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Portable Bench Top True RMS digital meter
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O PE R ATING INSTR UCTIO NS BE DIENUNG SA NLE ITUNG
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Version 03/99
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These operating instructions are published by Conrad Electronic GmbH, KlausConrad-Str. 1, 92240 Hirschau/Germany No reproduction (including translation) is permitted in whole or part e.g. photocopy, microfilming or storage in electronic data processing equipment, without the express written consent of the publisher. The operating instructions reflect the current technical specifications at time of print. We reserve the right to change the technical or physical specifications. © Copyright 1999 by Conrad Electronic GmbH. Printed in Germany.
True rms Bench Multimeter MXD 4660 A Page 2 - 25
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Note de l´éditeur
Cette notice est une publication de la société Conrad Electronic GmbH, Klaus-Conrad-Str. 1, 92240 Hirschau/Allemagne. Tous droits réservés, y compris traduction. Toute reproduction, quel que soit le type, par exemple photocopies, microfilms ou saisie dans des traitements de texte electronique est soumise à une autorisation préalable écrite de l`éditeur. Impression, même partielle, interdite. Cette notice est conforme à la règlementation en vigueur lors de l´impression. Données techniques et conditionnement soumis à modifications sans aucun préalable. © Copyright 1999 par Conrad Electronic GmbH. Imprimé en Allemagne.
MXD 4660 A
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True-RMS-Tischmultimeter MXD 4660 A Seite 51 - 74 True-RMS-tafelmultimeter MXD 4660 Axxx
Pagina 75 - 98
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Diese Bedienungsanleitung ist eine Publikation der Conrad Electronic GmbH. Alle Rechte einschließlich Übersetzung vorbehalten. Reproduktionen jeder Art, z. B. Fotokopie, Mikroverfilmung, oder die Erfassung in elektronischen Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, bedürfen der schriftlichen Genehmigung des Herausgebers. Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, verboten. Diese Bedienungsanleitung entspricht dem technischen Stand bei Drucklegung. Änderung in Technik und Ausstattung vorbehalten. © Copyright 1999 by Conrad Electronic GmbH. Printed in Germany.
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Deze gebruiksaanwijzing is een publikatie van Conrad Electronic Ned BV. Alle rechten, inclusief de vertaling, voorbehouden. Reprodukties van welke aard dan ook, fotokopie, microfilm of opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, alleen met schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Nadruk, ook in uittreksel, verboden. Deze gebruiksaanwijzing voldoet aan de technische eisen bij het ter perse gaan. Wijzigingen in techniek en uitrusting voorbehouden. © Copyright 1999 by Conrad Electronic Ned BV. Printed in Germany.
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Please keep these operating instructions in a safe place for reference. The table of contents on page 5 contains an index of the topics dealt with and the relevant page number.
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These operating instructions relate to this product and contain important information regarding setting-up and operation. Please remember this when allowing third parties to use the product. The present instructions assume previous knowledge of measuring devices and PCs.
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Introduction
Dear Customer, in purchasing this True rms Bench Multimeter you have acquired a state-of-the-art product. Alongside the usual measurement functions, this device includes special features designed to make a whole range of measuring tasks much simpler: Data Hold enabling you to store measurement values), Auto Hold (enabling you to obtain min., max. and mean values), a measurement value memory (including 10 memory locations) and comparative measurement. The variables, voltage and current are measured and displayed as true rms.
To maintain this condition and ensure safe operation, you should, as user, carefully read these operating instructions!
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If you have any questions, please address them to our Technical Service Center Tel. ++49 (0)180 / 531 21 19 Monday - Friday, 8.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.
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The product is designed according to Protection Class 1 to standards VDE 0411 (= EN 61010) and VDE 0551 (= EN 60742). The device is also EMV safety-tested and thus meets current European and German guidelines. Conformity has been demonstrated and the relevant documentation (declaration) are on file with the manufacturer.
