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FRONT & REAR SUSPENSION SECTION
GI MA EM LC EC
SU
CONTENTS
FRONT SUSPENSION ....................................................2 Precautions ..................................................................2 PRECAUTIONS .........................................................2 Preparation ..................................................................2 SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS ........................................2 COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS ................................2 Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting ...........................................................4 NVH TROUBLESHOOTING CHART ............................4 Components.................................................................5 On-vehicle Service.......................................................6 FRONT SUSPENSION PARTS ...................................6 BALANCING WHEELS ...............................................6 TIRE ROTATION .......................................................8 FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT .....................................8 Coil Spring and Shock Absorber ...............................10 COMPONENTS .......................................................10 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ...............................11 DISASSEMBLY ........................................................11 INSPECTION ...........................................................11 ASSEMBLY .............................................................12 Stabilizer Bar .............................................................12 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ...............................12 Transverse Link and Lower Ball Joint .......................13 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ...............................13 INSPECTION ...........................................................13 Service Data and Specifications (SDS).....................15 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS (FRONT) .....................15 FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT (UNLADEN*1) .............15 LOWER BALL JOINT ...............................................15
WHEELARCH HEIGHT (UNLADEN*1) .......................16 WHEEL RUNOUT ....................................................16 WHEEL BALANCE ...................................................16
FE CL MT AT AX
REAR SUSPENSION.....................................................17 Precautions ................................................................17 PRECAUTIONS .......................................................17 Preparation ................................................................17 COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS ..............................17 Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting .........................................................17 Components...............................................................18 On-vehicle Service.....................................................19 REAR SUSPENSION PARTS ...................................19 REAR WHEEL ALIGNMENT .....................................19 Removal and Installation ...........................................22 REMOVAL ...............................................................23 INSTALLATION........................................................23 Coil Spring and Shock Absorber ...............................23 REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION ...............................23 DISASSEMBLY ........................................................24 INSPECTION ...........................................................24 ASSEMBLY .............................................................24 Torsion Beam, Lateral Link and Control Rod ............25 DISASSEMBLY ........................................................25 INSPECTION ...........................................................25 ASSEMBLY .............................................................25 Service Data and Specifications (SDS).....................27 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS (REAR) .......................27 REAR WHEEL ALIGNMENT (UNLADEN*) .................27
BR ST RS BT HA SC EL IDX
FRONT SUSPENSION
Precautions
Precautions
PRECAUTIONS
¼
NLSU0001
¼
SBR686C
¼ ¼ ¼
When installing rubber parts, final tightening must be carried out under unladen condition* with tires on ground. Oil will shorten the life of rubber bushes. Be sure to wipe off any spilled oil. *: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions. After installing removed suspension parts, check wheel alignment and adjust if necessary. Use flare nut wrench when removing or installing brake tubes. Always torque brake lines when installing. Lock nuts are unreusable parts; always use new ones. When replacing, do not wipe the oil off the new lock nut before tightening.
Preparation
SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS
Tool number Tool name HT72520000 Ball joint remover Description Removing tie-rod outer end and lower ball joint
NLSU0002
NT146
COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS
Tool name Attachment Wheel alignment Description Measure wheel alignment a: Screw M24 x 1.5 pitch b: 35 mm (1.38 in) dia. c: 65 mm (2.56 in) dia. d: 56 mm (2.20 in) e: 12 mm (0.47 in)
NT148
NLSU0003
1 Flare nut crowfoot 2 Torque wrench
Removing and installing each brake piping a: 10 mm (0.39 in)
NT360
SU-2
FRONT SUSPENSION
Preparation (Cont'd)
Tool name Spring compressor Description Removing and installing coil spring
GI MA
NT717
EM LC EC FE CL MT AT AX
BR ST RS BT HA SC EL IDX
SU-3
FRONT SUSPENSION
Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting
Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting
NVH TROUBLESHOOTING CHART
Refer to ROAD WHEEL in this chart. Refer to SUSPENSION in this chart.
=NLSU0004 NLSU0004S01
Use the chart below to help you find the cause of the symptom. If necessary, repair or replace these parts.
Refer to TIRES in this chart.
AX-3, AX-22
SU-10, 22
SU-11, 23
SU-5, 18
SU-12
AX-10
SU-8
SU-8
BR-9 BRAKES × × × × × × × × × × ×
Reference page
Bushing or mounting deterioration
Improper installation, looseness
Shock absorber deformation, damage or deflection
Incorrect wheel alignment
Parts interference
Incorrect tire size
Uneven tire wear
ROAD WHEEL
DRIVE SHAFT
SUSPENSION
Non-uniformity
Spring fatigue
Possible Cause and SUSPECTED PARTS
Deformation or damage
Suspension looseness
Incorrect air pressure
Stabilizer bar fatigue
Out-of-round
Noise Shake SUSPENSION Vibration Shimmy Judder Poor quality ride or handling Noise Shake Symptom Vibration TIRES Shimmy Judder Poor quality ride or handling Noise ROAD WHEEL Shake Shimmy, Judder Poor quality ride or handling
× × × × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
× × × ×
×
× ×
× × × ×
× × × × ×
× × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
× ×
×
× × × × ×
×
×
×
× × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
× × × × × × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
× × ×
× × ×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×
×: Applicable
SU-4
STEERING × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
Imbalance
TIRES
AXLE
ST-5
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
FRONT SUSPENSION
Components
Components
NLSU0005
GI MA EM LC EC FE CL MT AT AX
BR ST RS BT
NAX008
HA SC EL IDX
1. 2. 3.
Front suspension member Stabilizer bar Transverse link
4. 5.
Member pin stay Knuckle
6. 7.
Strut assembly Coil spring
SU-5
FRONT SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service
On-vehicle Service
FRONT SUSPENSION PARTS
NLSU0006
SMA525A
Check front axle and front suspension parts for excessive play, cracks, wear or other damage. ¼ Shake each front wheel to check for excessive play. ¼ Make sure that cotter pin is inserted. ¼ Retighten all axle and suspension nuts and bolts to the specified torque. Tightening torque: Refer to "FRONT SUSPENSION", SU-5. ¼ ¼ Check strut (shock absorber) for oil leakage or other damage. Check suspension ball joint for grease leakage and ball joint dust cover for cracks or other damage. If ball joint dust cover is cracked or damaged, replace transverse link.
SFA392B
¼ a)
b) c)
SFA818AA
Check spring height from top of wheelarch to the ground. Vehicle must be unladen*, parked on a level surface, and tires checked for proper inflation and wear (tread wear indicator must not be showing). *: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions. Bounce vehicle up and down several times before measuring. Standard height: Refer to SDS, SU-16. Spring height is not adjustable. If out of specification, check for worn springs or suspension parts. Check suspension ball joint end play. Jack up front of vehicle and set the stands. Clamp dial indicator onto transverse link and place indicator tip on lower edge of brake caliper. Make sure front wheels are straight and brake pedal is depressed. Place a pry bar between transverse link and inner rim of road wheel. While raising and releasing pry bar, observe maximum dial indicator value. Vertical end play: 0 mm (0 in) If ball joint movement is beyond specifications, remove and replace it.
NLSU0042
¼ a) b) c) d) e)
SSU031
f)
BALANCING WHEELS
¼ Adjust wheel balance using road wheel center. Wheel balance (Maximum allowable unbalance): Refer to SDS, SU-16.
SU-6
FRONT SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont'd)
Preliminary Inspection
NLSU0042S01
SFA975B
Aluminum wheel NLSU0042S0101 1. Check tires for wear and improper inflation. 2. Check wheels for deformation, cracks and other damage. If deformed, remove wheel and check wheel runout. a. Remove tire from aluminum wheel and mount on a tire balance machine. b. Set dial indicator as shown in the illustration. Wheel runout (Dial indicator value): Refer to SDS, SU-16. 3. Check front wheel bearings for looseness. 4. Check front suspension for looseness. 5. Check steering linkage for looseness. 6. Check that front shock absorbers work properly. 7. Check vehicle posture (Unladen).
