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After Sales Technical Documentation NHE­5 Series Transceiver

Chapter 4 SYSTEM MODULE

Original, 06/96

NHE­5 System Module

After Sales Technical Documentation

CHAPTER 4 ­ SYSTEM MODULE Contents
Introduction Technical Section External and Internal Connections System Connector X103 UI Connector X101 Flash Connector X103 SIM Connector X102 Baseband Block Introduction Modes of Operation Circuit Description Power Supply MCU MCU Flash Loading Flash Prommer Connection Using Dummy Battery Flash, D400 SRAM D402, D403 MCU and Peripherals Baseband A/D Converter Channels usage in N450 and D150 Keyboard Interface Keyboard and Display Light Audio Control Internal Audio External Audio DSP RFI2, N450 Operation SIM Interface BART ASIC RF Block Introduction Receiver Duplex Filter Pre­Amplifier RF Interstage Filter First Mixer First IF Amplifier First IF Filter Page 4­4 Page 4­4 Page 4­4 Page 4­4 Page 4­6 Page 4­7 Page 4­7 Page 4­8 Page 4­8 Page 4­9 Page 4­9 Page 4­9 Page 4­17 Page 4­18 Page 4­21 Page 4­21 Page 4­21 Page 4­22 Page 4­22 Page 4­26 Page 4­27 Page 4­27 Page 4­28 Page 4­29 Page 4­30 Page 4­33 Page 4­36 Page 4­37 Page 4­39 Page 4­39 Page 4­39 Page 4­39 Page 4­40 Page 4­40 Page 4­41 Page 4­41 Page 4­41

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After Sales Technical Documentation Receiver IF Circuit, RX part of CRFRT Last IF Filter Transmitter Modulator Circuit, TX part of CRFRT Upconversion Mixer TX Interstage Filters 1st TX Buffer 2nd TX Buffer Power Amplifier Power Control Circuitry Frequency Synthesizers Referency Oscillator VHF PLL VHF VCO + Buffer UHF PLL UHF VCO + Buffer UHF VCO Buffers PLL Circuit Interconnection Diagram of Baseband Block Diagram of RF RF Frequency Plan Power Distribution Diagram of RF Circuit Diagram of Charger Control (Version 1.0 ; Edit 15) Circuit Diagram of 4 MBit Flash Memory (Version 3.0 ; Edit 22) Block Diagram of Baseband Circuit Diagram of Power Supply & Charging Circuit Diagram of Central Processing Unit Circuit Diagram of MCU Memory Block Circuit Diagram of Keyboard & Display Interface Circuit Diagram of Audio Circuit Diagram of DSP Memory Block Circuit Diagram of RFI Circuit Diagram of Receiver Circuit Diagram of Transceiver Layout Diagrams of GT8 Layout Diagrams of GT8 Parts list of GT8 (EDMS Issue 4.5)

NHE­5 System Module Page 4­42 Page 4­42 Page 4­42 Page 4­43 Page 4­44 Page 4­44 Page 4­45 Page 4­45 Page 4­45 Page 4­46 Page 4­47 Page 4­47 Page 4­48 Page 4­48 Page 4­49 Page 4­49 Page 4­49 Page 4­50 Page 4­51 Page 4­52 Page 4­53 Page 4­54 Page 4­55 Page 4­56 Page 4­57 Page 4­58 Page 4­59 Page 4­60 Page 4­61 Page 4­62 Page 4­63 Page 4­64 Page 4­65 Page 4­66 Page 4­67 Page 4­68 Page 4­69

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NHE­5 System Module

After Sales Technical Documentation

Introduction
GT8 is the baseband/RF module NHE­5 cellular tranceiver. The GT8 module carries out all the system and RF functions of the tranceiver. System module GT8 is designed for a handportable phone, that operate in GSM system.

Technical Section
All functional blocks of the system module are mounted on a single multi layer printed circuit board. The chassis of the radio unit has separating walls for baseband and RF. All components of the baseband section are surface mountable. They are soldered using reflow. The connections to accessories are taken through the bottom connector of the radio unit. The connections to the User Interface module (UIF) are fed through a connector. There is no physical connector between the RF and baseband sections.

External and Internal Connections
The system module has two connector, external bottom connector and internal display module connector.

System Connector X103

13

15

14

16

7 S0001130 18 1

12 17 6 20 19

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After Sales Technical Documentation Accessory Connector Pin: 1 2 Name: GND V_OUT Description: Digital ground Accessory output supply · min/typ/max: 3.25...10 V (output current 50 mA)

NHE­5 System Module

3

XMIC

ID

External microphone input and accessory identification · nom/max: 8...50 mV (the maximum value corresponds to 0 dBm network level with input amplifier gain set to 20 dB, typical value is maximum value ­16 dB) Accessory identification · 1.7...2.05 V headset adapter connected · 1.15...1.4 V compact hadsfree unit connected No connection No connection Serial control bus · logic low level: 0...0.5 V · logic high level: 2.4...3.2 V No connection Signal ground External audio output and mute control · min/nom/max: 0...32...500 mV (typical level corrensponds to ­16 dBm0 network level with volume control in nominal position 8 dB below maximum. Maximum 0 dBm0 max. volume codec gain ­6 dB) · mute on (HF speaker mute): 0...0.5 V d.c. · mute off (HF speaker active): 1.0...1.7 V d.c. Hook control, accessory connection detect · hook off (handset in use) : 0...0.5 V · hook on, (handset not in use): 2.4...3.2 V No connection Charging supply voltage · max: 16 V

4 5 6

NC NC MBUS

7 8 9

NC SGND XEAR

10

HOOK

11 12

NC V_IN

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NHE­5 System Module Battery Connector Pin: 13 14 Name: BGND BSI Description: Battery ground Battery size indicator (used also for SIM card detection) · R2=47k pullup resistor in module Battery temperature (used also for vibration alert) · 47 k NTC in battery to gnd, 47 k pullup in module Battery voltage · min/typ/max: 5.3...6...8.6 V Description:

After Sales Technical Documentation

15

BTEMP

16 Charging connectors Pin: 17, 19

VB

Name: V_IN

Charging voltage input · ACH­6 min/nom/max: 9.8...10.3...10.8 V · ACH­8 min/nom/max: 12...14...16 V Charger ground

18, 20

GND

UI Connector X101
Pin: 1 Name: EARP Description: Earphone positive signal · min/typ/max: 0...14...220 mV (typical level corrensponds to ­16 dBm0 network level with volume control giving nominal RLR (=+2 dB) 8 dB below maximum. Maximum 0 dBm0 with max. volume (codec gain ­11 dB) Earphone negative signal · min/typ/max: 0...14...220 mV (see above) Battery supply · min/max: 5.3...8.5 V Alert buzzer (audio codec PWM controlled) Input Shield ground Input

2 3 4 5­7 8­10 11­13

EARN VBKEY BUZZER ROW(0­2) GND ROW(3­5)

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After Sales Technical Documentation Pin: 14 15­18 19 20 Name: LIGHTC COL(0­3) PWRKEY GND Description: Keyboard light Output Power on/off Digital ground

NHE­5 System Module

Flash Connector X103
Pin: 1 2 3 Name: WDDIS FCLK VPP Description: Watchdog disable, signal pulled down to disable watchdog, test point J300 Flash serial clock, test point J303 Flash programming voltage · min/typ/max: 11.4...12...12.6 V (values when VPP active), test point J304 Flash acknowledge transmit, test point J302 Flash data receive, test point J301

4 5

FTX FRX

SIM Connector X102
Pin: 1 2 3 4 5 Name: GND VSIM SDATA SRES CLK Description: Ground for SIM SIM voltage supply · min/typ/max: 4.8...4.9...5.0 V Serial data for SIM Reset for SIM Clock for SIM data (clock frequency minimum 1 MHz if clock stopping not allowed)

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Baseband Block
Introduction
The GT8 module is used in NHE­5 products. The baseband is built around one DSP, System ASIC and the MCU. The DSP performs all speech and GSM/PCN related signal processing tasks. The baseband power supply is 3V except for the A/D and D/A converters that are the interface to the RF section. The A/D converters used for battery monitoring are integrated into the same device as the signal processing converters. The audio codec is a separate device which is connected to both the DSP and the MCU. The audio codec support the internal and external microphone/earpiece functions. External audio is connected in a dual ended fashion to improve audio quality together with accessories. The baseband implementation support a 32 kHz sleep clock function for power saving. The 32 kHz clock is used for timing purposes during inactive periods between paging blocks. This arrangement allows the reference clock, derived from RF to be switched off. The baseband clock reference is derived from the RF section and the reference frequency is 13 MHz. a low level sinusoidal wave form is fed to the ASIC which acts as the clock distribution circuit. The DSP is running at 39 MHz using an internal PLL. The clock frequency supplied to the DSP is 13 MHz. The MCU bus frequency is the same as the input frequency. The system ASIC provides both 13 MHz and 6.5 MHz as alternative frequencies. The MCU clock frequency is programmable by the MCU. The baseband uses 6.5 MHz as the MCU operating frequency. The RF A/D, D/A converters are operated using the 13 MHz clock supplied from the system ASIC The power supply and charging section supplies several types of battery technologies. such as , NiCd, NiMH and Lithium. The battery charging unit is designed to accept constant current type chargers, that are approved by NMP. The power supply IC contains three different regulators. The output voltage from each regulator is 3.15V nominal. One of the regulator uses an external transistor as the boost transistor.

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Modes of Operation
The baseband in operates in the following Modes ­ Active, as during a call or when baseband circuitry is operating ­ Sleep, in this mode the clock to the baseband is stopped and timing is kept by the 32 KHz oscillator. All Baseband circuits are powered ­ Acting dead, in this mode the battery is charged but only necessary functions for charging are running ­ Power off, in this mode all baseband circuits are powered off. The regulator IC N301 is powered

Circuit Description
Power Supply
L308

VBAT to RF
V450
Not Assembled

VBAT
5.3 ... 8.6 V

L300

CRFCONT N601

L451

VB (to illumination leds) VRF
V306

4.50 V N450

VL
L306

L311

CHARGER
16.5 V max.

CHARGER UNIT
V305

L310
5,21,37 39,44 6,32 41

PSCLD N301
35 40

43

VLCD
3.16 V L150

L301

42 4,20,38 Not Assembled

VLC
3.16 V D150 D400

CHARGND
L302

AGND

GND

L410

VA
3.16 V N200

VSL
L152 L153

VLCRAM
3.16 V D410 D411

VSLRC
3.16 V D151; pin 124 L151

L304

VSIM

VLDSP
D152 L450

BATGND
Not Assembled

L309 BGND

VSLC 3.16 V
D151 D402 D404

VLRFI
3.16 V N450

The power supply for the baseband is the main battery. The main battery consists of 5 NiCd or NiMH cells with a nominal voltage of 6.0V. A charger input is used to charge the battery. Two different chargers can be used for charging the battery. A switch mode type fast charger that can deliver 780 mA and a standard charger that can deliver 265 mA. The idle voltage for the fast and standard charger see NO TAG. Both chargers are of constant current type.

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The baseband has one power supply circuit, N301 delivering power to the different parts in the baseband. There are two logic power supply and one analog power supply. The analog power supply VA is used for analog circuits such as audio codec, N200 and microphone bias circuitry. Due to the current consumption and the baseband architecture the digital supply is divided into to parts. Both digital power supply rails from the N301, PSCLD is used to distribute the power dissipation inside N301, PSCLD. The main logic power supply VL has an external power transistor, V306 to handle the power dissipation that will occur when the battery is fully charged or during charging. D151, ASIC and the MCU SRAM, D402/D403 are connected to the same logic supply voltage. All other digital circuits are connected to the main digital supply. The analog voltage supply is connected to the audio codec. Charging Control Switch Functional Description The charging switch transistor V304 controls the charging current from the charger input to the battery. During charging the transistor is forced in saturation and the voltage drop over the transistor is 0.2­0.4V depending upon the current delivered by the charger. Transistor V304 is controlled by the PWM output from N301, pin 23 via resistors R309, R308 and transistor V303. The output from N301 is of open drain type. When transistor V304 is conducting the output from N301 pin is low. In this case resistors R305 and R306 are connected in parallel with R304. This arrangement increases the base current through V304 to put it into saturation. Transistors V304, V302, V303 and V312 forms a simple voltage regulator circuitry. The reference voltage for this circuitry is taken from zener diode V301. The feedback for the regulator is taken from the collector of V304. When the PWM output from N301 is active, low, the feedback voltage is determined by resistors R308 and R309. This arrangement makes the charger control switch circuitry to act as a programmable voltage regulator with two output voltages depending upon the state of the PWM output from N301. When the PWM is inactive, in high impedance the feedback voltage is almost the same as on the collector of V304. Due to the connection the voltage on V303 and V302 emitters are the same. The influence of the current thru R305 and R306 can be neglected in this case. The charging switch circuit diagram is shown in following figure. The figure is for reference only.

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This feedback means that the system regulates the output voltage from V304 in such a way that the base of V303 and V302 are at the same voltage. The voltage on V302 is determined by the V301 zener voltage. The darlington connection of V312 and V302 service two purposes 1 the load on the voltage reference V301 is decreased, 2 the output voltage on V304 is decreased by the VBE voltage on V312 which is a wanted feature. The voltage reduction allows a relative temperature stable zener diode to be used and the output voltage from V304 is at a suitable level when the PWM output from N301 is not active. The circuitry is self starting which means that an empty battery is initially charged by the regulator circuitry around the charging switch transistor. The battery is charged to a voltage of maximum 4.8V. This charging switch circuitry allows for both NiCd, NiMH and Lithium type of batteries to be used. When the PWM output from N301 is active the feedback voltage is changed due to the presence of R308 and R309. When the PWM is active the charging switch regulator voltage is set to 10.5V maximum. This means that even if the voltage on the charger input exceeds 11.5V the battery voltage will not exceed 10.5 V. This protects N301 from over voltage even if the battery was to be detached while charging. V305 is a schottky diode that prevents the battery voltage from reverse bias V304 when the charger is not connected. The leakage current for V305 is increasing with increasing temperature and the leakage current is passed to ground via R308, V303 and R304. This arrangement prevents V304 from being reversed biased as the leakage current increases at high temperatures. V300 is a 16V transient suppressor. V300 protects the charger input and in particular V304 for over voltage. The cut off voltage is 16V with a maximum surge voltage up to 25V. V300 also protects the input for wrong polarity since the transient suppressor is bipolar.

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NHE­5 System Module Power Supply Regulator PSCLD, N301

After Sales Technical Documentation

The power supply regulators are integrated into the same circuit N301. The power supply IC contains three different regulators. The main digital power supply regulator is implemented using an external power transistor V306. The other two regulators are completely integrated into N301.

PSCLD, N301 External Components N301 performs the required power on timing. The PSCLD, N301 internal power on and reset timing is defined by the external capacitor C330. This capacitor determines the internal reset delay, which is applied when the PSCLD, N301 is initially powered by applying the battery. The baseband power on delay is determined by C311. With a value of 10 nF the power on delay after a power on request has been active is in the range of 50­150 ms. C310 determines the PSCLD, N301 internal oscillator frequency and the minimum power off time when power is switched off. The sleep control signal from the ASIC, D151 is connected via PSCLD, N301. During normal operation the baseband sleep function is controlled by the ASIC, D151 but since the ASIC is not power up during the startup phase the sleep signal is controlled by PSCLD, N301 as long as the PURX signal is active. This arrangement ensures that the 13 MHz clock provided from RF to the ASIC, D151 is started and stable before the PURX signal is released and the baseband exits reset. When PURX is inactive, high, sleep control signal is controlled by the ASIC D151. N301 requires capacitors on the input power supply as well as on the output from each regulator to keep each regulator stable during different load and temperature conditions. C305 and C335 are the input filtering capacitors. Due to EMC precautions a filter using C337, L310, C335, L311, C338 and C339 has been inserted into the supply rail. This filter reduces the high frequency components present at the battery supply from exiting the baseband into the battery pack. The regulator outputs also have filter capacitors for power supply filtering

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and regulator stability. A set of different capacitors are used to achieve a high bandwith in the suppression filter. PSCLD, N301 Control Bus The PSCLD, N301 is connected to the baseband common serial control bus, SCONB(5:0). This bus is a serial control bus from the ASIC, D151 to several devices on the baseband. This bus is used by the MCU to control the operation of N301 and other devices connected to the bus. N301 has two internal 8 bit registers and the PWM register used for charging control. The registers contain information for controlling reset levels, charging HW limits, watchdog timer length and watchdog acknowledge. The control bus is a three wire bus with chip select for each device on the bus and serial clock and data. From PSCLD, N301 point of view the bus can be used for writing only. It is not possible to read data from PSCLD, N301 by using this bus. The MCU can program the HW reset levels when the baseband exits/enters reset. The programmed values remains until PSCLD is powered off, the battery is removed. At initial PSCLD, N301 power on the default reset level is used. The default value is 5.1 V with the default hysteresis of 400 mV. This means that reset is exit at 5.5 V when the PSCLD, N301 is powered for the first time. The watchdog timer length can be programmed by the MCU using the serial control bus. The default watchdog time is 32 s with a 50 % tolerance. The complete baseband is powered off if the watchdog is not acknowledged within the specified time. The watchdog is running while PSCLD, N301 is powering up the system but PURX is active. This arrangement ensures that if for any reason the battery voltage doesn't increase above the reset level within the watchdog time the system is powered off by the watchdog. This prevents a faulty battery from being charged continuously even if the voltage never exceeds the reset limit. As the time PURX is active is not exactly known, depends upon startup condition, the watchdog is internally acknowledged in PSCLD when PURX is released. This gives the MCU always the same time to respond to the first watchdog acknowledge. Baseband power off is initiated by the MCU and power off is performed by writing the smallest value to the watchdog timer register. This will power off the baseband within 0.5 ms after the watchdog write operation. The PSCLD, N301 also contains switches for connecting the charger voltage and the battery voltage to the baseband A/D converters. Since the battery voltage is present and the charger voltage might be present in power off the A/D converter signals must be connected using switches. The switch state can be changed by the MCU via the serial control bus. When PURX is active both switches are open to prevent battery/charger voltage from being applied to the baseband measurement circuitry which is powered off. Before any measurement can be performed both switches must be closed by MCU.

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NHE­5 System Module Charger Detection

After Sales Technical Documentation

A charger is detected if the voltage on N301 pin 28 is higher than 0.5V. The charger voltage is scaled externally to PSCLD, N301 using resistors R302 and R303. With the implemented resistor values the corresponding voltage at the charger input is 2.8V. Due to the multifunction of the charger detection signal from PSCLD, N301 to ASIC, D151 the charger detection line is not forced ,active high until PURX is inactive. In case PURX is inactive the charger detection signal is directly passed to D151. The active high on pin 14 generates and interrupt to MCU which then starts the charger detection task in SW. SIM Interface and Regulator in N301 The SIM card regulator and interface circuitry is integrated into PSCLD, N301. The benefit from this is that the interface circuits are operating from the same supply voltage as the card, avoiding the voltage drop caused by the external switch used in previous designs. The PSCLD, N301 SIM interface also acts as voltage level shifting between the SIM interface in the ASIC, D151 operating at 3V and the card operating at 5V. Interface control in PSCLD is direct from ASIC, D151 SIM interface using SIMI(5:0) bus. The MCU can select the power supply voltage for the SIM using the serial control bus. The default value is 3V which needs to be changed to 5V before power up the SIM interface in ASIC, D151. Regulator enable and disable is controlled by the ASIC via SIMI(2). For further operation of the SIM interface see section NO TAG. Power Up Sequence The baseband can be powered up in three different ways. ­ When the power switch is pressed input pin 25 to PSCLD, N301 is connected to ground and this switches on the regulators inside PSCLD. ­ An other way to power up is to connect the charger. Connecting the charger causes the baseband to power up and start charging the battery. ­ The third way to power the system up is to attach the battery.

