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Training Manual
Basics
Blu Ray Disc
January 2007
Basics of Blu Ray
Theo Heijnen 1/22
Table of Contents
1. Physical Format Blu Ray Disc........................................................................................ 3
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Basic Parameters....................................................................................................... 4
1.3 0.1-mm-thick Cover.................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Dual Layer Disc. ....................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Hard Coating............................................................................................................. 6
1.6 Addressing Method and Tracking Format. ............................................................... 7
1.7 Physical format BR-ROM......................................................................................... 7
2. Audio Visual Application for BD-ROM......................................................................... 8
Introduction..................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Introduction to HDMV Mode. ...................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Core functions........................................................................................................ 8
2.1.1.1 Out of Mux stream Framework....................................................................... 8
2.1.1.2 Graphics Framework....................................................................................... 9
A) Graphics planes.................................................................................................... 10
B) Graphics model .................................................................................................... 10
C) Graphics animations............................................................................................. 11
2.1.1.3 Text Subtitle Framework .................................................................................. 12
2.1.1.4 Interactivity Framework.................................................................................... 15
1 Pop-Up Menus ....................................................................................................... 15
2 Always On Menus.................................................................................................. 15
3 Multi Page Menus .................................................................................................. 16
4 Button enabling and disabling ............................................................................... 16
3.1 Introduction to BD-J mode. ........................................................................................ 18
3.2 Core Functions ........................................................................................................ 18
3.2.1 Application Execution / Management ............................................................. 18
3.2.2 GUI framework and User Interface ................................................................. 19
3.2.3 Device model & functions like HAVi ............................................................. 19
3.2.4 AV Playback and Navigation and Subtitle/Audio Language Control ............. 19
3.2.5 Other (static) content format functions (Graphics, Text, Audio Clips) ........... 20
3.2.6 Access control, security scheme, application authentication scheme.............. 20
3.2.7 Internet Connectivity & Download of New Contents/Applications ................ 20
3.2.8 System/Local Storage ...................................................................................... 20
3.2.9 Binding scheme for on-the-disc and off-the-disc content................................ 21
Basics of Blu Ray
Theo Heijnen 2/22
1. Physical Format Blu Ray Disc.
1.1 Introduction.
Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name of a next-generation optical disc format
jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of the world's leading consumer
electronics, personal computer and media manufacturers (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC,
LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson). The
format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD),
as well as storing large amounts of data.
Figure 1
The standards for 12-cm optical discs, CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray rewritable discs (BD-RE
Standard) were established in 1982, 1996, and 2002, respectively. The recording capacity
required by applications was the important issue when these standards were decided. The
requirement for CDs was 74 minutes of recording 2-channel audio signals and a capacity of about
800 MB. For DVDs, the requirement as a video disc was the recording of a movie with a length of
two hours and fifteen minutes using the SD (Standard Definition) with MPEG-2 compression. The
capacity was determined to be 4.7 GB considering the balance with image quality.
In the case of the Blu-ray Disc, abbreviated as BD hereafter, a recording of an HDTV digital
broadcast greater than two hours is needed since the BS digital broadcast started in 2000 and
terrestrial digital broadcast has begun in 2003.
Basics of Blu Ray
Theo Heijnen 3/22
Video Bit Rate Audio Bit Rate Lang/ Required
Length
x high=qualit
y + Length
x high=quality
x Tracks
= Capacity
Average
Film: 135 min x 15 Mbps + 135 min x 3 Mbps x 3 Tracks = 24.3GB
(pristine picture quality) (high quality)
Lord of the
Rings: Return
of the King:
250 min +
x 15picture quality)
Mbps 250 min x 3 Mbps x 3 Tracks = 45GB
(pristine (high quality)
This example indicates that high bitrates (to obtain good picture quality) lead to disc capacity of
25 GB per disc or per layer.
1.2 Basic Parameters.
To come to a disc with high capacity it is necessary to know the basic parameters.
In principle, the recording capacity of an optical disc is determined by the spot size, which is
proportional to the light-source wavelength and inversely proportional to the numerical aperture
(NA) of objective lens. The capacity, which is in inverse proportion to the square of spot size, can
be expressed as follows:
Capacity ( / NA)2
To increase the capacity is possible by decreasing the wavelength
and increasing the NA. Decreasing the wavelength is possible by
using a GaN laser diode that provides a wavelength of 405 nm. A
DVD with 650 nm wavelength and 0,6 NA can be increased 2.5
times by decreasing the wavelength to 405 nm. The capacity
increases to max. 15 GB. (The HD-DVD uses this technology).
Increasing the NA to 0,85 the capacity of a DVD can be increased
five times.
Blu-ray Disc provides approximately 25 GB recording capacity.
Figure 3
Figure 2
The Blu-ray Disc system has the following three basic parameters: