbols used on equipment or in manuals
are listed below.
Instruction manual symbol: the product is marked
with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to
refer to the instruction manual.
Alternating current.
Direct current.
On (Supply).
O (Supply).
In position of push-button switch.
Out position of push-button switch.
Frame (or chassis) terminal. A connection to the
frame (chassis) of the equipment which normally
include all exposed metal structures.
This Warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention
to a procedure, practice, condition or the like, which,
if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result
in injury or death to personnel.
This Caution sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention
to a procedure, practice, condition or the like, which,
if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result
in damage to or destruction of part or all of the
product.
This Note sigh denotes important information. It
calls attention to a procedure, practice, condition or
the like, which is essential to highlight.
Axed to product containing static sensitive devices
use anti-static handling procedures to prevent
electrostatic discharge damage to component.
v
Typeface Conventions
Bold Boldface type is used when a term is de ned.
For example: icons are symbols.
Italics Italic type is used for emphasis and for titles
of manuals and other publications.
Italic type is also used for keyboard entries
when a name or a variable must be typed in
place of the words in italics. For example:
copy lename means to type the word copy,
to type a space, and then to type the name of
a le such as file1.
Computer Computer font is used for on-screen prompts
and messages.
4HARDKEYS5 Labeled keys on the instrument front panel
are enclosed in 4 5.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SOFTKEYS Softkeys located to the right of the LCD are
NNNNN
enclosed in .
vi
Certi cation Agilent Technologies certi es that this product met its published
speci cations at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent
Technologies further certi es that its calibration measurements are
traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institution's calibration
facility, or to the calibration facilities of other International Standards
Organization members.
Warranty This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against
defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from
the date of shipment, except that in the case of certain components
listed in General Information of this manual, the warranty shall
be for the speci ed period. During the warranty period, Agilent
Technologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products that
prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a
service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay
shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies
shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However,
Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products
returned to Agilent Technologies from another country.
Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and rmware
designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will
execute its programming instruction when property installed on that
instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation
of the instrument, or software, or rmware will be uninterrupted or
error free.
Limitation Of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from
improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied
software or interfacing, unauthorized modi cation or misuse,
operation outside the environmental speci cations for the product, or
improper site preparation or maintenance.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. Agilent Technologies
speci cally disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and
tness for a particular purpose.
vii
Exclusive Remedies
The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive
remedies. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for any direct,
indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based
on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.
Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance
agreements are available for Agilent Technologies products.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales
and Service Oce. Addresses are provided at the back of this manual.
viii
How to Use This manual
The Operation Manual describes all functions accessed from the front
panel keys and softkeys. It also provides information on options and
accessories available, and the analyzer features.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 provides overviews of the system and main features of
the analyzer.
Chapter 2 Front and Rear Panel
Chapter 2 shows front and rear panel, test station, and test heads
with descriptions. This chapter also provides the information on
I/O port on the rear panel. The following chapter 3 through 8
provides front keys and softkeys reference. Each key and softkey
are categorized by the key blocks on the front panel keys.
Chapter 3 Active Channel Block
Chapter 3 describes 4Chan 15 or 4Chan 25 keys in the active channel
block, which is used to select channel.
Chapter 4 Entry Block
Chapter 4 describes the Entry Block, which is used to enter
parameter value to the analyzer or to change setting of the
analyzer.
Chapter 5 Measurement Block
Chapter 5 describes 4Meas5, 4Format5, 4Display5, 4Scale Ref5, 4Cal5,
4Bw/Avg5 keys in the measurement block, which is used to corneal
measurement capability of the analyzer. The equivalent circuit
function is also explained in this chapter.
Chapter 6 Stimulus Block
Chapter 6 describes 4Sweep5, 4Source5, 4Trigger5, 4Start5, 4Stop5, 4Center5,
and 4Span5 keys in the Stimulus Block, which is used to control the
stimulus source, sweep functions.
Chapter 7 Marker Block
Chapter 7 describes 4Marker5, 4Search5, 4Marker)5, 4Utility5 keys in the
marker block, which is used to control the marker function.
Chapter 8 Instrument State Block
Chapter 8 describes 4System5, 4Local5, 4Preset5, 4Copy5, 4Save5, and 4Recall5
keys in the Instrument State block. 4System5 key section describes
the capability to control channel-independent system function;
controlling the Agilent Technologies Instrument BASIC capability,
adjusting internal clock, turning beeper on/o, controlling, and
making limit line and executing limit testing. 4Local5 key section
describes the capability to control GPIB, 4Copy5 key section describes
making hard copy of the LCD image or listing measurement value or
the analyzer setting. 4Save5 and 4Recall5 section describes the storage
capability of analyzer and also provides the information on le
structure to be saved in a disk.
ix
Chapter 9 Analyzer Features
Chapter 10 shows analyzer's simpli ed block diagram and explains
the data processing
ow in the analyzer.
Chapter 10 Options and Accessories Available
Chapter 10 provides the information on the options and accessories
available.
Chapter 11 Measurement Basic
Chapter 11 provides basic theory for impedance and material
measurements.
Chapter 12 4291B RF Impedance/Material Analyzer
Speci cations
Chapter 12 provides the speci cation of the 4291B.
Appendix A Manual Changes
Appendix A contains the information required to adept this manual
to earlier version or con gurations of the analyzer than the current
printing date of this manual.
Appendix B Input Range and Default Settings
Appendix B lists input ranges, preset values when 4Preset5 key is
pressed or the analyzer receives *RST command through GPIB, and
power ON default setting.
Appendix C Temperature Coecient Measurement
Appendix C describes a high temperature test head, a high
temperature xture, and temperature coecient measurement
software.
Error Messages
Error messages lists all error messages with an explanations for
each error.
x
Contents
1. Introduction
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Analyzer features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
Front and Rear Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
ACTIVE CHANNEL Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
ENTRY Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
MEASUREMENT Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
STIMULUS Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
MARKER Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
INSTRUMENT STATE Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
2. Front and Rear Panel, Test Station, and Test Heads
Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
1. Front Panel Keys and Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Softkeys that are Joined by Vertical Lines . . . . . 2-2
Softkeys That Toggle On or O . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Softkeys that Show Status Indications in Brackets . 2-2
2. GPIB \REMOTE" Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
3. 4Preset5 . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
4. Test Station Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
5. Floppy Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
6. LINE Switch . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Screen display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
1. Active Channel . . . . . . . . 2-4
2. Measured parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
3. Scale/Div . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
4. Reference Level . . . . . . . . 2-5
5. Marker Data Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
6. Level Monitor, Marker Statistics and Width Value . 2-5
7. Softkey Labels . . . . . . . . 2-5
8. Pass/Fail . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
9. DC BIAS ON notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
10. DC Bias Level . . . . . . . . 2-6
11. Instrument BASIC Status (Run Light) . . . 2-6
12. Stimulus Span/Stop Value . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
13. CW Frequency . . . . . . . . 2-6
14. Stimulus Center/Start Value . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
15. OSC Level . . . . . . . . . 2-6
16. Status Notations . . . . . . . . 2-7
17. Equivalent Circuit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
18. External Reference . . . . . . . 2-7
19. Active Entry Area . . . . . . . 2-8
20. Message Area . . . . . . . . 2-8
21. Title . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Rear Panel Features and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Contents-1
1. External Reference Input . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2. Internal Reference Output . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
3. External Program RUN/CONT Input . . . . . . . . 2-10
4. I/O Port . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
5. Power . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
6 GPIB Interface . . . . . . . . 2-10
7. mini-DIN Keyboard Connector . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
8. External Trigger Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
9. Reference Oven Output (Option 1D5 Only) . . . . . 2-10
10. Video Port . . . . . . . . . 2-10
11. Printer Port . . . . . . . . . 2-10
I/O Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Test Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
1. Cable . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2. Test Fixture Mounting Posts . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
3. Test Fixture Mounting Screws . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
4. Test Head Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
5. Heat Sink . . . . . . . . . 2-14
6. Test Station Mounting Screws . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Test Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
1. Connectors . . . . . . . . . 2-15
2. APC-7
Connector
R . . . . . . . 2-15
3. Knobs . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
High Impedance Measurement Test Head . . . . . . . 2-15
Low Impedance Measurement Test Head (Option 012
only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
High Temperature High Impedance Test Head (Option
013 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
High Temperature Low Impedance Test Head (Option
014 only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
3. Active Channel Block
and 4Chan 25 . .