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VL VSL PSCLD N301 VBAT
5,21,37 39,44 25 40 35 26

NHE­5 System Module
VA 32 kHz
Purx Serial Bus VCXO Enable CHARGAlarm 22 23 13 MHz 125 126 83 84 MCU Clock 82 Watchdog Register 81 MCU Reset

120

16,18,19 17 14

ASIC D151

DSP Reset DSP Clock

130 129

Pwr Switch Watchdog disable

28 30 13 15

CRFCONT 14 N601

VCXO

C310 48 51

SRAM, FLASH CHARGER CHARGER UNIT D403 D400

Address Bus

MCU D150
Data Bus

Power up using Power on Button This is the most common way to power the system up. This power up is successful if the battery voltage is higher than power on reset level set by the MCU, default value 5.5V in PSCLD, N301. The power up sequence is started when the power on input pin 25 at PSCLD is activated, low. The PSCLD then internally enters the reset state where the regulators are switched on. At this state the PWM output from PSCLD is forced active to support additional power from any charger connected. The sleep control output signal is forced high enabling the regulator to supply the VCO and startup the clock. After the power on reset delay of 50­150 ms PURX is released and the system exits reset. The PWM output is still active until the MCU writes the first value to the PWM register. The watchdog has to be acknowledged within 16 s after that PURX has changed to inactive state Power Up with Empty Battery using Charger When the charger is inserted into the DC jack or charger voltage is supplied at the system connector surface contacts/pins PSCLD , N301 powers up the baseband. The charging control switch is operating as a linear regulator, the output voltage is 4.5V­5V. This allows the battery to be charged immediately when the charger is connected. This way of operation guarantees successful power up procedure with empty battery. In case of empty battery the only power source is the charger. When the battery has been initially charged and the voltage is higher than the PSCLD, N301 switch on voltage the sleep control signal which is connected to the PSCLD for power saving function sleep mode, enters inactive state, high, to enable the regulator that controls the power supply to the VCO to be started. The ASIC, D151 which normally controls the sleep control line has the sleep output inactive, low as long as the system reset, PURX is active, low, from PSCLD. After a delay of about 5­10 ms the system

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reset output PURX from PSCLD enters high state. This delay is to ensure that the clock is stable when the ASIC exits reset. The sleep control output from the PSCLD that has been driving an output until now, returns the control to the sleep signal from the ASIC as the PURX signal goes inactive. When the PURX signal goes inactive, high, the charge detection output at PSCLD, that is in input mode when PURX is active, switches to output and goes high indicating that a charger is present. When the system reset, PURX, goes high the sleep control line is forced inactive, high, by the ASIC, D151 via PSCLD, N301. Once the system has exited reset the battery is initially charged until the MCU writes a new value to the PWM in PSCLD. If the watchdog is not acknowledged the battery charging is switched off when the PSCLD shuts off the power to the baseband. The PSCLD will not enter the power on mode again until the charger has been extracted and inserted again or the power switch has been pressed. The battery is charged as long as the power on line, PWRONX is active low. This is done to allow the phone to be started manually from the power button with the charger inserted not having to extract the charger to get a power up if the battery is empty. Power On Reset Operation The system power up reset is generated by the regulator IC, N301. The reset is connected to the ASIC, D151 that is put into reset whenever the reset signal, PURX is low. The ASIC, D151 then resets the DSP, D152 the MCU, D150 and the digital parts in N450. When reset is removed the clock supplied to the ASIC, D151 is enabled inside the ASIC. At this point the 32 kHz oscillator signal is not enabled inside the ASIC, since the oscillator is still in the startup phase. To start up the block requiring 32 kHz clock the MCU must enable the 32 kHz clock. The MCU reset counter is now started and the MCU reset is still kept active, low. 6.5 MHz clock is started to MCU in order to put the MCU, D150 into reset, MCU is a synchronous reset device and needs clock to reset. The reset to MCU is put inactive after 128 MCU clock cycles and MCU is started. DSP, D152 and N450 reset is kept is kept active when the clock inside the ASIC, D151 is started. 13 MHz clock is started to DSP, D152 and puts it into reset, D152 is a synchronous reset device and requires clock to enter reset. N450 digital parts are reset asynchronously and do not need clock to be supported to enter reset. As both the MCU, D151 and DSP, D152 are synchronous reset devices all interface signals connected between these devices and ASIC D151 which are used as I/O are set into input mode on the ASIC, D151 side during reset. This avoids bus conflicts to occur before the MCU, D150 and the DSP, D152 are actually reset. The DSP, D152 and N450 reset signal remains active after that the MCU has exited reset. The MCU writes to the ASIC register to disable the DSP reset. This arrangement allows the MCU to reset the DSP, D152 and N450 when ever needed. The MCU can put DSP into reset by writing the reset active in the ASIC, D151 register

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MCU
The baseband uses a Hitachi H3001 type of MCU. This is a 16­bit internal MCU with 8­bit external data bus. The MCU is capable of addressing up to 16 MByte of memory space linearly depending upon the mode of operation. The MCU has a non multiplexed address/data bus which means that memory access can be done using less clock cycles thus improving the performance but also tightening up memory access requirements. The MCU is used in mode 3 which means 8­bit external data bus and 16 Mbyte of address space. The MCU operating frequency is equal to the supplied clock frequency. The MCU has 512 bytes of internal SRAM. The MCU has one serial channel, USART that can operate in synchronous and asynchronous mode. The USART is used in the MBUS implementation. Clock required for the USART is generated by the internal baud rate generator. The MCU has 5 internal timers that can be used for timing generation. Timer TIOCA0 input pin 71 is used for generation of netfree signal from the MBUS receive signal which is connected to the MCU USART receiver input on pin 2. The MCU contains 4 10­bit A/D converters channels that are used for baseband monitoring. For A/D converter channel usage see section NO TAG. The MCU, D150 has several programmable I/O ports which can be configured by SW. Port 4 which multiplexed with the LSB part of the data bus is used baseband control. In the mode the MCU is operating this port can be used as an I/O port and not as part of the data bus, D0­D7. MCU Access and Wait State Generation The MCU can access external devices in 2 state access or 3 state access. In two state access the MCU uses two clock cycles to access data from the external device In 3 state access the MCU uses 3 clock cycles to access the external device or more if wait states are enabled. The wait state controller can operate in different modes. In this case the programmable wait mode is used. This means that the programmed amount of wait states in the wait control register are inserted when an access is performed to a device located in that area. For area split see NO TAG. The complete address space is divided into 8 areas each area covering 2 MByte of address space. The access type for each area can be set by bits in the access state control register. Further more the wait state function can be enabled separately for each area by the wait state controller enable register. This means that in 3 state access two types of acccess can be performed with a fixed setting: ­ 3 state access without wait states ­ 3 state access with the amount of wait states inserted determined by the wait control register

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If the wait state controller is not enabled for a 3 state access area no waits states are inserted when accessing that area even if the wait control register contains a value that differs from 0 states.

MCU Flash Loading
The flash loading equipment is connected to the baseband by means of the test connector before the module is cut out from the frame. Updating SW on a final product is done by removing the battery and connect a special battery that contains the necessary contacting elements. The contacts on the baseband board are test points that are accessable when the battery is detached. The power supply for the base band is supplied via the adapter and controlled by the flash programming equipment. The base band module is powered up when the power is connected to the battery contact pins. Five signals are required for the flash programming, with the addition of the battery supply. The baseband MCU will automatically wait for flash down loading to be performed if one of the two following criteria are met. ­ The flash is found to be empty when tested by the MCU ­ The serial clock line at the baseband MCU is forced low when the MCU is exiting reset The second alternative is used for reprogramming as the flash is not empty in this case. To allow the serial clock line to be forced low during MCU initial boot there is a requirement that the flash prommer can control the power on of the baseband module. This is done by controlling the switching of the battery power supply. This arrangement allows the baseband module to operate in normal mode even if the flash prommer is connected but not active. The flash prommer also disables the power supply watchdog during flash programming to prevent unwanted power off of the baseband. The programming voltage to the flash is applied when the flash prommer has detected that the baseband module is powered. This detection is performed by monitoring the serial interface RX line from the baseband. The RX line is pulled high by a pullup resistor in idle. The VPP voltage is set to 5V as it is not known at this point what type of device is used. The following diagram shows the block diagram for the baseband flash programming circuitry.