GI MA EM LC EC FE CL MT
SFA981B
Steel wheel NLSU0042S0102 1. Check tires for wear and improper inflation. 2. Check wheels for deformation, cracks and other damage. If deformed, remove wheel and check wheel runout. a. Remove tire from steel wheel and mount wheel on a tire balance machine. b. Set two dial indicators as shown in the illustration. c. Set each dial indicator to 0. d. Rotate wheel and check dial indicators at several points around the circumference of the wheel. e. Calculate runout at each point as shown below. Radial runout = (A + B)/2 Lateral runout = (C + D)/2 f. Select maximum positive runout value and the maximum negative value. Add the two values to determine total runout. In case a positive or negative value is not available, use the maximum value (negative or positive) for total runout. If the total runout value exceeds the limit, replace steel wheel. Wheel runout: Refer to SDS, SU-16. 3. Check front wheel bearings for looseness. 4. Check front suspension for looseness. 5. Check steering linkage for looseness. 6. Check that front shock absorbers work properly. 7. Check vehicle posture (Unladen).
AT AX
BR ST RS BT HA SC EL IDX
SU-7
FRONT SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont'd)
TIRE ROTATION
¼
NLSU0043
Do not include the T-type spare tire when rotating the tires. Wheel nuts: : 98 - 118 N·m (10.0 - 12.0 kg-m, 72 - 87 ft-lb)
SMA829C
FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
NLSU0045
Before checking front wheel alignment, be sure to make a preliminary inspection (Unladen*). *: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions.
Camber, Caster and Kingpin Inclination
NLSU0045S01
Camber, caster and kingpin inclination are preset at factory and cannot be adjusted. 1. Measure camber, caster and kingpin inclination of both right and left wheels with a suitable alignment gauge. Camber, caster and kingpin inclination: Refer to SDS, SU-15. 2. If camber, caster or kingpin inclination is not within specification, inspect front suspension parts. Replace damaged or worn out parts.
SRA096A
Toe-in
NLSU0045S02
Measure toe-in using the following procedure. WARNING: ¼ Always perform the following procedure on a flat surface. ¼ Make sure that no person is in front of the vehicle before pushing it. 1. Bounce front of vehicle up and down to stabilize the posture. 2. Push the vehicle straight ahead about 5 m (16 ft). 3. Put a mark on base line of tread (rear side) of both tires at the same height as hub center. These are measuring points.
AFA050
Measure distance "A" (rear side). Push the vehicle slowly ahead to rotate the wheels 180 degrees (1/2 turn). If the wheels have rotated more than 180 degrees (1/2 turn), try the above procedure again from the beginning. Never push vehicle backward. 6. Measure distance "B" (front side). Total toe-in: Refer to SDS, SU-15.
SFA234AC
4. 5.
SU-8
FRONT SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont'd)
7. a. b.
c.
Adjust toe-in by varying the length of steering tie-rods. Loosen lock nuts. Adjust toe-in by screwing tie-rods in and out. Standard length "L": Refer to ST-27, "SDS". Tighten lock nuts to specified torque. Lock nut tightening torque: Refer to ST-16, "POWER STEERING GEAR AND LINKAGE".
GI MA EM LC
SFA486A
Front Wheel Turning Angle
1. 2.
NLSU0045S03
Set wheels in straight-ahead position. Then move vehicle forward until front wheels rest on turning radius gauge properly. Rotate steering wheel all the way right and left; measure turning angle. Do not hold the steering wheel on full lock for more than 15 seconds. Wheel turning angle (Full turn): Refer to SDS, SU-15.
