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7 -- RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
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Table of Contents
Introduction to RF troubleshooting.........................................................................................................................................75 RM-1 RF key component placement.........................................................................................................................................75 RM-1 fault finding test point locations....................................................................................................................................77 Receiver troubleshooting............................................................................................................................................................79 Introduction to Rx troubleshooting...................................................................................................................................79 GSM Rx chain activation for manual measurements / GSM RSSI measurement................................................710 WCDMA Rx chain activation for manual measurement.............................................................................................711 WCDMA RSSI measurement.................................................................................................................................................712 Transmitter troubleshooting...................................................................................................................................................712 General instructions for Tx troubleshooting.................................................................................................................712 Checking antennae functionality......................................................................................................................................715 RF manual tuning guide............................................................................................................................................................717 Introduction to RF tunings.................................................................................................................................................717 RF autotuning with CMU200...............................................................................................................................................718 System mode independent manual tunings......................................................................................................................725 RF channel filter calibration...............................................................................................................................................725 PA detection............................................................................................................................................................................726 Temperature sensor calibration ......................................................................................................................................726 GSM receiver tunings..................................................................................................................................................................727 Rx calibration (GSM)..............................................................................................................................................................727 Rx band filter response compensation (GSM)...............................................................................................................730 Rx AM suppression (GSM).....................................................................................................................................................734 GSM transmitter tunings...........................................................................................................................................................735 Tx IQ tuning (GSM).................................................................................................................................................................735 Tx power level tuning (GSM)..............................................................................................................................................737 WCDMA receiver tunings............................................................................................................................................................741 Rx AGC alignment (WCDMA)................................................................................................................................................741 Rx band response calibration (WCDMA)..........................................................................................................................743 WCDMA transmitter tunings.....................................................................................................................................................746 Tx AGC & power detector (WCDMA)..................................................................................................................................746 Tx band response calibration (WCDMA)..........................................................................................................................751 Tx LO leakage (WCDMA)........................................................................................................................................................752
List of Tables Table 4 RF channel filter calibration tuning limits.............................................................................................................725 Table 5 Temperature sensor calibration tuning limits.....................................................................................................727 Table 6 RF tuning limits in Rx calibration.............................................................................................................................729
List of Figures Figure 63 RF key component placement.................................................................................................................................76 Figure 64 Test point locations for spectrum analyzer.........................................................................................................77 Figure 65 Test points for oscilloscope - bottom....................................................................................................................78 Figure 66 Test points for oscilloscope - top............................................................................................................................79 Figure 67 RSSI Reading window..............................................................................................................................................710 Figure 68 Activating Rx Control window in Phoenix.........................................................................................................711 Figure 69 Rx Control window...................................................................................................................................................711 Figure 70 RF Controls window..................................................................................................................................................714 Figure 71 Tx Control window....................................................................................................................................................715 Issue 1 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 73
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Figure 72 Main antenna, GSM and WCDMA...........................................................................................................................716 Figure 73 Feed and GND spots of the main antenna.........................................................................................................716 Figure 74 RF channel filter calibration typical values.......................................................................................................726 Figure 75 High burst measurement........................................................................................................................................749
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Introduction to RF troubleshooting
All measurements should be done using: · spectrum analyser with a high-frequency high-impedance passive probe (LO-/reference frequencies and RF power levels) · oscilloscope with a 10:1 probe (DC-voltages and low frequency signals) Caution: A mobile phone WCDMA transmitter should never be tested with full Tx power, if there is no possibility to perform the measurements in a good performance RF-shielded room. Even low power WCDMA transmitters may disturb nearby WCDMA networks and cause problems to 3G cellular phone communication in wide area. WCDMA Tx measurements should be performed at least in an RF-shielded box and never with higher Tx power level than 0 dBm! Test full WCDMA Tx power only in RF-shielded environment. The RF section of the phone is build around two RF ASICS: Rx ASIC N7500 and Tx ASIC N7501. There are also two PA's on board, one for GSM (N7502) and another for WCDMA (N7503). The WCDMA PA needs variable supply voltage to work properly and therefore there is a switched mode power supply component (N7504) added to the PWB. Please note that the grounding of the PA module is directly below the PA module. Therefore, it is difficult to check or change the module. Most RF semiconductors are static discharge sensitive! ESD protection must be taken care of during repair (ground straps and ESD soldering irons). N7501, N7500, both PAs and SMPS are moisture sensitive, so parts must be pre-baked prior to soldering. In addition to key components, there are lot of discrete components (resistors, inductors and capacitors) which troubleshooting is done mainly by checking if the soldering of the component is done properly. Capacitor can be checked for shorts and resistors for value by means of an ohmmeter, but be aware in-circuit measurements should be evaluated carefully. Keep in mind that all measured voltages or RF levels depicted in the service manual are rough figures. Especially RF levels vary because of different measuring equipment or different grounding of the probe used. When using an RF probe, use a pair of metallic tweezers to connect the probe ground to the PWB ground as close to the measurement point as possible. If measurements are performed in a product specific module jig then "GND" pads should be used for the probe ground. For additional RF troubleshooting instructions, see Appendix A. These instructions include descriptions/ instructions for RF self-tests as well as troubleshooting instructions for various fault cases.
RM-1 RF key component placement
The RF section of the phone is build around two RF ASICs, Rx ASIC N7500 and Tx ASIC N7501. There are also two PAs on the board, one for GSM (N7502) and one for WCDMA (N7503). The WCDMA PA needs variable supply voltage to work power efficiently and therefore there is a Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) component (N7504) added to the PWB.