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After Sales Technical Documentation
X300
VPP FRX FTX 1 2 3 VLC FLASH pin11 Vpp 2,71 1 PSCLD pin 26 PurX Master Reset 120

NHE­5 System Module

MCU D150 Internal
3

56 WrX 55 RdX 48 MCUResX 51 MCUClk MCUAdrress

55 56 81 82

ASIC D151

R315
FCLK 4 PSCLD pin 22 WDDis

RAM BOOT ROM
MCUData

WDDis 5 GND 6

GND

49

VBAT

Programming Voltage Vpp Flash Prommer RAMCSelX

5...

22 26 ASIC pin 120 PurX

11

30 5 MCU pin 56 WrX MCU pin 55 RdX

PSCLD N301
40

FLASH D400
12(10) 9(24) 37(24) 38(9)

SRAM D403
32

VL,VSL

ASIC pin 51 CSelX ASIC pin 130 PwrDown

MCU pin 56 WrX

MCU pin 55 RdX

The following picture shows the location of the flash programming contact pads on the PCB. These pads are used for SW updating at after sales locations. A special battery pack is used for this purpose. The battery pack contains contacting elements that can access these pads without having to disassemble the phone. WDDIS FCLK VPP FTX FRX

D152

The interface lines between the flash prommer and the baseband are in low state when power is not connected by the flash prommer. The data transfer between the flash programming equipment and the base band is synchronous and the clock is generated by the flash prommer. The same MCU USART that is used for MBUS communication is used for the serial synchronous communication. The PSCLD watchdog is disabled when the flash loading battery pack and cable is connected.

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After the flash battery pack adapter has been mounted or the test connector has been connected to the board the power to the baseband module is connected by the flash prommer or the test equipment. All interface lines are kept low except for the data transmit from the baseband that is in reception mode on the flash prommer side, this signal is called TXF. The MCU boots from ASIC and investigates the status of the synchronous clock line. If the clock input line from the flash prommer is low or no valid SW is located in the flash MCU forces the initially high TXF line low acknowledging to the flash prommer that it is ready to accept data. The flash prommer sends data length, 2 bytes, on the RXF data line to the baseband. The MCU acknowledges the 2 data byte reception by pulling the TXF line high. The flash prommer now transmits the data on the RXF line to the MCU. The MCU loads the data into the internal SRAM. After having received the transferred data correctly MCU puts the TXF line low and jumps into internal SRAM and starts to execute the code. After a guard time of 1 ms the TXF line is put high by the MCU. After 1 ms the TXF is put low indicating that the external SRAM test is going on. After further 1 ms the TXF is put high indicating that external SRAM test has passed. The MCU performs the flash memory identification based upon the identifiers specified in the Flash Programming Specifications. In case of an empty device, identifier locations shows FFH, the flash device code is read and transmitted to the Flash Prommer. External SRAM Internal SRAM Boot OK Reset execution begin Length OK test going on Ready to send Flash ID

External SRAM test passed

TXF

1 ms After that the device mounted on base band has been identified the Flash Prommer down loads the appropriate algorithm to the baseband. The programming algorithm is stored in the external SRAM on the baseband module and after having down loaded the algorithm and data transfer SW, MCU jumps to the external SRAM and starts to execute the code. The MCU now asks the prommer to connect the flash programming power supply. This SW loads the data to be programmed into the flash and implements the programming algorithm that has been down loaded.

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Flash Prommer Connection Using Dummy Battery
For MCU SW updating in the field a special battery adapter can be used to connect to the test points which are accessable through 5 holes in the chassis, located behind the battery. Supply voltage must be connected to this dummy battery as well as the flash programming equipment

Flash, D400
A 4 MBit Boot Block flash is used as the main program memory, D400 the device is 3 V read/program with external 12V VPP for programming. The device has a lockable boot sector. This function is not used since the complete code is reprogrammed. The Boot sector is located at the "bottom", definition by Intel, address 00000H­03FFFH. The block is unlocked by a logic high state on pin 12. This logic high level is generated from VPP. The device can be programmed by a VPP of 5V but the programming procedure takes longer. To improve programming the programming voltage used is 12V. The speed of the device is 110 ns although the requirement is 150 ns. The MCU operating at 6.5 MHz will access the flash in 2 state access, requiring 150 ns access time from the memory.

SRAM D402, D403
The baseband is designed to take two different size of SRAMs, 32kx8 and 128kx8, not at the same time. The required speed is 150 ns as the MCU will operate at 6.5 MHz and the SRAM will be accessed in 2 state access. The SRAM has no battery backup which means that the content is lost even during short power supply disconnections. As shown in the memory map the SRAM is not accessable after boot until the MCU has enabled the SRAM access by writing to the ASIC register. EEPROM D401 The baseband is designed to take an 8kx8 parallel EEPROM. In addition to that a serial 2kx8 device using I2C bus is also designed on the baseband. HD842 will use the 2kx8 serial device over the I2C bus. The I2C bus protocol is implemented in SW and the physical implementation is performed on MCU Port 4. The parallel device is connected to the MCU data and address bus. The ASIC generates chip select for the EERPROM. To avoid unwanted EEPROM access there is an EERPOM access bit in the ASIC MCU interface. This bit mus be set to allow for EERPOM access. This bit is cleared by default after reset. After each access this bit should be cleared to prevent unwanted EEPROM access. The parallel device used support page mode writing, 64 byte page. One page can be written by the MCU and after that the internal programming procedure is started. The page write operation is internally timed in the device and consecutive bytes must be written within 100 us. During this operation all interrupts must be disabled.

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MCU and Peripherals
MCU Port P4 Usage MCU, D150 port 4 is used for baseband control. Port Pin P40 P41 P42 P43 P44 P45 P46 P47 MCU pin Control Function 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 EEPROM SCK EEPROM SDA EEPROM write enable Headset mic amplifier bias Active low Active loew Display driver reset Remark Active low

Baseband A/D Converter Channels usage in N450 and D150
The auxiliary A/D converter channels inside RFI2, N450 are used by MCU to measure battery voltage. The A/D converters are accessed by the DSP, D152 via the ASIC, D151. The required resolution is 10 bit. The MCU has 4 10 bit A/D channels which are used for baseband voltage monitoring. The MCU can measure charger voltage, battery size, battery temperature and accessory detection by using it's own converters.