EC FE CL MT AT AX
SFA439BA
BR ST RS BT HA SC EL IDX
SU-9
FRONT SUSPENSION
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber
COMPONENTS
=NLSU0008
NAX009
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Strut mount upper plate Strut spacer Strut mount insulator Thrust bearing Upper spring seat Upper rubber seat Bound bumper rubber
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Coil spring Shock absorber Wheel hub and steering knuckle Cotter pin Transverse link Washer Connecting rod
15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Member pin stay Suspension member Washer Bush Clamp Stabilizer
SU-10
FRONT SUSPENSION
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber (Cont'd)
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
¼ ¼
=NLSU0009
Remove shock absorber fixing bolt and nut (to hoodledge). Do not remove piston rod lock nut on vehicle.
GI MA EM
SFA956A
LC
DISASSEMBLY
1. ¼ 2.
NLSU0010
Set shock absorber on vise, then loosen piston rod lock nut. Do not remove piston rod lock nut at this time. Compress spring with Tool so that shock absorber mounting insulator can be turned by hand. WARNING: Make sure that the pawls of the two spring compressors are firmly hooked on the spring. The spring compressors must be tightened alternately so as not to tilt the spring.
SSU002
EC FE CL MT
3.
Remove piston rod lock nut.
AT AX
BR
SSU003
INSPECTION Shock Absorber Assembly
¼ ¼ ¼
NLSU0011 NLSU0011S01
ST RS BT HA SC EL IDX
Check for smooth operation through a full stroke, both compression and extension. Check for oil leakage on welded or gland packing portions. Check piston rod for cracks, deformation or other damage. Replace if necessary.
NLSU0011S02
Mounting Insulator and Rubber Parts
¼
Check cemented rubber-to-metal portion for separation or cracks. Check rubber parts for deterioration. Replace if necessary.
NLSU0011S06
Thrust Bearing
¼ ¼ ¼
Check thrust bearing parts for abnormal noise or excessive rattle in axial direction. Replace if necessary.
NLSU0011S03
Coil Spring
Check for cracks, deformation or other damage. Replace if necessary.
SU-11
FRONT SUSPENSION
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber (Cont'd)
ASSEMBLY
¼
NLSU0012
When installing coil spring on strut, it must be positioned as shown in the figure at left.
SFA508A
¼
When installing spring seat, make sure that it is positioned as shown.
SFA957A
Stabilizer Bar
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
¼ Remove stabilizer bar.
NLSU0017
SSU035
¼
When installing stabilizer, make sure clamp faces in correct direction.
NFA053
¼ ¼ ¼
Check stabilizer for deformation or cracks. Replace if necessary. Check rubber bushings for deterioration or cracks. Replace if necessary. Check ball joint can rotate in all directions. If movement is not smooth and free, replace stabilizer bar connecting rod.
ARA027
SU-12
FRONT SUSPENSION
Transverse Link and Lower Ball Joint
Transverse Link and Lower Ball Joint
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
1. 2. 3. 4.
NLSU0018
Remove wheel bearing lock nut. Remove tie-rod ball joint. Remove strut lower bracket fixing bolts and nuts. Separate drive shaft from knuckle by slightly tapping drive shaft end. Cover boots with shop towel so as not to damage them when removing drive shaft.
SFA181A
GI MA EM LC
5.
Separate lower ball joint stud from knuckle with tool. Refer to AX-5, "FRONT AXLE -- Wheel Hub and Knuckle".
EC FE CL
SFA113AD
MT
6. 7. 8. Remove fixing bolts. Remove transverse link and lower ball joint. During installation, final tightening must be carried out at curb weight with tires on the ground. Tightening torque: Refer to "FRONT SUSPENSION", SU-10. After installation, check wheel alignment. Refer to "ON-VEHICLE SERVICE -- Front Wheel Alignment", SU-8.
AT AX
9.
BR
YSU004
INSPECTION Transverse Link
¼ ¼
NLSU0019 NLSU0019S01
ST RS BT HA
Check transverse link for damage, cracks or deformation. Replace it if necessary. Check rubber bushing for damage, cracks and deformation. Replace transverse link if necessary.