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Figure (fold-out page)
Description of the setting controls 1. Device on/off = power: This switch activates/deactivates the device. The digital Multimeter is operational a few moments after switch-on. 2. Buttons: 2a "FUNC" is for special functions, 2b "SET/R" for setting/resetting special functions, 2c and 2d "UP" and "DOWN" are for fine-tuning special functions. 3. Transistor header socket: This header socket is for testing hFE-parameters of lowoutput transistors. 4. Button clusters: 4a "RANGE" is for setting measurement ranges, and 4b "FUNCTION" for setting the various operating modes (voltage measurement, current measurement, etc.). 5. 20 A input: This measurement input is 15 A protected and is officially approved for measuring DC and AC currents up to 20 A max. (for 30 s max. with a 15 min pause between measurements). 6. mA input: This input is for measuring DC and AC currents up to 200 mA max. (protected via a fast-blow 800 mA fuse). 7. COM (-) input socket (COM or negative connection) 8. V/ohm (+) input socket (positive connection). 9. Multifunction illuminated LCD (4 1/2 digits, max. display value: 19999) with three 4 1/2 digit subdisplays. 10. Analog bar graph 11. Bar graph scale 12. Overload "OL" display: The display shows "OL" (there is also a beep) to warn you that there is peak overload (measuring range exceeded). There is no beep when resistance is being measured Important! Please respect max. input parameters. 13. Mains connection socket incl. mains fuse holder when set to mains voltage 14. Fuse holder for protecting the mA current input 15. Fuse holder for protecting the A current input 16. RS-232 interface for connecting a PC Note: The remaining displays are described under the corresponding measurement function 4
Regulation use of the measuring device
Measurement of DC voltages up to 1000 VDC max. in 5 ranges Measurement of DC voltages up to 750 VAC max. in 5 ranges Measurement of DC and AC currents up to 20 A max. for 30 s max. (unprotected), in 4 ranges Measurement of resistances up to 20 MW max. in 6 ranges Continuity check, diode and transistor test, logic test, measurement of frequencies up to 20 MHz max. (19,999). Measurement under adverse environmental conditions is not permitted. Adverse environmental conditions are: · damp or excessive humidity, · dust and combustible gases, vapors or solvents, · storms, or stormy weather conditions, such as strong electrostatic fields, etc. Use of the device other than previously described will result in damage to the device, and also implies risks, such as short circuit, fire or electric shocks, etc. No part of the product must be changed or modified in any way! Please observe the Notes on Safety!
Table of Contents
Page Introduction ..............................................................................................................2 Regulation use of the measuring device ..................................................................5 Table of Contents ......................................................................................................5 Setting controls (fold-out page) ................................................................................3 Notes on Safety ........................................................................................................6 How to use the Multimeter .......................................................................................8 How to make measurements .................................................................................15 Disposing of the device ..........................................................................................23 What to do in case of malfunction ..........................................................................23 Service and calibration ...........................................................................................24 Technical Data and measurement tolerances .........................................................24 5
Notes on Safety
· This measuring device may only be used with circuits which are 16 A-protected or in which voltages are not in excess of 250 VDC/VACrms or where outputs in excess of 4000 VA may occur. The measuring device may not be used in installations of Overvoltage Category III to IEC 664. The measuring device and the measuring leads are not protected against electric arc explosions (IEC 1010-2-031, Section 13.101) · Measuring devices and equipment should be kept away from children · In the workplace, the accident prevention measures of the Association of Employer's Liability Insurance for electrical plant and operating material must be observed · In schools, training centers, hobby and self-help workshops, the operation of measuring devices must be responsibly supervised by trained personnel · The measuring device is a Bench Multimeter and is a Protection Class 1 device. The device is fitted with a VDE-tested mains cable including a ground conductor and may therefore only be connected or operated from 230 V AC mains supply including ground protection. Please make sure that the ground conductor (yellow/green) is fully intact both in the mains cable and in the device. A faulty ground conductor is a potentially lethal hazard. Please also make sure that the insulation does not become damaged in any way · Before switching the measuring device on and before any connection to the mains socket, check the setting of the voltage selection switch on the back panel of the housing. Make sure that the voltage selected is correct (Germany: 230 V) and that the mains fuse is appropriate (0.25 A fast-blow type, 250 V) · Please take special care when handling voltages in excess of 25 VAC or 35 VDC. Even at these voltages, contact with electric cables can give a potentially lethal electrical shock. Therefore, start by adjusting the voltage source so that there is no current. Connect the measuring device to the connecting points of the voltage source under test. Adjust the measuring device to the voltage measurement range required and then switch the voltage source on. After completing the measurement, adjust the voltage source so that there is no current and remove the measuring leads from the connecting points of the voltage source · Before measuring voltage, check that the measuring device is not adjusted for measuring current