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After Sales Technical Documentation Baseband N450 A/D Converter Channel Usage Name: Chan 0 Chan 1 Chan 2 Chan 3 Chan 4 Chan 5 Chan 6 Chan 7 Name: Chan 0 Chan 1 Chan 2 Chan 3 Battery voltage Usage: Usage: Battery voltage Charger voltage Battery size indic. Input volt. range 5...9 V 5...16 V 0...3.2 V Not used Not used Remark

NHE­5 System Module

Battery voltage when TX is active

Battery temperature 0...3.2 V System board temp. 0...3.2 V Accessory detection 0...3.2 V 0...3.2 V 5...9 V Input volt. range Battery volt. TX inactive Remark

MCU Baseband A/D Converter Channel Usage

Battery temperature 0...3.2 V Charger voltage 5...16 V Accessory detection 0...3.2 V Battery size indicator 0...3.2 V

Battery Voltage Measurement The battery voltage is measured using RFI2, N450 A/D converter channel 0 and 7. The converter value supplied from channel 7 is measured when the transmitter is active. This measurement gives the minimum battery voltage. The value from channel 0 is measured when the transmitter is inactive. The battery voltage supplied to the A/D converter input is switched off when the baseband is in power off. The battery voltage measurement voltage is supplied by PSCLD, N301 which performs scaling, the scaling factor is R1(R1+R2), and switch off. The measurement voltage is filtered by a capacitor to achieve an average value that is not depending upon the current consumption behavior of the baseband. To be able to measure the battery voltage during transmission pulse the time constant must be short. The value for the filtering capacitor is set to 1 nF, C319. The scaling factor used to scale the battery voltage must be 1:3, which means that 9V battery voltage will give 3V A/D converter input voltage. The A/D converter value in decimal can be calculated using the following formula: A/D = 1023xR1xUBAT/((R1+R2)xUref) = 1023xUBATxK where K is the scaling factor. K = R1/((R1+R2)xUref).

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The charger voltage is measured to determine the type of charger used. MCU A/D converter channel 1 is used for this purpose. The input circuitry to the charger measurement A/D channel implements an LP­filter. The input voltage must be scaled before it is fed to the A/D converter input. Due to the high input voltage range scaling is performed outside PSCLD, N301. The scaling factor required is 22/(22+100) = 0.18. The charger voltage measurement switch is integrated into PSCLD, N301. Charger voltage is not supplied to the A/D converter input in power off mode. This is done to protect the A/D converter input in case power is switched off and the charger remains connected to the baseband. The charger A/D converter value can be calculated using the same formula as described in above section. The resistor values are different since the scaling factor is larger. Battery Size Resistor Measurement The battery size, capacity is determined by measuring the voltage on the BSI pin on the battery pack when the battery is attached to the phone. The MCU A/D converter channel 3 is used for this purpose. The BSI signal is pulled up on the base band using a 47 kohm resistor and the resistor inside the battery pack is reflecting the capacity of the battery. There are two special cases to be detected by the MCU. The first case is the Lithium battery. The Lithium battery has reserved values in the battery size table. Lithium type batteries are all the same from charging point of view. Lithium batteries are charged to a constant voltage and charging is aborted when the predefined voltage is reached. The Lithium battery capacity is a function of the battery voltage. The battery voltage drops linearly as the battery is discharged. The other case that has to be handled is the dummy battery. This battery is used for A/D converter field calibration at service centers and together with a defined voltage on the BTEMP pin on the battery pack to put the baseband into Local mode in production. Battery sizes below 250 mAh will be treated as dummy battery. The different battery size values are shown in tthe table below . The battery size A/D converter value can be calculated using the following formula: A/D = RSI/(RSI+47 k)x1023 where RSI is the value of the resistor inside the battery pack.

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After Sales Technical Documentation Battery Size and A/D Converter Value Battery Type Dummy Standar battery Extended battery Slim Lithium Lithium Battery pack resistor Capacity BSI volt. 1 k 2 % 6.19 k 2 % 9.09 k 2 % 3.3 k 2 % 68 k 2 % 82 k 2 % <250 mAh 0.07 900 mAh 0.37 1200 mAh 0.52 500 mAh 0.21 400 mAh 1.86 8.6 V 2

NHE­5 System Module

A/D conv value 21 (83) 119 (467) 166 (664) 67 (268) 605 (2420) 650 (2601)

Battery Temperatur Measurement The battery temperature is measured during charging. The BTEMP pin to the battery is pulled up on baseband by a 47 kohm resistor to logic supply voltage, 3.2V. The voltage on the BTEMP pin is a function of the battery pack temperature. Auxiliary A/D channel 3 is used for this purpose. Inside the battery pack there is a 47 kohm NTC resistor to ground. The A/D converter value can be calculated from the following formula: A/D = RNTC/(RNTC+47 kohm)x1023 where RNTC is the value of the NTC resistor inside the battery pack. The relation ship between different battery temperature, BTEMP voltage and A/D converter values are shown in following table. A/D Converter Values for Different Battery Temperatures Bat. temp. NTC value Dummy ­25 0 25 50 70 1 k 745.60 k 164.96 k 47 k 16.26 k 7.78 k BTEMP voltage 0.06 V 2.96 V 2.45 V 1.58 V 0.81 V 0.45 V A/D conv. value 21 962 796 512 263 145

Compact HF & Headset Detection Auxiliary A/D channel 4 is used to detect accessories connected to the system connector using the XMIC. To be able to determine which accessory has been connected MCU measures the DC voltage on the XMIC input. The accessory is detected in accordance with the CAP Accessory specifications. Not all accessories are supported by the HD842 base band that are specified in the CAP Accessory specification.

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The base band has a pull­up resistor network of 32 kohm to VA. The accessory has a pull down. The A/D converter value can be calculated using the following formula: A/D = (ACCI+10 k)/(ACCI+32 k)x1023 where ACCI is the d.c. input impedance of the accessory device connected to the system connector. The different values for acceptable accessories are given in the following table. The values in below table are calculated using 5 % resistor values and power supply range 3­3.3 V. Due to that the pull up resistor in the XMIC line is divided into two resistors the voltage at the A/D converter input is different from that on the XMIC. Accessory Detection Voltage Acc. type Acc. resistance Voltage on A/D converter channel 5 (min/typ/max) 2.1...2.3...2.45 1.7...1.9...2.05 A/D converter value(min/max) 717...758 581...631

