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TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
FEATURES
· · · · · · · Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply With 5% Tolerance Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization
D, DB, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)
1IN+ 1IN- FEEDBACK DTC CT RT GND C1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
2IN+ 2IN- REF OUTPUT CTRL VCC C2 E2 E1
DESCRIPTION
The TL494 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, this device offers the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. The TL494 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V, 5%-precision regulator, and output-control circuits. The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from 0.3 V to VCC 2 V. The dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. The TL494 provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which can be selected through the output-control function. The architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The TL494C is characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C. The TL494I is characterized for operation from 40°C to 85°C. AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGED DEVICES (1) TA SMALL OUTLINE (D) TL494CD TL494ID PLASTIC DIP (N) TL494CN TL494IN SMALL OUTLINE (NS) TL494CNS -- SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (DB) TL494CDB -- THIN SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (PW) TL494CPW --
0°C to 70°C 40°C to 85°C (1)
The D, DB, NS, and PW packages are available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to device type (e.g., TL494CDR).
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 19832005, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
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FUNCTION TABLE
INPUT TO OUTPUT CTRL VI = GND VI = Vref OUTPUT FUNCTION Single-ended or parallel output Normal push-pull operation
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) RT 6 CT 5 0.1 V 13 Oscillator 1D 4 Dead-Time Control Comparator C1 0.7 V Error Amplifier 1 1IN+ 1IN- 1 2 + - Error Amplifier 2 2IN+ 16 + - Reference Regulator 14 REF 2IN- 15 Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop 12 VCC Q2 11 10 Q1 8 9 C1 E1
DTC
PWM Comparator
C2 E2
7 FEEDBACK 3 0.7 mA
GND
2
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TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005 (1)
Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
MIN VCC VI VO IO Supply voltage (2) Amplifier input voltage Collector output voltage Collector output current D package DB package JA Package thermal impedance (3) (4) N package NS package PW package Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds Tstg (1) (2) (3) (4) Storage temperature range 65 MAX 41 VCC + 0.3 41 250 73 82 67 64 108 260 150 °C °C °C/W UNIT V V V mA
Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltages are with respect to the network ground terminal. Maximum power disipation is a function of TJ(max), JA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperatire is PD = (TJ(max) TA)/JA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7.
Recommended Operating Conditions
MIN VCC VI VO Supply voltage Amplifier input voltage Collector output voltage Collector output current (each transistor) Current into feedback terminal fOSC CT RT TA Oscillator frequency Timing capacitor Timing resistor Operating free-air temperature TL494C TL494I 1 0.47 1.8 0 40 7 0.3 MAX 40 VCC 2 40 200 0.3 300 10000 500 70 85 UNIT V V V mA mA kHz nF k °C
3
TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
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Electrical Characteristics
over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted)
Reference Section
PARAMETER Output voltage (REF) Input regulation Output regulation Output voltage change with temperature Short-circuit output current (3) (1) (2) (3) TEST CONDITIONS (1) IO = 1 mA VCC = 7 V to 40 V IO = 1 mA to 10 mA TA = MIN to MAX REF = 0 V TL494C, TL494I MIN TYP (2) 4.75 5 2 1 2 25 MAX 5.25 25 15 10 UNIT V mV mV mV/V mA
For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C. Duration of short circuit should not exceed one second.
Oscillator Section
CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 k (see Figure 1)
PARAMETER Frequency Standard deviation of frequency (3) Frequency change with voltage Frequency change with temperature (4) (1) (2) (3) All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = 25°C TA = MIN to MAX TEST CONDITIONS (1) TL494C, TL494I MIN TYP (2) 10 100 1 10 MAX UNIT kHz Hz/kHz Hz/kHz Hz/kHz
For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula:
N
(x n * X)2 s +
(4)
n+1
N*1
Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor are not taken into account.
Error-Amplifier Section
See Figure 2
PARAMETER Input offset voltage Input offset current Input bias current Common-mode input voltage range Open-loop voltage amplification Unity-gain bandwidth Common-mode rejection ratio Output sink current (FEEDBACK) Output source current (FEEDBACK) (1) TEST CONDITIONS VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VO (FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V VCC = 7 V to 40 V VO = 3 V, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 k VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 k VO = 40 V, TA = 25°C VID = 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V VID = 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 3.5 V 65 0.3 2 0.3 to VCC 2 70 95 800 80 0.7 TL494C, TL494I MIN TYP (1) 2 25 0.2 MAX 10 250 1 UNIT mV nA µA V dB kHz dB mA mA
All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25°C.