· Before readjusting to a different kind of measurement (e.g. current or voltage), check that the measuring probes are not in contact with the object under test · Ahead of each measurement, check your measuring device and leads for damage · When measuring, use only the leads supplied with the device. No other leads are permitted · To avoid electric shocks, make sure that the measuring probes and the points at which you are measuring (measurement points) do not come into contact, even indirectly, while you are measuring · The voltage across the V/Ohm socket of the device and ground must not exceed 500 VDC/VACrms · Do not operate the measuring device in rooms or under adverse ambient conditions in which combustible gases or dust may be present. For your own personal safety, make sure that the measuring devices/measuring leads are not exposed to damp or wet. Do not operate in the immediate vicinity of strong magnetic fields (loudspeakers, magnets) electromagnetic fields (transformers, motors, coils, relays, reactors, electromagnets, etc.) electrostatic fields (charging/discharging) transmission antennae or HF generators · If there are reasons for supposing that risk-free operation is no longer possible, the unit must be disabled and safetied against accidental operation. Risk-free operation can no longer be supposed, when the equipment is visibly damaged no longer functions has been stored long-term under adverse conditions has been exposed to strong vibrations during transport · Never turn the measuring device on immediately after transferring it from a cold environment to a warm environment. Condensation can cause irreparable damage to your equipment. Allow your device to acclimatize to the temperature of the room before you switch it on
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How to use the Multimeter
a) Connecting mains power For perfect operation of your measuring device you need to connect it to the 230 V mains supply incl. ground protection via the cold device cable supplied. Check the mains cable periodically for damage. Make sure that connections both to the measuring device and the mains socket are not loose.
c) Connecting the measuring leads Never use other measuring leads than the ones supplied. Before connection, check the condition of the connectors or measuring probes and that the insulation is not damaged. The measuring leads are approved for voltages up to 1000 V max. Your measuring device, the MXD 4660A, is designed for voltages up to 1000 VDC (or 750 VACrms) max. Take special care when handing voltages in excess of 25 V DC (35 V AC).
Important! Never operate the measuring device when open or via a faulty mains connection, with damaged (split/cracked) housing, or worn-out measuring leads. !Potentially lethal hazard!
Important! Never exceed the max. input parameters. If not, there is potentially lethal hazard due to damage to the measuring device.
d) Operating d 1 Basic settings Press the switch "POWER". To select a measurement function, in the "FUNCTION" button cluster, press one of the buttons. You are now able to make "normal" measurements not including extra functions. Even without extra functions, your measurements are supported by a number of subdisplays (max. 3), depending on the measurement mode you are in. To select an additional/extra function, press the "FUNC" button. Repeatedly pressing this button displays the various subfunctions in the header of the display. To quit the menu, press the Set/R button twice: once to set the subfunction, and a second time to reset (regardless of which subfunction is set). d 2 What the buttons do FUNC (=Function) Press this button to access the subfunctions. The following codes are then shown in the display: D-H -> A-H -> REL -> MEM -> RCL-> CMP SET/R (= Set / Reset) To enable (switch on) a selected subfunction, press the SET/R button once. You reset to the basic setting by pressing the subfunction D-H a second time (and keeping it pressed until you hear a beep). For the subfunction A-H (MIN-MAX and AVG), the code A-H is displayed. If you repress the SET/R button, the code A-H stops flashing and is now set. To return to the basic setting, press the SET/R button a second time. To return to the basic setting in the subfunctions REL, MEM, RCL and CMP, you need to press the SET/R button several times. A second option for quitting subfunctions is either by repressing the FUNC button or the POWER switch, or (observing the safety regulations!) turning the selector switch one position on (further).
b) Fuse change
Important! It must be ensured that all replacement fuses are of the specified type and nominal current rating. The use of repaired fuses or shunting the fuse holder is not permitted.