Lower Ball Joint
¼
NLSU0019S02
SC EL IDX
SFA858A
Check ball joint for play. Replace transverse link assembly if any of the following cases occur. Ball stud is worn, play in axial direction is excessive or joint is hard to swing. Before checking, turn ball joint at least 10 revolutions so that ball joint is properly broken in. Swinging force "A": (measuring point: cotter pin hole of ball stud): 7.8 - 82.4 N (0.8 - 8.4 kg, 1.8 - 18.5 lb) Turning torque "B": 0.50 - 4.90 N·m (5.1 - 50 kg-cm, 4.4 - 43.4 in-lb)
SU-13
FRONT SUSPENSION
Transverse Link and Lower Ball Joint (Cont'd)
¼
Vertical end play "C": 0 mm (0 in) Check dust cover for damage. Replace it and cover clamp if necessary.
SU-14
FRONT SUSPENSION
Service Data and Specifications (SDS)
Service Data and Specifications (SDS)
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS (FRONT)
Suspension type Shock absorber type Stabilizer bar Independent MacPherson strut Double-acting hydraulic Standard equipment
=NLSU0020
GI MA EM
FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT (UNLADEN*1)
QG engine Minimum Camber Degree minute (Decimal degree) Nominal Maximum Left and right difference Minimum Caster Degree minute (Decimal degree) Nominal Maximum Left and right difference Minimum Kingpin inclination Degree minute (Decimal degree) Nominal Maximum Minimum Distance (A - B) mm (in) Total toe-in Minimum Angle (left plus right) Degree minute (Decimal degree) Nominal Maximum Minimum Wheel turning angle Full turn*2 Inside Degree minute (Decimal degree) Nominal Maximum Outside Degree minute (Decimal degree) Nominal 0°01 (0.02°) 0°04 (0.07°) 0°07 (0.12°) 34°30 (34.50°) 38°00 (38.00°) 39°00 (39.00°) 31°00 (31.00°) Nominal Maximum 2°04 (2.07°) 2°49 (2.82°) 3°34 (3.57°) 45 (0.75°) 13°40 (13.67°) 14°25 (14.42°) 15°10 (°15.17) 1 (0.04) 2 (0.08) 3 (0.12) -1°05 (-1.08°) -0°20 (-0.33°) 0°25 (0.42°) 45 (0.75°) 2°01 (2.02°) 2°46 (2.77°) 3°31 (3.52°) YD engine
NLSU0021
LC EC FE CL MT AT AX
BR ST RS BT HA SC
*1: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions. *2: On power steering models, wheel turning force (at circumference of steering wheel) of 98 to 147 N (10 to 15 kg, 22 to 33 lb) with engine idle. *3: "Ground clearance up" model
LOWER BALL JOINT
Swinging force "A" (Measuring point: cotter pin hole of ball stud) Turning torque "B" Vertical end play "C" N·m (kg-cm, in-lb) mm (in) N (kg, lb) 7.8 - 82.4 (0.8 - 8.4, 1.8 - 18.5) 0.50 - 4.90 (5.1 - 50.0, 4.4 - 43.4) 0 (0)
NLSU0022
EL IDX
SU-15
FRONT SUSPENSION
Service Data and Specifications (SDS) (Cont'd)
WHEELARCH HEIGHT (UNLADEN*1)
NLSU0041
Unit: mm (in)
SFA818A
195/65R15 QG18 FR 703 (27.68) RR 671 (26.42) FR 700 (27.56) YD22 RR 671 (26.42) FR 703 (27.68) QG18 RR
205/55R16 YD22 FR 700 (27.56) RR 670 (26.38)
670 (26.38)
*1: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions. *2: "Ground clearance up" model
WHEEL RUNOUT
Wheel type Radial runout limit Lateral runout limit mm (in) mm (in) Aluminum 0.3 (0.012) 0.3 (0.012) Steel wheel 0.5 (0.020) 0.8 (0.031)
NLSU0023
WHEEL BALANCE
Dynamic (At rim flange) g (oz) Maximum allowable unbalance Static g (oz) 20 (0.71) 10 (0.35) (one side)
NLSU0044
SU-16
REAR SUSPENSION
Precautions
Precautions
PRECAUTIONS
¼
NLSU0024
¼
SBR686C
¼ ¼ ¼ ¼
When installing each rubber part, final tightening must be carried out under unladen condition* with tires on ground. Oil will shorten the life of rubber bushes. Be sure to wipe off any spilled oil. *: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions. Use flare nut wrench when removing or installing brake tubes. After installing removed suspension parts, check wheel alignment. Do not jack up at the trailing arm and lateral link. Always torque brake lines when installing. Lock nuts are unreusable parts; always use new ones. When replacing, do not wipe the oil off of the new lock nut before tightening.
GI MA EM LC EC FE CL MT
Preparation
COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLS
Tool name Equivalent to 1 Flare nut crowfoot 2 Torque wrench Description Removing and installing brake piping a: 10 mm (0.39 in)
NLSU0026
AT AX
NT360
BR
Removing and installing coil spring
Spring compressor
ST RS
NT717
BT HA
Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting
SC
NLSU0027
Refer to "Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting", "FRONT SUSPENSION", SU-4.
EL IDX
SU-17
REAR SUSPENSION
Components
Components
NLSU0028
NRA027
1. 2.
Shock absorber Torsion beam
3. 4.
Control rod Lateral link
5.
Coil spring
SU-18
REAR SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service
On-vehicle Service
REAR SUSPENSION PARTS
NLSU0029
Check axle and suspension parts for excessive play, wear or damage. ¼ Shake each rear wheel to check for excessive play.
GI MA EM
SMA525A
LC
¼ Retighten all nuts and bolts to the specified torque. Tightening torque: Refer to "REAR SUSPENSION", SU-18.
EC FE CL
SSU036
MT
¼ ¼ Check shock absorber for oil leakage or other damage. Check wheelarch height. Refer to "On-vehicle Service", "FRONT SUSPENSION PARTS", SU-6.
AT AX
BR
SMA113
REAR WHEEL ALIGNMENT
NLSU0030
Before checking rear wheel alignment, be sure to make a preliminary inspection (Unladen*). *: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions.
ST RS BT HA
Preliminary Inspection
NLSU0030S01
SC EL IDX
SFA975B
Aluminum wheel NLSU0030S0101 1. Check tires for wear and improper inflation. 2. Check wheels for deformation, cracks and other damage. If deformed, remove wheel and check wheel runout. a. Remove tire from aluminum wheel and mount on a tire balance machine. b. Set dial indicator as shown in the illustration. Wheel runout (Dial indicator value): Refer to SDS, SU-16.
SU-19
REAR SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont'd)
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Check Check Check Check Check
front wheel bearings for looseness. front suspension for looseness. steering linkage for looseness. that front shock absorbers work properly. vehicle posture (Unladen).
SFA981B
Steel wheel NLSU0030S0102 1. Check tires for wear and improper inflation. 2. Check wheels for deformation, cracks and other damage. If deformed, remove wheel and check wheel runout. a. Remove tire from steel wheel and mount wheel on a tire balance machine. b. Set two dial indicators as shown in the illustration. c. Set each dial indicator to 0. d. Rotate wheel and check dial indicators at several points around the circumference of the wheel. e. Calculate runout at each point as shown below. Radial runout = (A + B)/2 Lateral runout = (C + D)/2 f. Select maximum positive runout value and the maximum negative value. Add the two values to determine total runout. In case a positive or negative value is not available, use the maximum value (negative or positive) for total runout. If the total runout value exceeds the limit, replace steel wheel. Wheel runout: Refer to SDS, SU-16. 3. Check front wheel bearings for looseness. 4. Check front suspension for looseness. 5. Check steering linkage for looseness. 6. Check that front shock absorbers work properly. 7. Check vehicle posture (Unladen).
Camber
NLSU0030S02
Camber is preset at factory and cannot be adjusted. Camber: Refer to SDS, SU-27. ¼ If the camber is not within specification, inspect and replace any damaged or worn rear suspension parts.
SFA948A
SU-20
REAR SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont'd)
Toe-in
NLSU0030S03
SFA614B
SFA234AC
Toe-in is preset at factory and cannot be adjusted. Measure toe-in using following procedure. If out of specification, inspect and replace any damaged or worn rear suspension parts. WARNING: ¼ Perform following procedure always on a flat surface. ¼ Make sure that no person is in front of the vehicle before pushing it. 1. Bounce rear of vehicle up and down to stabilize the posture. 2. Push the vehicle straight ahead about 5 m (16 ft). 3. Put a mark on base line of the tread (rear side) of both tires at the same height of hub center. This mark is a measuring point. 4. Measure distance "A" (rear side). 5. Push the vehicle slowly ahead to rotate the wheels 180 degrees (1/2 turn). If the wheels have rotated more than 180 degrees (1/2 turn), try the above procedure again from the beginning. Never push vehicle backward. 6. Measure distance "B" (front side). Total toe-in: A - B Refer to SDS, SU-27.
GI MA EM LC EC FE CL MT AT AX
BR ST RS BT HA SC EL IDX
SU-21
REAR SUSPENSION
Removal and Installation
Removal and Installation
NLSU0031
NRA028
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Washer Bushing Shock absorber mounting bracket Collar Bushing
6. 7. 8. 9.
Bound bumper cover Bound bumper Coil spring Shock absorber
10. 11. 12. 13.
Torsion beam Lateral link Control rod ABS sensor
SU-22
REAR SUSPENSION
Removal and Installation (Cont'd)
REMOVAL
NLSU0031S01
SRA695A
SSU038
CAUTION: ¼ Before removing the rear suspension assembly, disconnect the ABS wheel sensor from the assembly. Failure to do so may result in damage to the sensor wires and the sensor becoming inoperative. ¼ Remove suspension assembly. 1. Disconnect brake hydraulic lines and parking brake cable at toggle lever. (Models with drum brakes.) ¼ Drain brake fluid before disconnecting brake lines. 2. Disconnect parking brake cable from caliper and remove brake caliper and rotor. (Models with disc brakes.) Suspend caliper assembly with wire so as not to stretch brake hose. Be careful not to depress brake pedal, or piston will pop out. Make sure brake hose is not twisted. 3. Using a transmission jack, raise torsion beam a little, and remove nuts and bolts from the trailing arm, shock absorber assembly (lower side) and lateral link (Body side). 4. Lower transmission jack, and remove suspension. 5. Remove strut securing nuts (upper side). Then pull out strut assembly.
GI MA EM LC EC FE CL MT AT AX
INSTALLATION
¼ Install suspension assembly. CAUTION: Refill with new brake fluid "DOT 4". Never reuse drained brake fluid. 1. Attach torsion beam, at trailing arm and lateral link, to vehicle. Do not tighten bolts at this time.
NLSU0031S02
BR
SRA697A
2.
3. 4.
5.
SRA698A
6.
Using a transmission jack, place lateral link and control rod horizontally against torsion beam. Tighten lateral link on vehicle. Attach shock absorber assembly to vehicle. Then tighten the lower side of shock absorber assembly. Lower torsion beam to fully extended position. Remove transmission jack and tighten torsion beam, at trailing arm, to specified torque. Refer to SU-22. Install brake hydraulic lines and tighten flare nuts. : 15 - 18 N·m (1.5 - 1.8 kg-m, 11 - 13 ft-lb) Install ABS wheel sensor.
ST RS BT HA SC
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
Remove shock absorber upper and lower fixing nuts. Do not remove piston rod lock nut on vehicle.