4
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TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
Electrical Characteristics
over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted)
Output Section
PARAMETER Collector off-state current Emitter off-state current Collector-emitter saturation voltage Output control input current (1) Common emitter Emitter follower TEST CONDITIONS VCE = 40 V, VCC = 40 V VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0 VE = 0, IC = 200 mA VO(C1 or C2) = 15 V, IE = 200 mA VI = Vref 1.1 1.5 MIN TYP (1) 2 MAX 100 100 1.3 2.5 3.5 UNIT µA µA V mA
All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.
Dead-Time Control Section
See Figure 1
PARAMETER Input bias current (DEAD-TIME CTRL) Maximum duty cycle, each output Input threshold voltage (DEAD-TIME CTRL) (1) TEST CONDITIONS VI = 0 to 5.25 V VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 0, CT = 0.01 µF, RT = 12 k Zero duty cycle Maximum duty cycle 0 MIN TYP (1) 2 45 3 3.3 MAX 10 UNIT µA % V
All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.
PWM Comparator Section
See Figure 1
PARAMETER Input threshold voltage (FEEDBACK) Input sink current (FEEDBACK) (1) Zero duty cyle V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V 0.3 TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP (1) 4 0.7 MAX 4.5 UNIT V mA
All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.
Total Device
PARAMETER Standby supply current Average supply current (1) TEST CONDITIONS RT = Vref, All other inputs and outputs open VCC = 15 V VCC = 40 V MIN TYP (1) 6 9 7.5 MAX 10 15 UNIT mA mA
VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 2 V, See Figure 1
All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.
Switching Characteristics
TA = 25°C
PARAMETER Rise time Fall time Rise time Fall time TEST CONDITIONS Common-emitter configuration, See Figure 3 Emitter-follower configuration, See Figure 4 MIN TYP (1) 100 25 100 40 MAX 200 100 200 100 UNIT ns ns ns ns
(1)
All typical values, except for temperature coefficient, are at TA = 25°C.
5
TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
www.ti.com
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
VCC = 15 V 150 2W C1 E1 C2 E2 8 9 11 10 Output 2 150 2W Output 1
12 VCC 4 Test Inputs 12 k 3 6 5 0.01 µF 1 2 16 15 13 DTC FEEDBACK RT CT
1IN+ 1IN- 2IN+ 2IN-
Error Amplifiers
OUTPUT CTRL GND 7
REF
14
50 k
TEST CIRCUIT
Voltage at C1 Voltage at C2
VCC 0V VCC 0V
Voltage at CT Threshold Voltage DTC 0V Threshold Voltage FEEDBACK 0.7 V Duty Cycle 0% MAX VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS 0%
Figure 1. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms
6
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TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
Amplifier Under Test + VI - FEEDBACK
+ Vref - Other Amplifier
Figure 2. Amplifier Characteristics
15 V 68 2W Output CL = 15 pF (See Note A) 10% TEST CIRCUIT NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. 90%
Each Output Circuit
tf
tr 90%
10%
OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration
15 V Each Output Circuit
Output 68 2W 10% tr TEST CIRCUIT NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. 90%
90%
CL = 15 pF (See Note A)
10% tf
OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration
7
TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS074E JANUARY 1983 REVISED FEBRUARY 2005
www.ti.com
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION vs TIMING RESISTANCE
100 k 40 k -2% 10 k 4k 1k 400 100 40 10 1k -1% 0% 0.1 µF Df = 1% CT = 1 µF 0.01 µF VCC = 15 V TA = 25°C 0.001 µF
f - Oscillator Frequency and Frequency Variation - Hz
4k
10 k
40 k
100 k
400 k
1M
RT - Timing Resistance -
Frequency variation (f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range.
Figure 5.
AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY
100 A - Amplifier Voltage Amplification - dB 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M VCC = 15 V VO = 3 V TA = 25°C
f - Frequency - Hz
Figure 6.