When changing the range fuses for the current inputs and the mains fuse, disconnect the measuring device from the measuring circuit and switch it off. Disconnect all leads and test probes connected. Using a Phillips (cross-head) screwdriver, carefully unscrew and remove the fuse cover. Remove the defective fuse(s) and replace them by fuses of the same type and nominal value 0.8 A fast-blow, 250 V (standard code: F 0.8 A / 250 V or F 800 mA/250 V) or 15 A super fast-blow, 250 V (standard code FF15 A/ 250 V) for the A-range. After replacing the fuse, replace and carefully screw (turning clockwise) the fuse cover back on again and gently tighten. Changing the mains fuse requires a small cross-head screwdriver. Carefully lift off the cover of the mains voltage setting in the cold device socket and pull it out. Remove the defective fuse and replace it with a new one of the same type. Do not restart operations with the measuring device until the housing has been closed and attached.
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UP / DOWN Press either of these buttons to set a reference value in the subfunctions REL or CMP (or to call up stored values (reference numbers) in the subfunctions MEM or RCL (Recall Memory).
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V·mA·kOhm = max. 200 V or 200 mA or 200 kW V·MOhm = max. 20 A or 20 MW
2000 V·kOhm = max. 1000 VDC or 750 VACrms or 2000 kW
e) How sockets are connected e1 Transistor header socket hFE The 8-pin transistor header includes a symmetry coding. Fit the non-live transistor connectors B(ase), E(mitter) and C(ollector) in the header socket as shown. For the pin assignment of different transistors, refer to a transistor comparison book. e 2 Button clusters "FUNCTION" and "RANGE"
e 3 20 A socket For DC or AC current measurements up to 20 A max., connect the red measuring lead to this socket.
Important! When measuring current, the operating mode switch must never be set to voltage measurement (mV or V).
Important! Never under any circumstances should you adjust button settings while an object under test is connected: this can lead to irreparable damage to your measuring device and is, with voltages in excess of 25 VACrms (35 VDC), a potentially lethal hazard.
e 4 mA socket For DC or AC current measurements up to 200 A max., the red measuring lead must be connected to this socket, if the operating mode switch (8) is set to 2 m or 200 m for DC current (DCA) (or 2 m or 200 m for AC current (ACA)). e 5 COM ( = common socket) For all measurements except transistor parameter measurements, connect the black measuring lead to this socket (common socket signifies minus or "-" or ground socket). e 6 V/Ohm socket If you wish to make voltage or frequency measurements, continuity checks or logic level measurements, connect the red measuring lead to this socket.
"FUNCTION": Here are grouped, from left to right, the various measurement functions, selectable by pressing the buttons (pressing one button locks the others): DC V = DC voltage (5 ranges) AC V DCA ACA hFE = AC voltage (5 ranges) = DC current (5 ranges "2 to 10") = AC current (5 ranges "2 to 10") = Diode test and continuity check (1 range) = Measurement of hFE-parameter of transistors OHM = Resistance measurement (6 ranges. Switch 10 for 20 MW)
f) Details of display and display codes f 1 Digital display Both the main display and subdisplays (small displays located in a vertical row on the right side of the main display) can display values up to "19999". Polarity (-) is automatically displayed (in the case of negative voltages or reversed polarity). Decimals are indicated with four digits after the comma. f 2 Analog bar graph The analog bar graph consists of 43 segments and has a faster measuring speed than the digital display. This allows easier identification of trends in the measurement values, similar to an analog multimeter, but without the mechanical disadvantages (damping of the measuring mechanism). If the measurement range is exceeded, "OL" (for overload) is displayed. The display flashes and there is a warning beep (no beep for resistance measurements and diode test). 11
FREQ = Frequency measurement (automatic switching between ranges, no manual switching available) LOGIC = Logic level measurement of digital circuits, TTL or CMOS
"RANGE": From left to right, the various measurement ranges selectable by pressing the buttons (pressing one button locks the others): 200 2 20 10 mV·Ohm = max. 200 mV or W V·mA·kOhm = max. 2 V or 2 mA or 2 kW V·mA·kOhm = max. 20 V or 20 mA or 20 kW