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Figure 63 RF key component placement
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RM-1 fault finding test point locations Test points for spectrum analyzer
Figure 64 Test point locations for spectrum analyzer
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Test points for oscilloscope
Figure 65 Test points for oscilloscope - bottom
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Figure 66 Test points for oscilloscope - top
Receiver troubleshooting Introduction to Rx troubleshooting
Rx can be tested by making a phone call or in the local mode. For the local mode testing, use Phoenix service software.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
The main Rx troubleshooting measurement is RSSI measurement. This test measures the signal strength of the received signal. I and Q branches can be measured separately. For GSM RSSI measurement, see GSM Rx chain activation for manual measurements / GSM RSSI measurement (Page 710), and for the same measurement in WCDMA, see WCDMA RSSI measurement (Page 712). In GSM, the input signal can be either a real GSM signal or a CW signal that is 67.771kHz up from the carrier frequency. For service tool usage instructions, refer to section Service Tools and Service Concepts.
See Also
· WCDMA Rx chain activation for manual measurement (Page 711)
GSM Rx chain activation for manual measurements / GSM RSSI measurement Context
RSSI signal measurement is the main Rx troubleshooting measurement. The test measures the strength of the received signal. I and Q branches can be measured separately. In GSM, the input signal can be either real GSM signal or CW signal that is 67.771kHz up from the carrier frequency.
Steps
1. Start Phoenix service software. 2. From the Testing menu, choose GSM and RSSI Reading. 3. Setup RF signal generator for channel frequency +67.771kHz CW mode with 80dBm signal. Alternatively set cellular tester downlink channel to an appropriate channel. 4. In the RSSI Reading window, select the appropriate band and channel.
Figure 67 RSSI Reading window 5. To start measurement/activate GSM Rx chain, click the Start button.
Results
RSSI reading values of the selected band and channel are displayed.
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WCDMA Rx chain activation for manual measurement Steps
1. Start Phoenix service software. 2. From the Testing menu, choose WCDMA and Rx Control.
Figure 68 Activating Rx Control window in Phoenix 3. In the Rx Control window:
Figure 69 Rx Control window · From the AGC Mode pane, select Algorithm. · Set AFC Algorithm to OFF (Default = OFF). · Set Channel to 10700.
Next action
When settings are ready, click Update to activate them. If settings are changed later on (for example, you give a new channel number), you will need to click RF Stop and Update again. Note: Clicking RF Stop also disables Tx Control if that was active!
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WCDMA RSSI measurement Before you begin
WCDMA Rx must be activated before RSSI can be measured. See WCDMA Rx chain activation for manual measurement (Page 711).
Steps
1. From the Testing menu in Phoenix, choose WCDMA -> Rx Power Measurement. 2. In the Rx Power Measurement window, choose the following settings: · Mode: RSSI · Continuous Mode
3. To perform the measurement, click Start.
Transmitter troubleshooting General instructions for Tx troubleshooting Context
Tx troubleshooting requires Tx operation. Do not transmit on frequencies that are in use! Transmitter can be controlled in the local mode for diagnostic purposes. The most useful Phoenix tool for GSM transmitter testing is "RF Controls" and in WCDMA transmitter testing the best tool is "Tx Control".. · Tx IQ tuning and Tx power tuning can be also used in some cases. · Remember that retuning is not a fix! Phones are tuned correctly in production. The first set of steps instructs how to assemble the test setup. This setup is general for all Tx troubleshooting tasks. Alternative steps provide specific troubleshooting instructions for Phoenix service software. The first section is for the EGSM900/GSM1800/GSM1900 bands and the latter for WCDMA. Caution: Never activate the GSM or WCDMA transmitter without a proper antenna load. There should be always 50 ohm load connected to the RF connector (antenna, RF-measurement equipment or at least 2 watts dummy load), otherwise GSM or WCDMA PA may be damaged. · · · ·
Steps
1. Connect a test jig to a computer with a DAU-9S cable or to a FPS-8 flash prommer with a modular cable. Page 712 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Issue 1
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Make sure that you have a PKD-1 dongle connected to the computer's parallel port. 2. Connect a DC power supply to a module jig (MJ-26).
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Note: When repairing or tuning a transmitter, use an external DC supply with at least 3 A current capability. Set the DC supply voltage to 3.9 V and set the jumper connector on the test jig's reg.pass switch to "ON" position. 3. Connect an RF cable between the RF connector of the module test jig (MJ-26) and measurement equipment or alternatively use a 50 ohms (at least 2 W) dummy load in the module test jig RF connector, otherwise GSM or WCDMA PA may be damaged. Note: There are three antenna connectors in the module jig: · one for GSM · one for WCDMA · one for Bluetooth Make sure that all connections are made to the correct RF connector. Normally a spectrum analyser is used as measurement equipment. Note: The maximum input power of a spectrum analyser is +30 dBm. To prevent any damage, it is recommended to use 10 dB attenuator on the spectrum analyzer input. 4. Set Tx on. i ii iii iv Set the phone module to the test jig and start Phoenix service software. Initialize connection to the phone. (With FPS-8 use FBUS driver when using DAU-9S and COMBOX driver). From the File menu, choose product: File -> Choose Product -> xx-x*(* = type designator of the phone). From the toolbar, set operating mode to "Local".
Alternative steps
· EGSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900 troubleshooting i ii From the toolbar, set system to "GSM". From the Testing menu, activate the RF Controls window: Maintenance -> Testing -> GSM -> RF Controls.
iii In the RF Controls window: · · · · · Issue 1 Select band "GSM900" or "GSM1800" or "GSM1900" (Default = "GSM900"). Set Active unit to "Tx" (Default = "Rx"). Set Operation mode to "Burst" (Default = "Burst"). Set Tx data type to "All1" (Default = "All1"). Set Rx/Tx channel to 37 on GSM900 band or 700 on GSM1800 band or 661 on GSM1900 (Defaults). Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 713
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· Set Edge to "Off" (Default). · Set Tx PA mode to "Free" (Default). · Set power level to 5 (Default = 19) on GSM900 or to 0 (Default = 15) on GSM1800 or GSM1900.
