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Keysight Technologies
Millimeter Wave Technology
and Test Instrumentation for
V-E Band Applications
Application Brief
02 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Technology and Test Instrumentation for V-E Band Applications - Application Brief
Situation analysis
As users increasingly access the internet from mobile devices and
use high-bandwidth services like high-definition video streaming,
high-quality video conferencing, audio video downloads, and gaming,
the demand for faster wireless broadband connections is growing.
These applications have raised end-user expectations for network
performance, which has contributed to the evolution of LTE networks
and heightened the need to enlarge the capacity for backhauling data
from base stations to the core network of carriers.
To increase the data throughput capacity, high data rate (> 1 Gb/s)
communication links are necessary. One emerging solution is to use
wireless backhaul in the E-band. There is 10 GHz of bandwidth available
in E-Band: 71 to 76 GHz and 81 to 86 GHz. There are other application
fields available around the unlicensed 60 GHz band, such as WiGig
(WiFi), and the planned 57 to 64 GHz band for short distance backhaul
for the impending small cell telecommunication network.
The latest semiconductor materials and new technologies have
produced new transceivers that have made it feasible to better leverage
these bandwidths. For example, Infineon's B7HF200 SiGeC bipolar
technology with a transceiver family covering 57 to 64 GHz (BGT60), 71
to 76 GHz (BGT70), and 81 to 86 GHz (BGT80) bands. Figure 1 shows a
schematic of how the Infineon BGT70 and BGT80 transceivers can be
used in mobile communication backhaul applications.
03 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Technology and Test Instrumentation for V-E Band Applications - Application Brief
Full duplex system in FDD
Base station A Base station B
BGT 70 BGT 70
I/F I/Q I/F I/Q
downconversion Rx On Tx On downconversion
BGT 80 BGT 80 I/F I/Q
I/F I/Q
upconversion upconversion
Tx On Rx On
Figure 1: Typical application scenario in Mobile Backhauling using mmWave point-to-point link (can also
be a TDD system).
These advances in mmWave technology are triggering a trend of shifting from using traditional
backhaul such as optical and microwave links, to mmWave point-to-point links, which have the
added benefits of providing network operators with price and performance advantages over the
long term.
A block diagram of the BGT80 is illustrated in Figure 2. To evaluate the quality of the three
main parts of these communication links (the transmitter, signal path, and receiver), mmWave
devices like the BGT80 must be tested using the proper test and measurement instruments.
This paper shows how using the Keysight Technologies, Inc. M8190A wideband arbitrary wave-
form generator and high-performance Infiniium Series oscilloscopes with the 86901B vector
signal analysis software provides the necessary signal generation, signal path emulation, and
analyzer capabilities.
SPI control
interface
I Mode
Differential Tx conversion
Tx antenna
IF interace (Tx) Q
BGT80
Differential I
Rx Mode Rx antenna
IF interace (Rx) conversion
Q
Divider External Vtune to
output PLL VCO
Figure 2: Block Diagram of Infineon's BGT80 (81-86GHz) Transceiver chipset
04 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Technology and Test Instrumentation for V-E Band Applications - Application Brief
BGT80 evaluation board
BGT80 is a highly integrated (eWLB) E-Band transceiver chip with excellent phase noise per-
formance. It has an integrated temperature sensor, power detectors, and an easy-to-use serial
peripheral interface (SPI) interface for power control, mode switching (Tx or Rx), and calibration.
The integrated power detectors enable power control in a feedback loop, as well as LO rejection
and image calibration. Infineon's BGT80e evaluation board, as shown in Figure 3, provides all
the interfaces needed to make quick link testing and has an on-board phase-locked loop (PLL).
Table 1 highlights the performance specifications of these Infineon devices at the chip level.
IF Rx
Ix, I, Qx, Q IF Tx
(from left) Qx, Q, Ix, I
(from left)
VCO divider Rx Tx
output
Can be used to monitor
PLL or use external PLL
Vtune for VCO DC header
Provides the possibility
Provides Vcc,
to use external PLL
Vcc for VCO & Vcc for
internal temperature
SPI and sensor sensor.
interface All are independent
from each other
Figure 3: BGT80 Evaluation board used in link testing.
BGT80 (81-86GHz) transmitter specification
Saturated output power 12 dBM
Phase noise @ 100kHz/1MHz offset <-80/-100 dBc/Hz
Output IP3 20 dBm
Noise floor at Tx output -130 dBm/Hz
Power consumption in Tx mode 1.5 W
BGT80 (81-86GHz) receiver specification
Conversion gain 20 dB
Input 1dB compression point -15 dBm
Noise figure DSB 9 dB
Power consumption in Rx mode 1.1 W
Table 1: Infineon BGT80 Transceiver Performance Specifications.
05 | Keysight | Millimeter Wave Technology and Test Instrumentation for V-E Band Applications - Application Brief
Test requirements and solution proposals
Using the BGT80 evaluation board, along with the Keysight M8190A AWG and Infiniium oscil-
loscope, the evaluation of BGT70/BGT80 transceivers is easy.
Testing a transceiver device requires a simulated transmitter and/or a simulated receiver.
Ideally both should be flexible enough to generate real world distortions on the source side
and compensate for them on the sink side. With the Keysight M8190A high performance
arbitrary waveform generator working at 12 bit and 12 GSa/s or at 14 bit and 8 GSa/s, users
have the ability to create these types of waveforms to use as a test source.
On the analyzer side, Keysight offers a broad portfolio of Infiniium series oscilloscopes which
support up to 63 GHz of real time frequency bandwidth.
The test solution also includes software consisting of MATLAB