4Chan 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Active Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Coupling Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Stimulus Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Marker Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
4. Entry Block
Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Terminator Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Knob . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4*5 and 4+5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4Entry O5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4Back Space5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Contents-2
5. Measurement Block
4Meas5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Impedance Measurement Menu . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Complex Impedance Measurement Menu . . . . . . . 5-11
Dual Parameter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Impedance Fixture Menu (No option 002) . . . . . . 5-14
Impedance Fixture Menu (Option 002 only) . . . . . . 5-15
Permittivity Measurement Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-17
Complex Permittivity Measurement Menu (Option 002
only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Dual Parameter Menu (Dielectric Material
Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Dielectric Material Fixture Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-21
Dielectric Material Size Menu (Option 002 only) . . . . 5-22
Permeability Measurement Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-23
Complex Permeability Measurement Menu (Option 002
only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Dual Parameter Menu (Magnetic Material Measurement) 5-26
Magnetic Material Fixture Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-27
Magnetic Material Size Menu (Option 002 only) . . . . 5-29
4Format5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
User Trace Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
4Display5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Display Allocation Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
Data Math Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Equivalent Circuit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40
Adjust Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
Color Adjust Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44
Label Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
Title menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
User Trace Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47
4Scale Ref5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
Scale Reference Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
User Trace Scale Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51
4Bw/Avg5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52
Averaging Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52
4Cal5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-54
Calibration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55
Fixture Compensation Menu (for Impedance
Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-57
Fixture Compensation Menu (for Permittivity
Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-58
Fixture Compensation Menu (for Permeability
Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-59
Calkit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60
cal kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60
Compen Kit Menu (for Impedance Measurement
Fixture) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-62
Compen Kit Menu (for Permittivity Measurement
Fixture) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-64
Port Extension Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-66
Contents-3
6. Stimulus Block
4Sweep5 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Sweep Menu . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
List Menu . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
Segment Menu . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
4Source5 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Source Menu . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
4Trigger5 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Trigger Menu . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
4Start5 4Stop5 4Center5 4Span5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
7. Marker Block
4Marker5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Marker Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Delta mode menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
4Marker)5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Marker! menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
4Search5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Search Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Target Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
Peak Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
Search Range Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15
Widths Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
4Utility5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Utility Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Marker Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Three Types of Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Marker Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
X-axis Value to be Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Stimulus Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Relaxation Time (1/2f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-20
Marker Level Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
OSC level monitor value . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
Continuous/Discrete Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
Marker on the Data Trace or on the Memory Trace . . 7-21
1Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-21
Marker Search Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
Width Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
Width Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
Peak De nition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
Peak De nition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
8. Instrument State Block
4System5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
System Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Instrument BASIC menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Program Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Memory Partition Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
Clock Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Beeper Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Limit Test Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
Limit Line Entry Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
4Local5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Local Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Contents-4
4Preset5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
4Copy5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
Copy Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23
Print Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Copy Limit Test Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Copy List Sweep Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Screen Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29
4Save5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30
Save Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32
De ne Save Data Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-35
Re-Save File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36
Purge File Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
Purge Yes No Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
Initialize Yes No Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38
4Recall5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39
Recall Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39
Limit Line Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40
How Limit Lines are Entered . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40
Turning Limit Lines and Limit Testing On and O . . . 8-41
Segment Entering Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42
Saving the Limit Line Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42
Osetting the Stimulus or Amplitude of the Limit Lines 8-42
Supported Display Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42
Use a Sucient Number of Points or Errors May Occur 8-42
Displaying or Printing Limit Test Data . . . . . . . . 8-42
Results of Printing the Display with Limit Lines ON . . 8-43
GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
What is GPIB? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
How GPIB Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
Talker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
Listener . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45
GPIB Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45
Analyzer GPIB Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45
Bus Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-46
System Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-46
Addressable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-46