Figure 70 RF Controls window · WCDMA troubleshooting i ii From the toolbar, set system to "WCDMA". From the Testing menu, activate the Tx Control window: Maintenance -> Testing -> WCDMA -> Tx Control.
iii In the Tx Control window: · · · · · · · · Select the Algorithm mode tab. Set Start level to "0" dBm (Default = "0"). Set Step size, Step count and Sequence to "0" (Default = "0"). Set Scrambling code class to "LONG" (Default = "LONG"). Set Scrambling code to "16" (Default = "16"). Set DPDCH Code number to "0", Code class to "2" and Weight to "15" (Defaults). Set DPCCH Code number to "0", Code class to "2" and Weight to "8" (Defaults). Set DPDCH enabled (Default). Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Issue 1
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide · Set Channel to 9750.
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Figure 71 Tx Control window
Next action
When settings are done, click "Send" to enable them. If you change the settings (e.g. give a new channel number), you need to click "Stop" and "Send" again.
Checking antennae functionality
The main antenna has two separate antenna elements: GSM and WCDMA. In the GSM antenna, there is one Feed and two GND contacts. In the WCDMA antenna, there is one Feed and one GND contact. Issue 1 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 715
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The contacts of the GSM antenna are separated in the (RDC = 0 ohm) short-circuit. The contacts of the WCDMA antenna are in the (RDC = 0 ohm) short-circuit.
Figure 73 Feed and GND spots of the main antenna Figure 72 Main antenna, GSM and WCDMA The antenna is functioning normally when the contacts function (RDC = 0 ohm) and the antenna is visually intact.
BT antenna
BT antenna has one Feed and two GND contacts. The antenna is functioning normally when the contacts function (RDC = 0 ohm) and the antenna is visually intact.
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RF manual tuning guide Introduction to RF tunings
Phone RF is tuned in production. There is no reason to do the re-calibration unless: · One or more of the RF components is changed · FLASH Memory chip (D3000) is changed or otherwise corrupted. RF calibration is always performed with the help of module jig MJ-26. Whenever possible, automatic tuning system should be used. If manual tuning is used, only relevant tunings should be performed. Refer to the table below: Changed component Tx RF ASIC Vinku (N7501) Perform following tunings RF Channel Filter Calibration, Tx IQ Tuning, Tx Power Level Tuning, Temperature Sensor Calibration, TX AGC & Power Detector, Tx Band Response Calibration, Tx LO Leakage RF Channel Filter Calibration, Rx Calibration, Rx Band Filter Response Compensation, Rx AM Suppression, Rx AGC Alignment, Rx Band Response Calibration Tx IQ Tuning, Tx Power Level Tuning Tx Power Level Tuning Tx AGC & Power Detector, Tx Band Response Calibration, Tx LO Leakage Tx AGC & Power Detector, Tx Band Response Calibration, PA Detection Rx Calibration, RX Band Filter Response Compensation, RX AM Suppression Rx AGC Alignment, RX Band Response Calibration
RX RF ASIC Hinku (N7500)
Any component in the GSM TX RF chain before the PA Any component in the GSM TX RF chain after the PA or PA Any component in the WCDMA TX RF chain before the PA Any component in the WCDMA TX RX chain after the PA, PA, power detector or PA switch mode power supply Any component in the GSM RX chain Any component in the WCDMA RX chain
Cable and adapter losses
RF cables and adapters have some losses. They have to be taken in account when the phone is tuned. As all the RF losses are frequency dependent, the user have to be very careful and understand the measurement setup. In the following table there are RF attenuations of the module jig, MJ-26: Band GSM900 GSM1800 GSM1900 WCDMA 2100 (WCDMA connector) Attenuation 0.2 dB 0.3 dB 0.3 dB 0.5 dB
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RF autotuning with CMU200 Before you begin
Recommended test set-up: · Windows 2000 PC · CMU200 communication tester · USB to GPIB converter from National Instruments. Order information: 778416-01 GPIB-USB-B, NI-488.2 for Windows 2000/XP/Me/98. Before you can use the auto-tune feature, the GPIB driver from the GPIB card vendor must be installed and running. Then the auto tune .ini file must be in a correct place: C:\Program Files\Nokia\Phoenix\products\xx-x* \autotune_xx-x*.ini (*= indicates the type designator of the phone, e.g. RM-1)
Context
It is possible to perform an automatic RF tuning with the aid of CMU200. Autotuning covers all RF tunings that are needed to perform after RF component repairs. Note: Do not perform RF autotuning "just for sure". Phones are tuned in the production and RF tuning may performed only after component repairs or if the RF tuning information is lost.
Steps
1. 2. Connect CMU200 to the GPIB bus. From the Tools menu in Phoenix, choose Options -> GPIB Card.
3.
In the Card Type line, select CEC8Bit, then click Start. After clicking Start, the name of the CMU200 communication tester appears in the list of found Listeners.
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4.
To specify the cable loss from module jig to CMU200, choose Set Loss from the Tuning menu..
5.
In the Set Loss window, click the Jig tab and select the right jig for the phone.
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6.
Click the Cable tab and add the extra cable attenuation.
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7.
To start autotuning, choose Auto-Tune from the Tuning menu.
8. 9.
In the Auto-Tune window, click Options. In the Auto-Tune options window, see that the "Enable showing of messages" check box is checked. Then click OK.
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10. Connect the phone's WCDMA RF port to CMU200 and click Tune.
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11. Change the phone's RF adapter from WCDMA port to GSM port. To complete the RF autotuning, click OK.
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Results
"Autotuning completed successfully" message appears.
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System mode independent manual tunings RF channel filter calibration Context
Rx channel filter calibration tunes Rx and Tx ASICs' internal low pass filters that limit the bandwidth of BB IQ signals. One common calibration is made for GSM and WCDMA. Table 4 RF channel filter calibration tuning limits Min TX filter RX filter 0 0 Typ 10 16 Max 31 31 Unit
Steps
1. 2. 3. 4. From the dropdown menus, set "System mode" to Local and "Operating mode" to WCDMA, GSM or Dual. From the Tuning menu, choose RF Channel Filter Calibration. Click Tune. Click Write.
Saves tuned values to the PMM area. 5. To close the tuning window, click Close. Issue 1 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 725
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Results
Figure 74 RF channel filter calibration typical values
PA detection Context
PA detection procedure asks DSP to detect which PA manufacturer is used for GSM and WCDMA PAs. If PA is changed or if PMM data is corrupted, PA detection has to be performed before Tx tunings.
