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Partitioning and Formatting Guide
Version 1.2
Date 05-15-2006
Partitioning and Formatting Guide
This guide is designed to explain how to setup your drive with the correct
partition and format for your operating system. This guide will go over partitioning
and formatting drives in the following operating systems:
Windows 2000/XP Install Page 03
Windows 2000/XP Disk Management Page 07
Macintosh OS X Page 11
Linux Page 15
Windows 9.x and DOS Page 18
Macintosh OS 8.x and 9.x Page 21
This guide makes the assumption that the drive is properly installed in the system
and is being detected by the BIOS or controller card. If you need assistance
installing a drive, please view our Installation Guides at the following URL:
http://www.hitachigst.com/hdd/support/instgde.htm
For further assistance you may also contact one of our Technical Support
Centers:
http://www.hitachigst.com/hdd/support/sources/tsc.htm
All information is provided by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies on an "AS IS" basis only.
Hitachi makes no representations or warranties, whether express or implied, regarding the
information, including the warranty of non-infringement and non-interference and the implied
warranty or terms of merchantability, and fitness or use for a particular purpose.
Use of information that is provided by Hitachi is at the recipient's own risk. Hitachi provides no
assurances that any reported problems may be resolved with the use of any information that
Hitachi provides. By furnishing information, Hitachi does not grant any licenses to any copyrights,
trademarks, patents or any other intellectual property rights.
Any trademarks and product or brand names referenced in this document are the property of their
respective owners. Please consult your Hitachi product manuals for complete trademark
information.
Any references to third parties are provided as reference only and are not recommendations of
any products by Hitachi GST. Hitachi GST makes no warranty, implied or otherwise, regarding
the performance or reliability of these companies or products.
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Windows 2000/XP hard drive setup during
installation
To begin the installation of Windows 2000 / XP, you will need to insert the
bootable Windows CD into the CD drive. If you are installing from floppies, insert
the first floppy into drive A:. Turn the system on.
One of the first things you will see during the installation process is "Press F6 if
you need to install additional drivers..." The message only appears for 6 seconds
before the installation continues. You will need to press F6 to load additional
drivers if you are using a SCSI controller card, a SATA controller card, or a RAID
controller card that is not natively supported by Windows. Check with your
controller card manufacturer for the latest drivers.
*Wording on screenshots may differ slightly between Windows 2000 and XP.
Press "S" to specify the driver for the controller card.
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You are now presented with 3 options. For the purpose of this guide, press
Enter.
Before you can install the operating system you must press F8 and agree to the
license agreement.
In order to install an operating system, you will need a partition on which to
install. If a partition does not already exist, you must create one. To do this,
highlight the "Unpartitioned Space" and press "C", for Create.
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Enter the capacity you want for the new partition and press Enter. If you want to
use the entire space of the drive, press Enter without making any changes.
You will now be brought back to the screen which previously showed the
"Unpartitioned Space" taking up the whole drive. Now, it shows it as Partition1
[New ] (this means it has not yet been formatted). To continue with the
installation process and format the drive, highlight the new partition and press
Enter.
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You will be given format options for the partition: NTFS, NTFS (Quick), FAT, and
FAT (Quick). Only Windows XP gives the Quick format options. If the partition is
larger than 32GB's, you must choose NTFS.
*WARNING* Formatting will delete all data from the drive
The installation will now begin formatting the drive to your specifications.
Depending on the size of the partition, this could take anywhere from 2 minutes
to over an hour to format.
*Note: For drives larger than 137GB you will need Service Pack 3 for Windows
2000, Service Pack 1 for Windows XP, or a controller driver that supports 48 bit
addressing to format the full capacity during installation. Once the OS is in-
stalled, you may update the OS to the latest Service Pack and then partition the
remainder of the drive through Disk Management.
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Windows 2000/XP hard drive setup through Disk
Management
A hard drive must contain at least one formatted partition before it is usable. You
can use the Windows 2000/XP Disk Management tool to set up volumes or
partitions on your hard disk. With Disk Management, you can create and delete
partitions; format volumes using a FAT, FAT32, or NTFS file system; and setup
more advanced disk subsystems. You can perform most disk-related tasks
without the need to restart your computer as most configuration changes take
effect immediately upon committing the changes.
You should not attempt to make any changes to a partition from which the
operating system was booted, the system files are located, or the active paging
(swap) file is located.
To start Disk Management
1. Select Start, point to Settings, and then select Control Panel.
2. Open Administrative Tools, and then open Computer Management.
3. Alternatively, select Start, right click on My Computer and select Manage.
4. In the console tree, select Disk Management.
Note: You must be logged on as an Administrator or a member of the
Administrators group in order to use the Disk Management utility.
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Before a new, un-partitioned disk can be used in Windows XP it must contain a
disk signature. The first time that Disk Management is run after a new hard
disk is installed, the Disk Signature and Upgrade Disk Wizard is started. If the
wizard is cancelled, you may find that when you attempt to create a partition on
the new hard disk, the New Partition option is unavailable (appears dimmed). In
this case a signature can be written on the hard drive by right clicking on the disk
description window (lower pane, typically a red circle with a white dash covering
the hard drive icon) and selecting Initialize Disk.