8
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
28-May-2007
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device TL494CD TL494CDBR TL494CDBRE4 TL494CDBRG4 TL494CDE4 TL494CDG4 TL494CDR TL494CDRE4 TL494CDRG4 TL494CJ TL494CN TL494CNE4 TL494CNSR TL494CNSRG4 TL494CPW TL494CPWE4 TL494CPWG4 TL494CPWLE TL494CPWR TL494CPWRE4 TL494CPWRG4 TL494ID TL494IDE4 TL494IDG4 TL494IDR TL494IDRE4 Status (1) ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE OBSOLETE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE OBSOLETE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE Package Type SOIC SSOP SSOP SSOP SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC CDIP PDIP PDIP SO SO TSSOP TSSOP TSSOP TSSOP TSSOP TSSOP TSSOP SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC SOIC Package Drawing D DB DB DB D D D D D J N N NS NS PW PW PW PW PW PW PW D D D D D Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 25 25 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Lead/Ball Finish CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU Call TI CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU Call TI CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU MSL Peak Temp (3) Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Call TI N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Call TI Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM Level-1-260C-UNLIM
2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 40 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)
2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) TBD Pb-Free (RoHS) Pb-Free (RoHS)
2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 90 90 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) TBD 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 40 40 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br)
2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 2500 Green (RoHS &
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
28-May-2007
Orderable Device
Status (1)
Package Type SOIC PDIP PDIP CDIP CDIP
Package Drawing D N N J J
Pins Package Eco Plan (2) Qty no Sb/Br) 16 16 16 16 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) 25 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) Pb-Free (RoHS) TBD TBD
Lead/Ball Finish
MSL Peak Temp (3)
TL494IDRG4 TL494IN TL494INE4 TL494MJ TL494MJB
(1)
ACTIVE ACTIVE ACTIVE OBSOLETE OBSOLETE
CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU CU NIPDAU Call TI Call TI
Level-1-260C-UNLIM N / A for Pkg Type N / A for Pkg Type Call TI Call TI
The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
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5-Oct-2007
TAPE AND REEL BOX INFORMATION
Device
Package Pins
Site
Reel Diameter (mm) 330 330 330 330 330 330
Reel Width (mm) 16 16 16 16 12 16
A0 (mm)
B0 (mm)
K0 (mm)
P1 (mm) 12 8 8 12 8 8
W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 16 16 16 16 12 16 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1
TL494CDBR TL494CDR TL494CDR TL494CNSR TL494CPWR TL494IDR
DB D D NS PW D
16 16 16 16 16 16
SITE 41 SITE 27 SITE 41 SITE 41 SITE 41 SITE 27
8.2 6.5 6.5 8.2 7.0 6.5
6.6 10.3 10.3 10.5 5.6 10.3
2.5 2.1 2.1 2.5 1.6 2.1
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com
5-Oct-2007
Device TL494CDBR TL494CDR TL494CDR TL494CNSR TL494CPWR TL494IDR
Package DB D D NS PW D
Pins 16 16 16 16 16 16
Site SITE 41 SITE 27 SITE 41 SITE 41 SITE 41 SITE 27
Length (mm) 346.0 342.9 346.0 346.0 346.0 342.9
Width (mm) 346.0 336.6 346.0 346.0 346.0 336.6
Height (mm) 33.0 28.58 33.0 33.0 29.0 28.58
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
MSSO002E JANUARY 1995 REVISED DECEMBER 2001
DB (R-PDSO-G**)
28 PINS SHOWN 0,65 28 0,38 0,22 15 0,15 M
PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE
0,25 0,09 5,60 5,00 8,20 7,40
Gage Plane 1 A 14 0° 8° 0,25 0,95 0,55
Seating Plane 2,00 MAX 0,05 MIN 0,10
PINS ** DIM A MAX
14
16
20
24
28
30
38
6,50
6,50
7,50
8,50
10,50
10,50
12,90
A MIN
5,90
5,90
6,90
7,90
9,90
9,90
12,30 4040065 /E 12/01
NOTES: A. B. C. D.
All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15. Falls within JEDEC MO-150
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
· DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
MECHANICAL DATA
MTSS001C JANUARY 1995 REVISED FEBRUARY 1999
PW (R-PDSO-G**)
14 PINS SHOWN
PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE
0,65 14 8
0,30 0,19
0,10 M
0,15 NOM 4,50 4,30 6,60 6,20 Gage Plane 0,25 1 A 7 0° 8° 0,75 0,50
Seating Plane 1,20 MAX 0,15 0,05 0,10
PINS ** DIM A MAX
8
14
16
20
24
28
3,10
5,10
5,10
6,60
7,90
9,80
A MIN
2,90
4,90
4,90
6,40
7,70
9,60
4040064/F 01/97 NOTES: A. B. C. D. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15. Falls within JEDEC MO-153
POST OFFICE BOX 655303
· DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
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