Setting Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-47
Saving and Recalling Instrument States and Data . . . . 8-48
Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
Disk Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
Disk Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
Memory disk Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
Copy Files Between the memory disk and the
oppy
Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
File Types and Data Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-48
Data Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-49
Graphics Images (GRAPHICS) . . . . . . . . . . . 8-49
File Type and Data Group Combinations . . . . . . 8-49
File Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-50
Valid Characters for File Names . . . . . . . . . . . 8-50
Suxes (LIF) and Extensions (DOS) . . . . . . . . . 8-50
Auto Recall Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-50
Contents-5
File Structure of Internal Data Arrays File for Binary
Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-51
File Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-51
Data Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-52
File Structure of Internal Data Arrays File for ASCII
File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-56
Status Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-56
Data Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-56
File Structure for Single Channel and Dual Channel . . 8-58
9. Analyzer Features
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Data Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Data Processing Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
AD converter (adc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Digital Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Ratio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Fixed Point Calibration Coecient Arrays and User
De ned Point Calibration Coecient Arrays . . 9-4
Calibration Coecient Interpolation . . . . . . . . 9-4
Calibration Coecient Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Error Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Raw Data Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Port Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Fixture Compensation Coecient Arrays . . . . . . 9-5
Fixed Point Fixture Compensation Coecient Arrays
and User De ned Point Fixture Compensation
Coecient Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Compensation Coecient Interpolation . . . . . . 9-5
Fixture Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Data Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Memory Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Data Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Data Trace Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Memory Trace Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6
10. Options and Accessories
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Options Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Option 001 Add dc bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Option 002 Add material measurement rmware . . . 10-1
Option 011 Delete high impedance test head . . . . . 10-1
Option 012 Add low impedance test head . . . . . . 10-1
Option 013 Add high temperature high impedance test
head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Option 014 Add high temperature low impedance test
head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Option 0BW Add Service Manual . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Option 1D5 Add high stability frequency reference . . 10-2
Option 1A2 Keyboard less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Contents-6
Option 1CM Rack mount kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Option 1CN Handle Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
Option 1CP Rack mount and handle kit . . . . . . . 10-2
Measurement accessories available . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
16191A Side electrode SMD test xture . . . . . . . 10-3
16192A Parallel electrode SMD test xture . . . . . . 10-3
16193A Small side electrode SMD test xture . . . . . 10-3
16194A High temperature component xture . . . . . 10-3
16453A Dielectric material test xture . . . . . . . . 10-3
16454A magnetic material test xture . . . . . . . . 10-3
16091A Coaxial termination xture set . . . . . . . . 10-3
16092A Spring clip test xture . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
16093A/B Binding post test xtures . . . . . . . . . 10-4
16094A Probe test xture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
System accessories available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
System rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
GPIB cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Service Accessories Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
Collet removing tool (Agilent part number 5060-0236) . 10-5
Collet removing tool guide (Agilent part number
04291-21002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
6-Slot collet (Agilent part number 85050-20001) . . . 10-5
11. Impedance Measurement Basics
Impedance parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
_
Impedance (Z) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
_
Admittance (Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
_
Re
ection Coecient (0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
Series and Parallel Circuit Models . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
Parallel-Series Equivalent Circuit Conversion . . . . . 11-6
Selecting Circuit Mode of Capacitance . . . . . . . . 11-7
Small Capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7
Large Capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Selecting Circuit Mode of Inductance . . . . . . . . 11-8
Large Inductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Small Inductance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
Smith Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-10
Calibration Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
OPEN SHORT LOAD Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
Ideal Measurement Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12
General Impedance Measurement Schematic . . . . 11-13
Low Loss Capacitor Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14
Port Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16
Fixture Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
Actual Measuring Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
Residual Parameter Eects . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19
Characteristics of Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Electrical Length of Coaxial Coupling Terminal
Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Elimination of Electrical Length Eects in Test
Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Residual and Stray Parameters of Contact Electrode
Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Contents-7
Elimination of Residual Parameter Eects in Test
Fixture (Fixture Compensation) . . . . . . . . 11-21
Compensation Coecient for Each Compensation . . . 11-22
OPEN Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
SHORT Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22
LOAD Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
OPEN-SHORT Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
OPEN-LOAD Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-24
SHORT-LOAD Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . 11-24
OPEN-SHORT-LOAD Compensation . . . . . . . . 11-24
Permittivity Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-26
Complex Permittivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-26
Characteristics of Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-27
Edge Eect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-27
Residual Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-28
Permeability Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-29
Complex Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-30
Characteristics of the Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . 11-31
Residual Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31
Elimination of Residual Impedance Eects in the Test
Fixture (SHORT Fixture Compensation) . . . . . 11-31
Impedance Parameter Value Displayed for Magnetic
Material Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-32
12. 4291B
RF Impedance/Material Analyzer
Technical
Data
Measurement Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Impedance parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Stimulus Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Frequency Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Source Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
Sweep Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3
Calibration/Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4
Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-5
Speci cation for Option 013 and 014 High Temperature
Test Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Frequency Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Source Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-11
Basic Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-12
Typical Eects of Temperature Drift on Measurement
Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-16
Operation Conditions of the Test Head . . . . . . . . 12-18
Dimensions of High Temperature Test Head . . . . . 12-18
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-19
Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-19
GPIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-19
Printer parallel port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20
General Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20
Input and Output Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . 12-20
Operation Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21
Non-operation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21
Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21
External program Run/Cont input . . . . . . . . . . 12-22
Contents-8
Speci cations for Option 1D5 High Stability Frequency
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-22
Reference Oven Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-22
Supplemental Characteristics for Option 002 Material
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
Measurement Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
Measurement Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
Permittivity parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
Permeability parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
Typical Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . 12-23
Option 002 Material Measurement Accuracy with Option
013 and 014 High Temperature Test Head (Typical) . 12-39
Dielectric Material Measurement Accuracy with High
Temperature Test Head (Typical) . . . . . . . . . 12-39
Typical Eects of Temperature Drift on Dielectric
Material Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . 12-40
Magnetic Material Measurement Accuracy with High
Temperature Test Head (Typical) . . . . . . . . . 12-45
Typical Eects of Temperature Drift on Magnetic
Material Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . 12-46
Furnished Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-51
A. Manual Changes
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Manual Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Serial Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2
B. Input Range and Default Setting
4Meas5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
4Format5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2
4Display5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3
4Scale Ref5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4
4Bw/Avg5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
4Cal5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6
4Cal5 (") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
4Cal5 () . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7
4Sweep5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
4Source5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
4Trigger5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
4Start5, 4Stop5, 4Center5, 4Span5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9
4Marker5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-9
4Marker!5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10
4Search5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10
4Utility5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10
4System5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-11
4Local5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12
4Copy5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12
4Save5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12
Contents-9
C. Option 013, 014 Temperature Coecient Measurement
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Setup and Installation Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
Equipment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
Setting the Test Fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
Fixture Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
Saving Status File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-8
Messages
Index
Contents-10
Figures
1-1. 4291B System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1-2. Test Fixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1-3. Material Test Fixtures for Option 002 . . . . . . . . 1-3
1-4. High Temperature Test Heads and High Temperature
Test Fixtures for Option 013/014 . . . . . . . . . 1-3
2-1. Analyzer Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2-2. Screen Display (Single Channel, Cartesian Format) . . 2-4
2-3. Analyzer Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2-4. Pin Assignment of I/O Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
2-5. Circuit of I/O Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
2-6. Test Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
2-7. Keeping Space Around the Heat Sink . . . . . . . . 2-14
2-8. Dimensions of Test Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
2-9. Test Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
3-1. Active Channel Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
4-1. Entry Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
5-1. Measurement Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5-2. Softkey Menus Accessed from the 4Meas5 Key for
Impedance Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-3. Softkey Menus Accessed from the 4Meas5 Key for
Permittivity Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
5-4. Softkey Menus Accessed from the 4Meas5 Key for
Permeability Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
5-5. Softkey Menus Accessed from the 4Meas5
Key for Impedance Measurement (when
Smith/Polar/Admittance or Complex-Plane Format is
selected) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
5-6. Softkey Menus Accessed from the 4Meas5 Key
for Permittivity Measurement (when
Smith/Polar/Admittance or Complex-Plane Format is
selected) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
5-7. Softkey Menus Accessed from the 4Meas5 Key
for Permeability Measurement (when
Smith/Polar/Admittance or Complex-Plane Format is
selected) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
5-8. Impedance Measurement Menu . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
5-9. Complex Impedance Measurement Menu . . . . . . . 5-11
5-10. Dual Parameter Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
5-11. Impedance Fixture Menu (No option 002) . . . . . . 5-14
5-12. Impedance Fixture Menu (Option 002 only) . . . . . . 5-15
5-13. Permittivity Measurement Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-17
5-14. Complex Permittivity Measurement Menu (Option 002
only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
5-15. Dual Parameter Menu (Dielectric Material
Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
5-16. Dielectric Material Fixture Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-21
Contents-11
5-17. Dielectric Material Size Menu (Option 002 only) . . . . 5-22
5-18. Dielectric Material Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
5-19. Permeability Measurement Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-23
5-20. Complex Permeability Measurement Menu (Option 002
only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
5-21. Dual Parameter Menu (Magnetic Material Measurement) 5-26
5-22. Magnetic Material Fixture Menu (Option 002 only) . . 5-27
5-23. Magnetic Material Size Menu (Option 002 only) . . . . 5-29
5-24. Magnetic Material Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
5-25. Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
5-26. User Trace Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
5-27. Softkey Menu Accessed from 4Display5 Key . . . . . . 5-32
5-28. Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
5-29. Display Allocation Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36
5-30. Display Allocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
5-31. Data Math Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
5-32. Equivalent Circuit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40
5-33. Adjust Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
5-34. Color Adjust Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44
5-35. Label Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
5-36. Title Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
5-37. User Trace Display Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47
5-38. Scale Reference Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
5-39. User Trace Scale Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51
5-40. Averaging Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52
5-41. Softkey Menu Accessed from 4Cal5 key . . . . . . . . 5-54
5-42. Calibration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55
5-43. Fixture Compensation Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-57
5-44. Fixture Compensation Menu (for Permittivity
Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-58
5-45. Fixture Compensation Menu (for Permeability
Measurement) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-59
5-46. Calkit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60
5-47. Calibration Standard Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-61
5-48. Compen Kit Menu (for Impedance Measurement
Fixture) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-62
5-49. Parameters of OPEN, SHORT, and LOAD f