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PICAL INPUT
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at *1 DRtVÉte gTi es
re WÉò tN ALL Art-tpr-rFrÉRs f tttcLuoes
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THE SOI'ND LEVEL METER
Noise Levcl
Sourcc or Description of Noise in Decibcls
Tbresbold of Pain r30
llenmer Blows on Stccl Plare 2 ft. ll4
Rivetcr 35 ft. 97
7-passcager ssdrn 63f E7
Frctory 78
Bu.sy strect trz6c 68
l:rge o6cc 65
OrdiDary coovcrsation 3ft. 65
lergc storc 63
Factory o6e 63
Medium storc 62
Restauraot 60
Residcutial smct 58
Mcdium o6ce 58
Guage 55
Small storc 52
Tbeatre (with audicnce) 42
Hotel a
Apartmcnt u
House, large city &
House, country 30
Average whisper 4ft. 20
Quiet whisper 5 ft. l0
Rustle of Ieaves in gentle breeze 10
Thrcshold of hcaring 0
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DECIBEL TABLE
Yoltage Voltage
Ratio Power Ratio Power
(Equal Ratio db (Equal Ratio
Impedance) + Impedance)
1.000 1.000 0 1.000 1,000
0.989 o.977 0.1 l.ol2 t.o23
o.977 0.955 0.2 t.o23 1.o47
0.966 0.933 0.3 r.035 1.o72
0.955 0.912 0.4 r.M7 1.096
0.944 0.891 0.5 r.059 L.122
0.933 0.871 0.6 1.o72 1.148
o,923 0,851 o.l 1.084 1.r75
o.9t2 0.832 0.8 1.096 t.202
0.902 0.813 0.9 l.l09 1.230
0.891 o.794 1.0 1.122 1.259
0.841 0.708 1.5 1.189 1.413
o.794 0.631 2.O t.2s9 1.585
0.750 o.s62 2.5 1.334 t.77A
0.708 0.501 3.0 1.413 1.995
0.668 o.447 3.5 1.496 2,239
0.631 0.398 4.0 r.585 2,5L2
0.596 0.355 4.5 1.679 2.818
0.562 0.316 5.0 1.778 3,162
0.531 o.2a2 5.5 1.884 s.548
0.501 o.251 6.0 r.995 3.981
o.473 o.224 6.5 2.t13 4.467
o.447 0.200 7.0 2.239 5.O12
o.422 0.178 7.3 2.37t 5.623
0.398 0.159 8.0 2.512 6.310
0.376 0.141 8.5 2.661 7.O79
0.355 o.126 9.0 2.818 7.943
0.335 o.lt2 9.5 2.985 8.913
0.316 0.r00 l0 3,t62 l0.oo
o.282 o-o794 ll 3.55 t2.6
o.25r 0.0631 t2 3.98 r5.9
o.224 0.0501 l3 4.47 20.o
0.200 0.0398 t4 5.0r 25.1
0.r78 o.o3l6 l5 5.62 31.6
0.159 0.025r l6 6.31 39.8
0.r41 o.0200 t7 7.08 50.r
o.t26 o.ot59 l8 7.94 63.1
o.tL2 o.ol26 t9 8.91 79.4
0.loo 0.otoo 20 10.00 100.0
3.l6xl0-, l0-r 30 3.l6rl0 10t
lor 10-. ,40 10, lo.
3.l6rl0-r 10-É 50 3.l6rl0r 10É
l0-r lG. 60 l0t 106
3.16x10-. IG' 70 3.16110, 107
l0-l 10-E 80 lo. 10E
3.l6rl0-o lo-e 90 3.l6xl0' 100
l0-! l0-r0 100 l0r l0r0
3.l6rl0-t 10-1r ll0 3.161105 l0u
l0-6 l0-r1 t20 103 lort
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osctIoGRAMs
qr ìrtl--, VTL
reL
tT-t-
EXAgIÉRATED DÉ.Aw,NqS !
LE(Ért»: @ 7..- yf* s.tua-e.-w&v+ t ,n "t 1*
L d"J 84.,4-,lt @ owll,
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- poav
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SET. UP
hMP ,.,-zt^t
TEST
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T-oAD RESISToR
Class A Amplifier is An important characteristic is that
one in which the grid bias and signal grid circuit draws appreciable
voltages are such that the plate current which prevents it from being
in the tube, or in each tube of a push- with ordinary resistance coupled
pull stage flows at all times. tubes.