*Note: For drives larger than 137GB you will need Service Pack 3 for Windows
2000, Service Pack 1 for Windows XP, or a controller driver that supports 48 bit
addressing.
To create a new partition or logical drive:
In the Disk Management window, do the following:
1. Right-click the Unallocated space and select New Partition.
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2. On the "Welcome to the
New Partition Wizard" page,
select Next.
3. On the "Select Partition
Type" page, select the type
of partition that you want to
create, and then select Next.
4. On the "Specify Partition
Size" page, specify the size
in megabytes (MB) of the
partition that you want to
create, and then select Next.
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5. On the "Assign Drive
Letter or Path" page, enter a
drive letter or drive path, and
then select Next.
6. On the "Format Partition"
page, specify the formatting
options that you want, and
then select Next.
7. On the "Completing the
Create Partition Wizard"
page, verify that the options
that you selected are correct
and then select Finish.
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Installing a hard drive on Mac OS X
To partition a drive in the Mac OS, you will need to use a program called Disk
Utility. To use this program, follow the steps below.
1. Go to the "Go"
menu and select
"Utilities".
Open the hard drive and select the Applications folder.
Another way to
Select the Utilities folder and inside you will find Disk
access Disk Utility:
Utility.
2. When the
Utilities folder
opens, find the
"Disk Utility" icon
and double click.
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3. Select which
hard drive you
wish to partition.
4. After selecting the drive click on the Partition Tab.
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5. Select the number of partitions you want to create
6. Select the file system (format) for the partition
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7. Click on the "Partition" button
8. Older versions of Disk
Utility have an option for OS
9 drivers. This option will
allow users to switch from
OS X back to OS 9.
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Installing a Hard Drive to an Existing Linux
System
This guide uses FDISK to partition and format a drive. There are other utilities
such as CFDISK and QTParted that will partition and format a drive.
Note: If you are unsure of the syntax or switches of a command, you can always
run the "man" command. This will bring up the manual page for whatever com-
mand you specify.
Example: man fdisk.
FDISK
Command Syntax:
(fdisk /dev/xxx )(xxx = the drive designation with which you wish to work. Exam-
ple: hda, hdb, sda, sdb)
Instructions for creating one partition using the entire capacity
of the hard drive
1. Enter the above command with the correct device with which you wish to work.
2. Press M for a list of menu options.
3. Choose P to list the partitions on this drive.
4. Press N to create a new partition.
5. Enter P for Primary partition.
6. Enter 1 for the partition number.
7. Choose the cylinder you wish the partition to start on or press Enter for the de-
fault.
When specifying the size of the drive, you can enter it in terms of the last cylinder
or the size in MB's or KB's. To use the entire drive, just press Enter.
9. Press W to write the changes.
10. Press Q to exit FDISK
Instructions for creating multiple partitions
1. Enter the command line to initiate the fdisk utility.
2. Press N to create a new partition.
3. Enter N to create a primary partition.
4. Choose 1 for the partition number.
5. Choose which cylinder you want to start the partition at or press "Enter" to se-
lect the default. Enter either the last cylinder of the partition or the size. When en-
tering the size, use the following format: +M or +K
7. Press N to create another partition.
8. Choose E for extended.
9. Choose 2 for the partition number.
As with DOS, the extended partition should take up the remaining space on the
drive. At this point, it is best to choose the default beginning cylinder.
10. Press Enter to choose the default end cylinder.
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11. Press n to create another partition.
12. Press l to create a Logical partition within the extended partition.
13. Enter the first cylinder or press Enter to select the default.
14. Enter either the last cylinder of the partition or the size.
Repeat to use the remaining space on the drive. When you are finished, press W
to write the changes and then Q to exit.
Formatting a hard drive
Before a hard drive can be used, it must be partitioned and formatted. In DOS or
Windows, you format a hard drive as FAT16, FAT32, or NTFS. In Linux, the file
system is called EXT3 (or ReiserFS).
To format a hard drive, use the following syntax:
mke3fs /dev/xxx (xxx = the hard drive designation you wish to work with. Exam-
ple: hda, hdb, sda, sdb)
This will format the partition you specified, with a Linux format. As with the Win-
dows "format" command, this will erase everything on the hard drive. Be sure you
are formatting the correct drive.
Adding a Mount Point
After formatting the hard drive, you have to designate a point on the hard drive
that the system and user will use to access the hard drive. This is called a mount
point. In the Microsoft world, it is comparable to assigning a hard drive letter.
When adding a mount point for a hard drive, you have to first create a directory
that you will use to access the new partition.
mkdir MountPointName
After pressing the Enter key, you can verify the directory was created by issuing
the ls command. This will give you a directory reading of your current location.
The new directory should be listed.
To manually mount the drive, use the mount command:
mount