Steps
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. From the dropdown menus, set "System mode" to Local and "Operating mode" to WCDMA, GSM or Dual. From the Tuning menu, choose PA Detection. Click Tune. Check that the detected PA manufacturers are corresponding to the actual chips on the board. To end the procedure, click Close.
Temperature sensor calibration Context
There is a temperature sensor integrated into VINKU ASIC. VINKU provides DC-voltage, which is temperature dependent. Temperature sensor calibration is done in room temperature, in which offset caused by VINKU variation and AD-converter inside RETU are nullified. The module is able to do this calibration by itself, no external equipment is needed. The temperature of the module and components must be 23 +/-2 degrees.
Steps
1. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA, GSM or Dual. 2. From the Tuning menu, choose WCDMA -> Temperature Sensor Calibration.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 3. Click Tune. Table 5 Temperature sensor calibration tuning limits Min -20 Typ -4 Max 20
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Unit
0C
A popup window appears asking: "Save Values to PM". Click "Yes" 4. To finish the calibration, click Close.
GSM receiver tunings Rx calibration (GSM) Context
Rx Calibration is used to find out the real gain values of the GSM Rx AGC system and tuning response of the AFC system (AFC D/A init value and AFC slope)
Steps
1. 2. 3. Connect module jig's GSM connector to signal generator. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local, "System mode" to GSM, and Band to GSM900. From the Tuning menu, choose GSM -> Rx Calibration.
4. 5.
Check the "Load from Phone" check box and clear the "Save to Phone" checkbox. From the Band dropdown menu, choose GSM900.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
7.
Click Calibrate.
8.
Connect signal generator to the phone and set frequency and amplitude as instructed in the "Rx Calibration with band EGSM900" popup window. The calibration uses a non-modulated CW signal. Increase the signal generator level by cable attenuation and module jig probe attenuation!
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9. To perform tuning, click OK. 10. Check that the tuning values are within the limits specified in this table: Table 6 RF tuning limits in Rx calibration GSM900 AFC Value AFC slope RSSI0 GSM1800 RSSI0 GSM1900 RSSI0 104 104 109 114 dB 104 104 109 114 dB Min -200 0 106 Typ -105 62 122 107 110 Max 200 200 114 dB Unit
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11. To save values to the phone, check the "Save to Phone" check box and click Stop.
Next action
Repeat steps 3 to 8 for GSM1800 and GSM1900
Rx band filter response compensation (GSM) Before you begin
Rx calibration must be done before the Rx Band Filter Response Compensation
Context
In each GSM Rx band, there's a band rejecting filter in front of HINKU front end. The amplitude ripple caused by these filters causes ripple to the RSSI measurement and therefore calibration is needed. The calibration has to be repeated for each GSM band.
Steps
1. 2. Connect module jig's GSM connector to signal generator. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local, "System mode" to GSM, and Band to GSM900.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 3. From the Tuning menu, choose GSM -> Rx Band Filter Response Compensation.
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4. 5.
Check "Manual" and "Load from Phone" check boxes. Clear "Save to Phone" check box Click Start.
6.
Click Tune.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Connect signal generator to the phone and set frequency and amplitude as instructed in the "Rx Band Filter Response Compensation for EGSM900" popup window.
8. To perform tuning, click OK. 9. Go through all 9 frequencies. 10. Check that the tuning values are within the limits specified in this table: Min GSM900 Ch. 965 / 923.26771 MHz Ch. 975 / 925.26771 MHz Ch. 987 / 927.66771 MHz Ch. 1009 / 932.06771 MHz Ch. 37 / 942.46771 MHz Ch. 90 / 953.06771 MHz Ch. 114 / 957.86771 MHz -10 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 dB dB dB dB dB dB dB Typ Max Unit
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Min Ch. 124 / 959.86771 MHz Ch. 136 / 962.26771 MHz GSM1800 Ch. 497 / 1802.26771 MHz Ch. 512 / 1805.26771 MHz Ch. 535 / 1809.86771 MHz Ch. 606 / 1824.06771 MHz Ch. 700 / 1842.86771 MHz Ch. 791 / 1861.06771 MHz Ch. 870 / 1876.86771 MHz Ch. 885 / 1879.86771 MHz Ch. 908 / 1884.46771 MHz GSM1900 Ch. 496 / 1927.06771 MHz Ch. 512 / 1930.26771 MHz Ch. 537 / 1935.26771 MHz Ch. 586 / 1945.06771 MHz Ch. 661 / 1960.06771 MHz Ch. 736 / 1975.06771 MHz Ch. 794 / 1986.66771 MHz Ch. 810 / 1989.86771 MHz -10 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -10 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -3 -10 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 -3 -10 Typ 0 -1 Max 5 5
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dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Max 5 Unit dB
11. Check the "Save to Phone" check box and click Stop if the values are within the limits.
Next action
Repeat the steps 4 to 10 for GSM1800 and GSM1900.
Rx AM suppression (GSM) Context
Rx AM suppression is used to tune the AM suppression capabilities of the GSM receiver. AM suppression is related to ability of the receiver to operate when there is disturbing AM modulated signal near the received channel signal frequency. RFIC has tunable compensation circuit which has an effect on the AM suppression ability. In the tuning, a continuous useful signal + AM modulated signal 10MHz above current channel is fed to the antenna. RFIC control word values are iterated until a minimum RSSI signal is found.
Steps
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Connect module jig's GSM connector to signal generator. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local, "System mode" to GSM, and Band to GSM900. From the Tuning menu, choose GSM -> Rx AM Suppression. Check the Automatic check box. Connect signal generator to phone according to the frequency and modulation parameters displayed in the tuning window: Frequency 952.46771MHz / 1852.86771MHz / 1970.06771 MHz (depending on the band used) Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Issue 1
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Power level Modulation AM modulation depth Modulation signal 6. Click Start. 7. Click Tune.