This is accomplished by operating at
the center point of the plate current vs. Claes ABI Amplifier is one in which
grid voltage curve and using signaì volt- e §iid}idÈ-and peak signal voltage
ages which do not drive the gnd inio in such proportion that it operates
either the positive-region or into the a Class A amplifier for small signals
sharp bend neàr cut-off voltage. as a Class B Amplifier for large
. Class A2 Amptifier is the same as
a Class ,A'1 amplifier except that the
signal may drive the grid into the posi- Clase AB2.Ampliffer is one in v/hich
tive region. This is accomplished by sig'naI-E àIlorÀred to drive the
operating at a lower bias than the y into the positive region but
center point wllich would have been se- . to require appreciable
lected for class A operation. the driver.
Clase B Amplifier is an amplifi This is accomplished by
in which the grid bias is approximatel tubes in push-pull at very
equal to the cut-off value, so that the e cut-off bias and applying a peak
plate current is approximately zero equal to the bias. Resistance
when no signal voltage is applied and Ìing may be used making this is
so that plate current in the tube or in way of obtaining large power ou
each tube of a push-puìl stage, flows ut with low distortion. A good exam
for approximately one-half of each cycl f this rating .may be found und
when an aÌternating grid voltage is 6L6G.
applied.
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coTdftrdp-r \yl
Gotor [',!1 ;irÌ|"
[lL- Muttiprior rorrrance (t)
!lock 0l
Srown I tl0 t%
ttd 2 2 r00 2%
Orongr 3 3 1,000 3%
Ycllow a 4 10,000 4%
Gncn 5 5 100,000
Dlur 6 6 1,000,000
Ylohi 7 7 10,000,000
Groy 8 8 100,000,000
Whitr I I 1,000,000,000
Silvrr t0%
Gold s%
No color 20%
RESISTAI{CE OF WIRE RIAA EOUALIZATION
20
30
HZ +te,27 DB
t8,59
40 17,79
50 t6,95
AWG ohms per 1000 fi. & t6,10
at 20t.. or 68T. 70 t5,2E
EO 14,51
I IN t3,09
0.6282
I 0.7921
125
t50
I 1,56
t0,27
10 0.9989 2N 8,22
t1 't.260 250 6,6E
12 1.588 ,N 5,4E
13 2.0011 4N 3,7E
14 2.525 5U) 2,65
15 3.184 @0 I,E4
16 4.016 7N t,23
17 5.04r 8N 0,75
18 6.385 900 0,35
19 8.051
IN ZERO o.ao
20 t5N t,4t)
21
10.15
12.80 2Un -- 2,59
22 16.14
3NO - 1,71
23 $N - 6,6t
24
20.36 5m - E,2'
25
25.67 M - 9,60
26
92.37 7m . t0,E2
40.81 EM - lt,Eg
27
I 51.47
e1.90
w
tN@
_ t2,E6
. t3,73
29 81.83 ltou) - 11,53
30 1Crit.2 I2m - t5,26
31 130.1 t3m - 15,94
32 164.1 I4m _ t6,57
I5N . - 17,16
IffiO - 17,7t
I7(m - 18,23
t8w - tE,72
IW - t9,tE
2W - t9,62
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EANDY TABLE I'OR DETERMINING
PO'WER _ VOLTAGE CIIRRENT
- -RESISTANCE
TO DETERMINE
VOLTAGE CIIRRENT RESISTANCE POWER
INVOLTS INAMPERES IN OIIMS IN \TTATTS
E
1 KNOWN KNOWN ErI
I
E Er
2 ENOWN KNOWN
R R
$r E
3 KNOWN KNOWN
E w
4 IxR KNOWN KNOV/N I,R
w w
5- KNOWN KNOWN
I 12
l.w
6 /Txvr 1; KNOWN KNOWN
lt.=,'*.
r lF-.l
0c ctRcutTs AC Ec
Ohms's law IB;
jj
R is in ohms; I in lE =lxF
=lxZ
amperes; E in volts
I lourra
I Impedance I
I
P in watts
l r=",,
I Current
g/,
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I = E/R =P/E = \/P/R I
R = E/I =P/( =Ez/P
E=IR=P/I=VPR | , =r,, L_
P=EI=E2lR=PR Er
L
True Power
p=E'xcosé
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