Headset

47 k

Compact 22 k HF

Keyboard Interface
The keypad matrix is located on a PCB and the interface to the base band is by using connector X101. The electrical specifications are shown in NO TAG. The power on key is also connected to the PSCLD to switch power on. Due to the internal pull up inside PSCLD, N301 to a high voltage, a rectifier, V203 is required in the keypad matrix for the power on keypad to prevent the high voltage to interfere with the keypad matrix. Series resistors, R261­R264 are implemented in the Column output to reduce the EMI radiation to the UI PCB. Capacitors C257­C260 reduces the EMC radiation and absorbs any ESD produced over an air gap to the keymat. As the serial display driver interface uses ROW5 for data transmission series resistors are needed to prevent keypad or double keypad pressing from interfering with the display communication. In a similar way R265­R269 in the ROW lines reduces the EMI to the UI board. Capacitors C251­C256 implements a LP­filter together with each resistor in the ROW line. The capacitors also absorbs ESD pulses over an air gap to the keymat. During idle when no keyboard activity is present the MCU sets the column outputs to "0" and enables the keyboard interrupt. An interrupt is generated when a ROW input is pulled low. Each ROW input on the ASIC, D151 has an internal pull­up. The keyboard interrupt starts up the MCU and the MCU starts the scanning procedure. As there are keypads to be detected outside the matrix the MCU sets all columns to "1" and reads the ROW inputs if a logic "0" is read on any ROW this means that one of the 6 possible non matrix keypads has been pressed. If the result was a "1" on each ROW the MCU writes a "0" on

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each column consecutively while the rest of the column outputs are kept in tri­ state to allow dual keypad activation to be detected. After that the keyboard scanning is completed and no activity is found the MCU writes "0" to all columns, enables the keyboard interrupt and enters sleep mode where the clock to the MCU is stopped. A key press will again start up the MCU.

Keyboard and Display Light
The display and keyboard are illuminated by LED's. The light is normally switched on when a keypad is pressed. The rules for light switching are defined in the SW UI specifications. The display and keyboard light is controlled by the MCU. The LED's are connected two in series to reduce the power consumption. Due to the amount of LED's required for the keyboard and display light they are divided into three groups. Each group has it's own control transistor. The LED switch transistor is connected as a constant current source, which means that the current limiting resistor is put in the emitter circuitry. This arrangement will reduce LED flickering depending upon battery voltage and momentary power consumption of the phone. The LED's are connected straight to the battery voltage. This connection allows two LED's to connected in series. The battery voltage varies a lot depending upon if the battery is charged, full or empty. The switching transistor circuitry is designed to improve this as mentioned earlier. The LED transistor control lines are coming from PSCLD. The MCU controls these lines by writing to PSCLD using the serial control bus. There are two LED control lines provided by the PSCLD. The display light control is connected to a separate control line. The keyboard light control is common to the two transistors. This means that the keyboard and display light can be controlled separately. The advantage of this is that the power dissipation and heating of the phone can be reduced by only having the required lights switched on.

Audio Control
The audio codec N200 is controlled by the MCU, D150. Digital audio is transferred on the CODECB(5:0). PCM data is clock at 512 kHz from the ASIC and the ASIC also generates 8 kHz synchronization signal for the bus. Data is put out on the bus at the rising edge of the clock and read in at the falling edge. Data from the DSP, D152 to the audio codec, N200 is transmitted as a separate signal from data transmitted from the audio codec, N200 to the DSP, D152. The communication is full duplex synchronous. The transmission is started at the falling edge of the synchronization pulse. 16 bits of data is transmitted after each synchronization pulse.

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VB BUZZER
BUZZER DRIVER V201,V202 R209, 210, 211 ... 14

After Sales Technical Documentation
VA CODEC N200
BRIDGE CIRCUIT 23 22 R207,R216,R217 R219,R220 C213,C216 C213,C216 C218 C220 L200

R215 R206

R208 L208

MCU pin 64 A/D Converters

XMIC
X103
pin 8

EARP EARN
L205

L204

5 8 R218 9

SGND MCU D150
Data, Addr Bus IRQ1X 68 78 42,44,46 40 CLK 512 kHz 41 SYNC 8 kHz 29 37 27 33

XEAR
L206 R214

6 21

CLK 11 CSX 12 DATA 13,16 20

Serial Bus

MIC BIAS R201,V200..

19 25 10 41 AUDIO DATA IN 17 24 AUDIO DATA OUT 31

MICP
L201 R203 C203

ASIC D151
122

MICN
L202 R204 R205 C206

X103
SYSTEM CONNECTOR 10

VLC
R168

DSP D152

Data, Addr Bus

EXT AUDIO EQUIPM. INDICATION

R161

The 512 kHz clock is generated form 13 MHz using a PLL type of approach which means that the output frequency is not 512 kHz at any moment. The frequency varies as the PLL adjusts the frequency. The average frequency is 512 kHz. The clock is not supplied to the codec when it is not needed. The clock is controlled by both MCU and DSP. DTMF tones are generated by the audio codec and for that purposes the 512 kHz clock is needed. The MCU must switch on the clock before the DTMF generation control data is transmitted on the serial control bus. The serial control bus uses clock, data and chip select to address the device on the bus. This interface is built in to the ASIC and the MCU writes the destination and data to the ASIC registers. The serial communication is then initiated by the ASIC. Data can be read form the audio codec, N200 via this bus.

Internal Audio
The bias for the internal microphone is generated from the PSCLD, N301 analog output, VA using a bias generator. The bias generation is designed in such a way that common mode signals induced into the microphone capsule wires are suppressed by the input amplifier in the audio codec. The bias generator is controlled by the MCU to save power, the control signal is taken from the audio codec, N200 output latch, pin 21, when the microphone is not used, in idle the bias generator is switched off. The microphone amplifier gain is set by the MCU to match with the used microphone, 35 dB. The microphone amplifier input to the audio codec is a symmetrical input. The microphone signal is connected to the baseband using filtering to prevent EMC radiation and RF PA signal to interfere with the microphone signal. L201

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and C201 forms the first part of this filter. R203 and C202 forms the second part of this filter. A similar filter is used in the negative signal path of the microphone signal. R205 is connected in the ground path for the microphone bias current. R202 supplies the bias current to the microphone from the generator circuitry R201, C200 and V200. A transient suppressor, V204, is connected across the microphone terminals to protect the microphone against ESD. The earpiece amplifier used for the internal earpiece is of differential type and is designed as a bridge amplifier to give the output swing for the required sound pressure. Since the power supply is only 3V a dynamic type ear piece has to be used to achieve the sound pressure. This means that the ear piece is a low impedance type and represents a significant load to the output amplifier. Series inductors are implemented to prevent EMC radiation from the connection on baseband to the earpiece. The same filter also prevents the PA RF field from causing interference in the audio codec, N200 output stage to the earpiece. The buzzer is controlled by the PWM output provided by the audio codec, N200. Transistors V201 and V202 acts as amplifier and, impedance conversion for the low impedance buzzer. The buzzer is driven directly from the battery voltage. As the buzzer is connected to the baseband via the keyboard the battery voltage provided by VBKEY and the buzzer driving signal BUZZER are EMC protected. As the buzzer is a dynamic one the impedance shows a clear inductance. Therefore a free running diode V203 is used to clip the voltage spikes induced in the buzzer line when the buzzer is switched off. The buzzer frequency is determined by the internal setup of N200. The frequency is determined by the MCU via the serial control bus. The output level can be adjusted by the PWM function which is attached to the buzzer output in N200.