Nokia Customer Care -25 dBm / -26 dBm / -29 dBm (increase by cable and jig attenuations) AM 90% 50 kHz sinewave (or 15 kHz if 50 kHz is not available)
8. Check that RSSI level value is between the limits presented in this table. If not, try clicking the Tune button again. GSM900 RSSI level GSM1800 RSSI level GSM1900 RSSI level -115 -100 dB 9. Make sure that the "Save to Phone" check box is checked and click Stop. -115 -85 dB Min -115 Typ Max -90 Unit dB
Next action
Repeat steps 3 to 7 for GSM1800 and GSM1900
GSM transmitter tunings Tx IQ tuning (GSM) Context
The Tx path branches to I and Q signals at RF I/Q modulator. Modulator and analog hardware located after it cause unequal amplitude and phase disturbance to I and Q signal paths. Tx IQ tuning tuning balances the I and Q branches. Tx IQ tuning must be performed on all GSM bands. GSM1900 uses the same values as GSM1800.
Steps
1. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local, "System mode" to GSM, and Band to GSM900. Issue 1 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 735
Nokia Customer Care 2. From the Tuning menu, choose GSM -> Tx IQ Tuning.
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
3. Set Mode to Automatic and Edge to Off. 4. Click Start. Wait until automatic tuning has finished and moved the sliders. Values are written to the phone memory automatically.
5. When the values have been written to the phone memory, click the Finish button to end the tuning.
6. Change band to GSM1800 and repeat steps 4 to 5. Page 736 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Issue 1
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 7. Change band to GSM1900 and repeat steps 4 to 5. 8. To close the tuning window, click Close.
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Next action
Tuning sliders should be close to the center of the scale after the tuning and within the limits specified in the table below. If they are not within the limits, check Tx IQ quality manually. GSM900 I DC offset / Q DC offset Ampl Phase GSM1800/GSM1900 I/Q DC Ampl Phase -6 -1 95 0.5 0 100 6 1 110 Min -6 -1 85 Typ -4 4 0 90 Max 6 1 95 Unit dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
Tx power level tuning (GSM) Context
Because of variations at IC process and discrete component values, actual transmitter RF gain of each phone is different. Tx power level tuning is used to find out mapping factors called 'power coefficients'. These adjust the GSM transmitter output power to fulfill the specifications. For EDGE transmission the bias settings of the GSM PA are adjusted in order to improve linearity. This affects the PA gain and hence the power levels have to be aligned separately for EDGE transmission. Tx power level tuning has to be performed on all GSM bands.
Steps
1. 2. 3. Connect the phone to a spectrum analyzer. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local, "System mode" to GSM, and Band to GSM900. From the Tuning menu, choose GSM -> Tx Power Level Tuning.
4. 5.
Set Mode to Automatic and Edge to Off. Set the spectrum analyzer for power level tuning: Frequency Span Sweep time channel frequency (897.4MHz GSM900, 1747.8MHz GSM1800, 1880MHz GSM1900) 0 Hz 2ms Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 737
Issue 1
Nokia Customer Care Trigger Resolution BW Video BW Reference level offset Reference level
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Video triggering (-10dBm) 3MHz 3MHz sum cable attenuation with module jig attenuation 33dBm
6.
A power meter with a peak power detector can be also used. Remember to take the attenuations in the account! Click Start.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 7.
Nokia Customer Care
Adjust power levels 5, 15 and 19 to correspond the "Target dBm" column by pressing + or keys.
8.
Click Calculate Coefficients.
9.
Check that the coeffiecient values are within the limits specified in the table below. Min GSM900 EDGE off PL5 coefficient PL15 coefficient 0.45 0.626 0.234 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 739 0.73 Typ Max Unit
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Nokia Customer Care Min PL19 coefficient GSM900 EDGE on PL8 coefficient PL15 coefficient PL19 coefficient GSM1800 EDGE off PL0 coefficient PL11 coefficient PL15 coefficient GSM1800 EDGE on PL2 coefficient PL11 coefficient PL15 coefficient GSM1900 EDGE off PL0 coefficient PL11 coefficient PL15 coefficient GSM1900 EDGE on PL2 coefficient PL11 coefficient PL15 coefficient 0.12 0.35 0.377 0.23 0.193 0.12 0.45 0.482 0.218 0.184 0.12 0.35 0.394 0.23 0.194 0.12 0.45 0.51 0.219 0.185 0.12 0.35 0.419 0.247 0.204 0.12 Typ 0.195
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Max 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.3 Unit
If the values are within the limits, check that the "Save to Phone Permanent Memory" check box is checked and click Stop.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Nokia Customer Care
10. Set Edge mode on and start tuning again. Change video averaging to 50.
11. Tune EDGE power levels to the corresponding target power levels. Only power levels 8, 15 and 19 are tuned in GSM900 and 2, 10 and 15 in GSM1800/1900. The rest are calculated by clicking the Calculate Coefficients button. Check the coefficients against the RF tuning limits table presented in Step 9. 12. When the tuning is completed, click Stop.
Next action
Repeat steps 4 to 9 for GSM1800 and GSM1900. On those bands only power levels 0, 11 and 15 need to be tuned.
WCDMA receiver tunings Rx AGC alignment (WCDMA) Context
Rx AGC alignment tuning is used to find out the real gain values of the WCDMA Rx AGC system and converters.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Steps
1. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA. 2. From the Tuning menu, choose WCDMA -> Rx AGC Alignment.
3. Click Start and Tune.
4. Setup the signal generator to correspond the values in the "RX AGC Calibration" pop-up window and click OK:
Frequency: Level: Modulation: Deviation: Modulation frequency: Page 742
2141MHz 51 dBm + cable and adapter attenuations FM 500 kHz 50 kHz Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Issue 1
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
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5. Check that the "Rx Chain" value in "Tuning Results" is within the limits presented in the table below. Min RX chain Low freq High freq -6 -5 -5 Typ 1.5 3.5 -0.7 4.0 -0.7 4.0 Max 6 5 5 Unit dB
i If the Rx gain is acceptable, click Yes to save the results to the phone. 6. To close the tuning window, click Close.