NLSU0032
EL IDX
SU-23
REAR SUSPENSION
Coil Spring and Shock Absorber (Cont'd)
DISASSEMBLY
1.
NLSU0033
Set shock absorber in vise, then loosen piston rod lock nut. Do not remove piston rod lock nut at this time. 2. Compress spring with Tool so that the shock absorber upper spring seat can be turned by hand. WARNING: Make sure that the pawls of the two spring compressors are firmly hooked on the spring. The spring compressors must be tightened alternately so as not to tilt the spring. 3. Remove piston rod lock nut.
SRA806A
INSPECTION Shock Absorber Assembly
¼ ¼ ¼
NLSU0034 NLSU0034S01
Check for smooth operation through a full stroke, both compression and extension. Check for oil leakage on welded or gland packing portions. Check piston rod for cracks, deformation or other damage. Replace if necessary.
NLSU0034S02
Upper Rubber Seat and Bushing
Check rubber parts for deterioration or cracks. Replace if necessary.
Coil Spring
NLSU0034S03
Check for cracks, deformation or other damage. Replace if necessary.
ASSEMBLY
¼ Locate upper spring seat as shown.
NLSU0035
NRA029
¼
When installing coil spring, be careful not to reverse top and bottom direction. (Top end is flat.) ¼ When installing coil spring on shock absorber, it must be positioned as shown in figure at left. CAUTION: Do not reuse piston rod lock nut.
SFA436B
SU-24
REAR SUSPENSION
Torsion Beam, Lateral Link and Control Rod
Torsion Beam, Lateral Link and Control Rod
DISASSEMBLY
¼ ¼
NLSU0036
Remove torsion beam assembly. Refer to "Removal and Installation", "REAR SUSPENSION", SU-23. Remove lateral link and control rod from torsion beam.
GI MA EM LC
INSPECTION
¼
NLSU0037
¼
ARA072
Check for cracks, distortion or other damage. Replace if necessary. Standard length: A 207 - 208 mm (8.15 - 8.19 in) B 394 - 395 mm (15.51 - 15.55 in) C 601 - 603 mm (23.66 - 23.74 in) D 106 - 108 mm (4.17 - 4.25 in) Check all rubber parts for wear, cracks or deformation. Replace if necessary.
NLSU0038
EC FE CL MT AT AX
ASSEMBLY
1. ¼
Temporarily assemble lateral link and control rod. When installing the control rod, connect the bush with the smaller inner diameter to the lateral link.
BR ST RS BT HA
SRA793A
2. ¼
Temporarily install lateral link and control rod on torsion beam. When installing, place lateral link with the arrow topside.
SC EL IDX
SRA701A
SU-25
REAR SUSPENSION
Torsion Beam, Lateral Link and Control Rod (Cont'd)
3. 4.
Place lateral link and control rod horizontally against torsion beam, and tighten to the specified torque. Install torsion beam assembly. Refer to "Removal and Installation", "REAR SUSPENSION", SU-23.
SRA702A
SU-26
REAR SUSPENSION
Service Data and Specifications (SDS)
Service Data and Specifications (SDS)
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS (REAR)
Suspension type Shock absorber type Multi-link beam suspension Double-acting hydraulic
=NLSU0039
GI MA
REAR WHEEL ALIGNMENT (UNLADEN*)
Body Camber Degree minute (Decimal degree) Minimum Nominal Maximum Total toe-in Distance (A - B) mm (in) Minimum Nominal Maximum Angle (left plus right) Degree minute (Decimal degree) Minimum Nominal Maximum -1°45 (-1.75°) -1°00 (-1.00°) -0°15 (-0.25°) -3 (-0.12) 1 (0.04) 5 (0.20) -16 (-0.27°) 530 (0.09°) 26 (0.43°)
NLSU0040
EM LC EC FE CL MT AT AX
*: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand tools and mats in designated positions.
BR ST RS BT HA SC EL IDX
SU-27
NOTES