f 3 Data Hold D-H With D-H, a measurement value is held in the middle subdisplay when the SET/R button is pressed. If you wish to quit this subfunction, press the SET/R button a second time (keeping it down a little longer), or the FUNC button. You then return to default. f 4 Auto Hold A-H When set to this function, the measuring device saves the MIN and MAX measurement values, which are automatically refreshed if there are changes to the measurement values. You can see the MIN value in the left-hand subdisplay, the MAX value in the right-hand display. The middle subdisplay shows the average value (AVG). This value is also refreshed as applicable. In this subfunction, keep pressing the FUNC button until the code "A-H" flashes. Then press the SET/R button once. The code A-H stops flashing. The measurement can start. If you wish to quit this subfunction, press the SET/R button a second time, or the FUNC button. You then return to default. f 5 REL ( = Relative) This setting allows you to compare a reference value with a subsequently measured value. This is what you do: Start by setting the FUNC button to REL and then press the SET/R button once. Next, select polarity by pressing the UP and DOWN buttons. Then, press the SET/R button. To set the relative value from left to right, repress the UP and DOWN buttons. After each digit setting, repress the SET/R button. This brings you to the next digit position. When the relative value has been set, press the SET/R button again. The measuring device now displays the difference between the value saved and the subsequent measurement value in the subdisplay, while the current (true) measurement value is displayed on the main display. The % difference is shown in the upper subdisplay. The offset value is shown in the middle subdisplay. The reference value set is shown in the lower subdisplay. If you wish to quit this subfunction, press the SET/R button a second time, or the FUNC button. f 6 MEM ( = Memory) This function allows you to save up to 10 measurement values (reference number 0 to 9). This is what you do: Keep pressing the FUNC button until you see MEM flashing in the display. Then, press the SET/R button. MEM stops flashing, and the reference number flashes instead. Make your measurement and press the SET/R button once if you wish to save the measurement value to the first memory location = reference number 0. 12
To select the next available (free) memory location, press the UP/DOWN buttons (reference number between 0 and 9). Make your next measurement and then repress the SET/R button. This memory location is also now occupied. If you select a memory location already occupied by a measurement value, the location is overwritten with the new value. Quit this function by pressing only the "FUNC" button or the SET/R button.
Important! Pressing the SET/R button once too often when saving a measurement value quits the subfunction. However, the value you wished to save is not lost and can be called up via the following subfunction.
f 7 RCL (= Recall) To call up the reference values you have saved, use this function. This is what you do: Keep pressing the FUNC button until RCL flashes. Repress the SET/R button. RCL stops flashing, replaced by the reference number. You can now recall the reference number corresponding to the memory location where the desired measurement value is stored by pressing the UP/DOWN keys. Then press the SET/R button to read out the saved value. The value read out is shown on the upper subdisplay, and the contents of the following memory locations in the subdisplays below (memory locations are not numbered). If you wish to quit this subfunction, press the SET/R or FUNC buttons. You are then returned to default. f 8 CMP (= Comparison) This subfunction enables you to make a high/low comparison by comparing the highest and the lowest reference values saved against your current measurement value. The middle subdisplay then shows "Lo" if the current measurement value is lower than the lowest saved measurement value, and "Hi" if the current measurement value is higher than the highest saved measurement value. If "Pass" is shown (accompanied by a beep), the current measurement value is between the higher and lower limit values set. The lower limit value is shown in the upper subdisplay (LOW), and the upper limit value in the lower subdisplay (HIGH). To activate this function, press the "FUNC" button until the code "CMP" is shown at the top of the digital display. Repress the SET/R button. The code for polarity then starts flashing next to the upper subdisplay. Now set the minimum value (lower limit value) with polarity and weighting, by pressing the "UP" and "DOWN" buttons. After each change, confirm you entry by pressing the SET/R button once, which brings you to the position of the next digit. When the lower limit value (LOW) has been set, the polarity code is displayed in the lower subdisplay. 13
Set the upper limit value in the same manner (with polarity and the five-digit measurement value). After completing entry of your comparison/limit values, repress the SET/R button. When you have completed setting the measurement range (as far as manually possible) the comparison measurement (CMP) becomes active. To quit this function, briefly press or the "FUNC" button. Resetting via the SET/R button is also possible, even during the measurement. g) Details of display and display codes for operating modes g 1 Diode test and continuity check The value displayed in the diode test is the conducting state voltage at approx. 1 mA test current. The measurement range in this case is 0 to approx. 2.0 V. The continuity check allows you to check continuity for dead cables, plug-in connectors or fuses both acoustically and optically (display of the measurement value, but in mV). A beep is given with resistances smaller than 30 W. g 2 Negative polarity If measuring leads have been unintentionally reversed, or with negative polarity, a minus sign (-) is displayed in front of the measurement value. g 3 FREQ Frequency measurement This function allows frequency measurements up to 20 MHz g 4 hFE Transistor test The transistor test measures the hfe parameter g 5 rDY ( = ready) = logic test This function allows you to measure and display all standard logic levels g 6 All other codes representing various units of measurement: AC= AC parameter (DC = DC parameter) mV = millivolt (exp.-3) V = volt mA = milliampere (exp.-3) A = ampere Hz = hertz kHz = kilohertz (exp.3) MHz = megahertz (exp.6) kW = kiloohm (exp.3) MW = megaohm (exp.6) dB = decibel 14