Rx band response calibration (WCDMA) Context
There is a band rejecting filter for each WCDMA Rx band between the front end LNA and the mixer of HINKU. The amplitude ripple caused by this filter causes ripple to the RSSI measurement and therefore Rx band response calibration is needed. Rx band response calibration can be done in two different ways. If the signal generator in use supports frequency sweep table, the calibration can be done as a part of Rx calibration. If not, it is possible to calibrate all the necessary frequencies one by one. The first set of steps shows how to perform the calibration without the signal generator sweep feature and the alternative steps give instructions how to perform the calibration if the signal generator supports frequency sweeps and the calibration can be performed within Rx AGC calibration.
Steps
1. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA. 2. From the Tuning menu choose WCDMA -> Rx Band Response Calibration.
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Nokia Customer Care 3. Click Start and Tune.
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
4. Setup the signal generator to correspond the values in the pop-up window: Frequency: Level: Modulation: Deviation: Modulation frequency: 2113.4MHz 51 dBm + cable and adapter attenuations FM 500 kHz 50 kHz
5. Click OK. 6. Change frequency to 2166.6 MHz and click OK. 7. Check that the tuned values are within the limits specified in the table below: Min Frequency compensation low Frequency compensation high -5 -5 Max +5 +5
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide i If the values are OK, click Yes to save the values.
Nokia Customer Care
8. Close the tuning window.
Alternative steps
· · · · From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA. From the Tuning menu, choose WCDMA -> Rx AGC Alignment. Click Start. Check the "Tune Rx Band Response" check box and click Tune.
· Setup the signal generator according to the values in the pop-up window: Frequency list: Dwell time: Sweep control: Level: Modulation: Deviation: Modulation frequency: 2113.4 MHz, 2141 MHz and 2166.6 MHz 2 ms Automatic continuous sweep 51 dBm + cable and adapter attenuations FM 500 kHz 50 kHz
· Click OK. · Check that the "Rx chain" , "Low freq." and "High freq." values in the Tuning Results window are within the limits presented in the table below.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Min Rx chain Low freq High freq -6 -5 -5
Typ 1.5 3.5 -0.7 4.0 -0.7 4.0
Max 6 5 5
Unit dB
· If the Rx gain is acceptable, click Yes to save the results to the phone. · To close the window, click Close.
WCDMA transmitter tunings Tx AGC & power detector (WCDMA) Context
Tx AGC & power detector tuning has two purposes: · to enable the phone to select the correct TxC value accurately in order to produce the required RF level · to enable the phone to measure its own transmitter power accurately There are two ways to perform the tuning. For an alternative method, see Alternative steps.
Steps
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA. From the Tuning menu, choose WCDMA -> Tx AGC & Power Detector. Click Start. In the "Wide Range" pane, click Tune (the leftmost Tune button). Setup the spectrum analyzer in the following way: Center frequency: Span: Reference level offset: Reference level: Input attenuation: 1950.3 MHz 0 Hz Cable attenuations + adapter attenuation 14 dBm (20 dB) Manually select as small value as possible for the mentioned reference level to minimize the noise floor. 30 kHz 30 kHz 20 ms RMS detector Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Issue 1
Resolution bandwidth: Video bandwidth: Sweep time: Detector: Page 746
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Average: Trigger: Trigger level: Marker: Marker step: 6. 7. After setting the spectrum analyzer, click OK. Measure the power levels with a marker. No Video 0 dBm 250 us 500 us
Nokia Customer Care
Take the first measurement from 250 us after the trigger, the second from 750 us, the third on 1225 us and so on in every 500 us until the table is filled. Note: It must be possible to measure power levels down to 68 dBm. The measured power levels must be monotonously decreasing. Make sure that the marker is not measuring the level of noise spike on lower levels.
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Nokia Customer Care 8.
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Fill in the power level values (in dBm) to the Wide Range table.
9. In the Wide Range pane, click Calculate. 10. In the High Burst pane, click Tune. 11. Setup the spectrum analyzer with the following settings: Center frequency: Span: Reference level offset: Reference level: Input attenuation: Resolution bandwidth: Video bandwidth: Sweep time: Detector: Average: Trigger: Trigger level: Marker: Marker step: 1950 MHz 0 Hz Cable attenuations + adapter attenuation 24 dBm Automatic 5 MHz 5 MHz 20 ms RMS detector No Video 0 dBm 250 us 500 us
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide 12. Measure the power levels with a marker.
Nokia Customer Care
Take the first measurement from 250 us after the trigger, the second from 750 us, third on 1225 us and so on in every 500 us until the table is filled.
Figure 75 High burst measurement 13. In the High Burst pane, click Calculate. 14. Check that the calculated values are within the limits specified in the table below: Min C0-high C1-high C2-high C0-mid C1-mid C2-mid C0-low C1-low C2-low Det-k Det-b -0.5 -50 400 -0.7 0 400 -4 -400 -10000 0 -1000 Typ Max 5 50 900 0.7 50 900 4 440 15000 800 1000 Unit
15. To save the coefficients to the phone, click Write. 16. To close the tuning window, click Close. 17. From the Testing menu, choose WCDMA -> Tx Control.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
19. Write the target power level 25 dBm to the "Start level" line and check the "Max power limit" check box (detector calibration check). 20. Setup the spectrum analyzer with the following settings: Center frequency: Span: Reference level offset: Reference level: Input attenuation: Resolution bandwidth: Video bandwidth: Sweep time: Detector: Average: Trigger: 21. Click Send. 22. Measure the WCDMA output power. It should be around 21 dBm. 23. Click RF Stop and uncheck the "Max power limit" check box. 24. Repeat steps 19 to 23 for levels +19, +7, 0, -20 and 40 dBm levels. The measured output power may not differ more than +-2 dB from the requested value at level +19dBm and no more than +-4dB on lower levels. Page 750 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Issue 1 1947.4 MHz 0 Hz Cable attenuations + adapter attenuation 24 dBm or -20 dBm depending on the measured level Automatic 5 MHz 5 MHz 20 ms RMS detector No Free run
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide Remember to stop the RF before sending new data.