External Audio
The external microphone audio signal is applied to the baseband system connector and connected to the audio block using signals XMIC and SGND. In order to improve the external audio performance the input circuitry is arranged in a sort of dual ended. A wheatstone type of bridge configuration is created by resistors R216, R217, R219 and R220. The signal is attenuated around 20 dB to not cause distortion in the microphone amplifier. The microphone signal is attenuated by resistors R216, R207 and R217. Two allow the external earpiece to be driven dual ended the external microphone signal ground is connected to the negative output of the external audio earpiece amplifier. This means that with reference to audio codec, N200 ground there is a signal level on the SGND line. This arrangement requires that the external microphone amplifier supplies the signal on the SGND line to the XMIC line. With this arrangement the differential voltage over R207 caused by the signal in the SGND line is canceled. There is however a common mode component which is relatively high presented at both the external microphone input pins at the audio codec input, pins 22 and 23. The microphone amplifier has a good common mode rejection ratio but a slight phase shift in the signals will remove the balance. To compensate

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for this the signal from the external earpiece amplifier positive output, which also feeds the external audio output from the baseband is feed to the remaining resistors in the bridge, R219 and R220. This arrangement will attenuate the common mode signal presented to the microphone amplifier caused by the audio signal in the SGND line. Since the positive output from the audio codec, XEAR signal introduces a DC signal to the microphone amplifier the DC signal on the XMIC and SGND lines are blocked by capacitors C218 and C220. XMIC R216 R219 Microphone + R207 Microphone ­ R217 SGND R220 XEAR XEAR

The external audio output is the XEAR signal on the system connector pin. The XEAR signal is taken from audio codec N200 pin 6. The output impedance is increased to 32 ohms by resistors R222 and R214. This resistors prevents the output amplifier from being short circuited even if the pin at the system connector is short circuited. An ESD capacitor, C225, is connected to ground at the connection point of R222 and R214. R222 is added to N200 pin 6 output as the output amplifier can not be loaded directly with the ESD capacitor. The DC voltage at the XEAR output is used to control the mute function of the accessory. When internal audio is selected the XEAR amplifier in N200 is switched off and the DC voltage at the output on pin 5 is removed. External audio output level is adjusted by the variable gain amplifier in the N200 by MCU via the serial control bus from the ASIC, D151. L206 and C 214 is EMC protection for the XEAR signal at the system connector. This filter also prevents RF signals induced in the external cables from creating interference in the audio codec output stage.

DSP
The DSP used in NHE­5 is the TI 320C541. This is a 16 bit DSP that can use external and/or internal memory access. The DSP can operate in two modes microprocessor mode or microcontroller mode. The difference between the two modes are that in microprocessor mode the DSP boots from external memory while in the microcontroller mode the DSP boots from internal ROM. The DSP external memory access is devided into data, program and I/O access. The type of access is indicated on three control pins that can be used for memory control.

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The DSP, D152 executes code from the internal ROM. The baseband also provides external memories for the DSP, D410, D411. The DSP is capable of addressing 64 kword of memory. The memory area is divided into a code execution area and a data storage area. The code execution area is located at address 8000H­FFFFH in the internal ROM. The external memories are arranged in such a way that the DSP can access the external memories both as data storage and code execution. The memory chip select is taken from the memory access strobe signal from the DSP. This means that the memory is active during any memory access. The SRAMs are configured in chip select controlled write mode. This means that both the write signal and the output enable signal are active at the same time, and the actual write occours at the rising edge of the chip select signal. This implementation is required since the DSP supports only one signal for write/read control.The DSP, D152 executes code from the internal ROM. The baseband also provides external memories for the DSP, D410, D411. The DSP is capable of addressing 64 kword of memory. The memory area is divided into a code execution area and a data storage area. The code execution area is located at address 8000H­FFFFH in the internal ROM. The external memories are arranged in such a way that the DSP can access the external memories both as data storage and code execution. The memory chip select is taken from the memory access strobe signal from the DSP. This means that the memory is active during any memory access. The memories are connected in such a way that the write control is CE controlled write. This means that both the write signal and the output enable signal are active at the same time. This implementation is required since the DSP supports only one signal for write/read control. The DSP is operating from the 13 MHz clock. In order to get the required performance the frequency is internally increased by a PLL by a factor of 3. The PLL requires a settling time of 50 us after that the clock has been supplied before proper operation is established. This settling counter is inside the DSP although the ASIC, D151 contains a counter that will delay the interrupt with a programmable amount of clock cycles before the interrupt causing the clock to be switched on is presented to the DSP. The DSP has full control over the clock supplied to it. When the DSP is to enter the sleep mode the clock is switched off by setting a bit in the ASIC register. The clock is automatically switched on when an interrupt is generated. The DSP also has two synchronous serial channels for communication. One channel is used for data transmission between the DSP and the audio codec. This channel is operating at 512 kbits and clock and synchronization signal is provided by the ASIC, D151. The other channel is used for debugging purposes and uses the same clock and synchronization signals. The DSP has an interrupt controller servicing four interrupts and one non maskable interrupt, NMI. The interrupts have fixed priority which can only be changed by changing the interconnection between the interrupt sources by HW. The ASIC contains DSP support functions as modulator,encryption/decryption using algorithms A5/A51, RF power ramp generation/AGC control, AFC control, Synthesiser serial interface, frame counters, timer, RFI2 interface, RX and TX

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power control timing. RF power ramp timing/AGC control, AFC control, synthesiser control are timed to the value of the frame counter. This means that data is loaded into the registers and transferred when the frame counter and the reference value matches. This allows timing of synthesiser control power ramp and start of TX data to be controlled very precisely. As the receiver and the transmitter is not operating at the same time the TX power ramp function is used to control the AGC in the receiver during the reception. This requires the DSP to continously modify the values in the TX ramp SRAM to fit the ramp during TX and the AGC value during reception. DSP ASIC Access The DSP is accessing the ASIC in the DSP I/O area. 2 wait states are required for the ASIC access. Some of the DSP registers located in the ASIC are retimed to the internal ASIC clock and requires special handling with respect to consecutive writing. This means that the same register can not be written again until a specified time has passed. To cope with this DSP is inserting NOP instructions to satisfy this requirement. DSP Interrupts The DSP supports 4 external interrupts. Three interrupts are used. The ASIC, D151 generates two of the interrupts. One interrupt is generated by RFI2, N450 auxiliary A/D converter. This interrupt is generated when a baseband measurement A/D conversion is completed. The interrupts to the DSP are active low. INT0 which is the highest priority interrupt is used for data reception from the receiver and is generated by the ASIC. INT1 signal is used for auxiliary A/D channel conversions generated by the RFI2. This interrupt is generated by RFI2 and is a result of measurement requests from the DSP. There are 8 auxiliary channels supported by the RFI2, not all are used in HD842 even if most of the channels are connected. INT3 is a low priority interrupt generated by the ASIC timer. The DSP programs the timer value and an interrupt is given when the timer expires. The interrupt must be active at least 1 ??? DSP clock cycle as it is sampled on the rising/falling edge by the DSP. All interrupts are active low. INT0 is used for the reveiver A/D converter in RFI2. The ASIC reads the data from the receiver path A/D conver