Nokia Customer Care
Alternative steps
· · · · · Measure the wide range levels normally and write down the levels that are possible to measure. Click Finish. Click Options. Change the first wide range DAC value to 573 and change the number of tuning steps to 21. Change the spectrum analyzer reference level to 20 dBm and adjust the input attenuator to the lowest value possible. · In the Wide Range pane, click Tune and fill in the rest of values starting from the 19th level.
Tx band response calibration (WCDMA) Context
Tx band response calibration is required to get compensation parameters for DSP algorithm in order for it to handle frequency response variations (caused by SAW filter, PA and duplexer unidealities) in open loop power control and maximum power limitation situations.
Steps
1. 2. 3. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA. From the Tuning menu, choose WCDMA -> Tx Band Response Calibration. Setup the spectrum analyzer according to the following settings: Frequency: Span: Reference level offset: Reference level: Input attenuation: Resolution bandwidth: Video bandwidth: Trigger: Markers: 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1950.3 MHz 100 MHz Cable attenuations + adapter attenuation 30 dBm Default more than 4.7 MHz (i.e. 5MHz) more than 4.7 MHz (i.e. 5MHz) Free run 1922.4 MHz, 1950.0 MHz and 1977.6 MHz
Click Start and OK. In the "Mid Channel Power Level" pane, adjust the power level to 21.0 dBm. Click Accept and OK. Read the marker power level on the low channel and fill it in to the "Low Power Level" line. Click Accept and OK. Read the marker power level on the high channel and fill it in to the "High Power Level" line. Check that the tuned values are within the limits presented in the table below. If they are OK, click yes. Min TX Freq Comp (the first and last value) -4 Max +4
11. Close the tuning window. Issue 1 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All Rights Reserved. Page 751
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting and Manual Tuning Guide
Tx LO leakage (WCDMA) Context
The purpose of Tx LO leakage tuning is to minimize the carrier leakage of the IQ-modulator which is caused by the DC offset voltages in the Tx IQ-signal lines and in the actual IQ-modulator. The tuning improves WCDMA Tx AGC dynamics at low power levels. A self-calibration routine selects the best combination for internal control words in order to produce minimum LO leakage.
Steps
1. 2. 3. 4. From the dropdown menus, set "Operating mode" to Local and "System mode" to WCDMA. From the Tuning menu, choose WCDMA -> Tx LO Leakage. Click Tune. To end the tuning, click Close.
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Appendix A: Additional RF Troubleshooting Instructions
Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All rights reserved
Nokia Customer Care
RM-1 RF Troubleshooting
Table of Contents
Using these instructions .................................................................................................................. 5 RF Self tests ..................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 RX PLL phase lock self test (ST_CDSP_RX_PLL_PHASE_LOCK_TEST)................................................... 7 2.2 RF-BB interface (ST_CDSP_RF_BB_IF_TEST).................................................................................... 8 2.3 RX IQ loop back self test (ST_CDSP_RX_IQ_LOOP_BACK_TEST) ....................................................... 10 2.4 TX IQ self test (ST_CDSP_TX_IQ_TEST) ......................................................................................... 11 2.5 TX PLL phase lock self test (ST_CDSP_TX_PLL_PHASE_LOCK_TEST) ................................................. 11 2.6 WCDMA power detector biasing self test (ST_CDSP_PWR_DETECTOR_BIAS_TEST).......................... 12 2.6.1 WCDMA power detector ok? ............................................................................................. 13 2.7 WCDMA transmitter self test (ST_CDSP_WCDMA_TX_POWER_TEST)............................................... 14 2.8 GSM transmitter self test (ST_CDSP_GSM_TX_POWER_TEST) ......................................................... 15 2.9 Supply test for Hinku and Vinku (ST_CDSP_RF_SUPPLY_TEST)...................................................... 15 2.10 TXC Data test (ST_TXC_DATA_TEST) ........................................................................................ 19 2.11 Error Code Interpretation Examples ..................................................................................... 19 2.11.1 Example 1........................................................................................................................ 19 2.11.2 Example 2........................................................................................................................ 20 2.11.3 Example 3........................................................................................................................ 20 3. Does the phone register to the network and make a call (GSM)? ..................................................... 22 3.1 GSM transmitter power levels and transmit frequency ok? ....................................................... 22 3.1.1 Does GSM TX transmit RF-power at all? ............................................................................. 23 3.1.2 Does GSM TX transmit enough RF-power and power levels otherwise ok? ......................... 34 3.1.3 GSM transmitter frequency correct?.................................................................................. 43 3.2 Does the phone give realistic RSSI-values?............................................................................... 47 3.2.1 Is Hinku (N7500) ASIC receiving RF-power correctly from the GSM-antenna connector? ..... 48 3.2.2 Are RX-IQ signal waveforms and levels correct? ................................................................ 51 3.2.3 Is RAP3G ASIC getting ok VREFCM-signal from Hinku (N7500)? Signal level ok?................... 59 3.2.4 RAP3G faulty? .................................................................................................................. 60 3.3 GSM Transmitter phase error ok?............................................................................................. 60 3.3.1 Are capacitors in Vinku REG1 and REG2 lines in place?....................................................... 60 3.3.2 Are capacitors in GSM PA power supply line in place?........................................................ 61 3.3.3 Are TX-IQ signals ok?........................................................................................................ 61 3.3.4 Is TX VCO signal level in the T7503 output high enough? .................................................. 61 3.3.5 VCTCXO frequency and output level correct? ..................................................................... 61 3.4 GSM (GMSK) modulation spectrum ok? ..................................................................................... 62 3.4.1 Are components in GSM power control loop in place and working ok? .............................. 63 3.4.2 Does GSM PA (N7502) get correct bias currents? Is the level of bias currents ok? ............... 63 3.4.3 Are TX-IQ signals ok?........................................................................................................ 64 3.4.4 Is TX VCO signal level in the T7503 output high enough? .................................................. 64 3.4.5 Replace Vinku (N7501) or GSM PA (N7502) or both............................................................ 64 3.5 TX power vs. time ok? ............................................................................................................. 65 3.5.1 Is the TXC-signal coming to Vinku ASIC (N7501) OK?.......................................................... 65 3.5.2 Does GSM PA (N7502) get correct bias currents? Is the level of bias currents ok? ............... 66 3.5.3 Does GSM PA (N7502) get correct DET_SW_G -voltage from Vinku ASIC (N7501)?................. 66 3.5.4 Are components in GSM power control loop in place and working ok? .............................. 66 Issue 1 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. All rights reserved 7A - 2 1. 2.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting
Does the phone register to the network and make a call (WCDMA)?................................................ 68 4.1 WCDMA TX power and transmit frequency ok? ......................................................................... 68 4.1.1 Does the WCDMA TX transmit RF-power at all? .................................................................. 68 4.1.2 Does WCDMA TX transmit enough RF-power and power levels otherwise ok?.................... 80 4.1.3 WCDMA transmitter frequency correct?............................................................................. 88 4.2 Does the phone give realistic RSSI-values?............................................................................... 91 4.2.1 Is Hinku ASIC (N7500) receiving RF-power correctly from the WCDMA-antenna connector? 92 4.2.2 Hinku WCDMA LNA output ok? .......................................................................................... 93 4.2.3 WCDMA SAW Z7501 in place and working correctly?.......................................................... 93 4.2.4 Are RX-IQ signal waveforms and levels correct? ................................................................ 93 4.2.5 Does RAP3G ASIC get ok VREFCM-signal from Hinku (N7500)? Signal level ok? .................. 101 4.2.6 RAP3G faulty? ................................................................................................................ 102 4.3 WCDMA modulation spectrum and ACLR ok? .......................................................................... 102 4.3.1 Does N7504 give correct voltage level (Vcc11) to the WCDMA PA (N7503)? ...................... 102 4.3.2 Does WCDMA PA (N7503) get correct bias currents Icont11 and Icont12?......................... 102 4.3.3 Are TX-IQ signals ok?...................................................................................................... 103 4.3.4 Is TX VCO signal level in the T7503 output high enough? ................................................ 103 4.3.5 Replace Vinku (N7501) or WCDMA PA (N7503) or both .................................................... 104 5. Does the phone have a reliable connection to the network (GSM)? ............................................... 104 5.1 GSM receiver Bit Error Rate (BER) ok? ..................................................................................... 104 5.1.1 Does the phone give realistic RSSI-values?...................................................................... 104 5.1.2 Hinku (N7500) or RAP3G (D2800) faulty? ........................................................................ 104 5.2 GSM transmitter power levels and transmit frequency ok? ..................................................... 104 5.3 GSM Transmitter phase error ok?........................................................................................... 104 5.4 GSM (GMSK) modulation spectrum ok? ................................................................................... 105 5.5 TX power vs. time ok? ........................................................................................................... 105 6. Does the phone have a reliable connection to the network (WCDMA)? .......................................... 105 6.1 WCDMA receiver Bit Error Rate (BER) ok? ................................................................................ 105 6.1.1 Does the phone give realistic RSSI-values?...................................................................... 105 6.1.2 Hinku (N7500) or RAP3G (D2800) faulty? ........................................................................ 105 6.2 WCDMA TX power and transmit frequency ok? ....................................................................... 106 6.3 WCDMA Transmitter error vector magnitude ok?.................................................................... 106 6.3.1 Is capacitor C7579 in WCDMA PA (N7503) bias line in place?............................................ 106 6.3.2 Are capacitors in Vinku REG1 and REG2 lines in place?..................................................... 106 6.3.3 Are capacitors in WCDMA PA power supply lines in place? ............................................... 106 6.3.4 Are TX-IQ signals ok?...................................................................................................... 106 6.3.5 Is TX VCO signal level in the T7503 output high enough? ................................................ 107 6.3.6 VCTCXO frequency and output level correct? ................................................................... 107 6.4 WCDMA modulation spectrum and ACLR ok? .......................................................................... 107 6.5 Troubleshooting pictures ...................................................................................................... 108 6.5.1 VCTCXO Output (DC Offset 1.24 V) .................................................................................... 108 6.5.2 TXC in GSM mode (DC Offset 0 V) ..................................................................................... 108 6.5.3 TX VC in GSM mode (DC Offset 1.8 V)................................................................................ 109 6.5.4 Icont_21/Icont_22 (DC Offset 1.2 V) ................................................................................. 109 6.5.5 Icont_31/Icont_32 (DC Offset 1.2 V) ................................................................................. 110 6.5.6 GSM RX IQ (DC Offset 0.4 V) ............................................................................................. 111 6.5.7 RX VC in GSM mode (DC Offset 1.5 V)................................................................................ 112 Issue 1 Company Confidential Copyright © 2004 Nokia. 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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting
TX Modulation spectrum (GSM)....................................................................................... 113 RFBUS ............................................................................................................................ 114
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting
1. USING THESE INSTRUCTIONS The following sections include lots of headings and subheadings that are asking simple positive style questions. For example heading 4.2 asks if the phone does measure RSSI-values correctly in GSM-bands. If the answer is "Yes" then user should go to the next heading on the same level (heading number that has as many decimal numbers as the heading 4.2) In our example case moving to the chapter 4.3. If the answer is "No" then user should go to one heading level deeper in hierarchical system meaning the chapter 4.2.1 in our example case.
Figure 1 Use of this troubleshooting manual presented with an example. Notice that real chapter numbers are not used.
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RM-1 RF Troubleshooting
2. RF SELF TESTS The RF part of Nokia 6630 is equipped with self test functionality which tests most of RF-BB interface signals and some parts of RF circuitry. Self-tests are designed to detect faults on some critical parts, but they cannot prove that everything is OK even if all the self-tests are passed. Self-tests can be run with Phoenix service software. Tests can return pass/fail result and detailed measureme