How to make measurements
A Measuring voltage Important! Never exceed the max. permissible input parameters (1000 VDC max. or 750 VAC rms max.). Do not touch circuits or circuit components if the voltage you measure in them is greater than 25 VACrms or 35 VDC. This is how you measure DC or AC voltages: 1. Connect the red measuring lead to the V/Ohm socket, and the black measuring lead to the COM socket. 2. In the button cluster "RANGE", set the voltage range required. For DC or True RMS AC voltage measurements, there are five measurement ranges (200 mV-220-200-2000) for both AC and DC for you to choose from. Important! The button "2000" is only permitted for voltage measurements up to 1000 VDC (or 750 VACrms max.). In AC voltage measurements, the middle subdisplay also shows frequency and the lower subdisplay shows a decibel value for the AC voltage measured. To measure DC voltage, you must observe the following points! 3. Connect the measuring leads to the object under test (load circuit, etc.). 4. The polarity of each measurement value is shown alongside the current measurement value in the main display. Each of the DC voltage ranges (as well as each of the AC voltage ranges) has an input resistance of 10 MÍ. (in the AC voltage range parallel to < 20 pF (AC-coupled). If a minus sign (-) is shown in front of the measurement value, the voltage measured is negative (or the measuring leads have been inadvertently switched). Important! The measurement input is very sensitive. For this reason, the device may display measurement values even when the measuring leads are not connected to a test object. This phenomenon is normal and stops as soon as you make a measurement. However, during these "phantom" measurement values, the Auto-Power-Off function is disabled (for AC voltages "mV" and "V"). During DC voltage measurement, the three subdisplays located to the right of the main display are also active. The upper subdisplay displays the current measurement value with a 1 s delay. The middle display shows the measurement value with a 2 s delay. The lower subdisplay shows the measurement value with a 3 s delay. 15
B Measuring resistance
Figure explaining how to measure curren
Fuse
Important! Make absolutely sure that all circuit components, circuits and structural components, as well as test objects are not live.
A
Ammeter/ measuring device
Currentsource
This is how you measure resistance: 1. Connect the black measuring lead to the COM socket, and the red measuring lead to the V/Ohm socket. 2. Press the button "OHM" in the button cluster "FUNCTION", and to set the range, press the button corresponding to the measurement range you wish to have in the button cluster "RANGE". Complete a continuity check for the measuring leads by connecting the two measuring probes. 3. Next, connect the measuring probes with the object under test.
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Object under test, consumer device
Important! When you are measuring resistance, make sure that the measurement points which the measuring probes touch are free of dirt, oil, soldering material or similar. Soiled measurement points may falsify your measurement results. For resistances greater than approx. 1 MÍ, the display may need some time to stabilize. When "OL" is shown in the display and the bar graph shows all segments, you have exceeded the measuring range and/or the measurement path has been interrupted. When you measure resistance, the three displays located to right of the main display are also active. The upper subdisplay displays the current measurement value with a 1 s delay. The middle display shows the measurement value with a 2 s delay. The lower subdisplay shows the measurement value with a 3 s delay. C Measuring current This is how you measure DC or AC currents: 1. Connect the black measuring lead to the COM socket, and the red measuring lead to the mA socket if the currents to be measured are less than 200 mA max. (or to the 20 A socket, if the currents to be measured are in the range 200 mA to 20 A max.). 2. If measuring DC current, press the "DCA" button in the button cluster "FUNCTION". If measuring True RMS AC current, press the "ACA" button. Also press the button corresponding to the measurement range you desire in the button cluster "RANGE" (except for 200 left and 2000). 3. Connect the measuring leads to the object under test in series (as in the figure below). 16
Important! Never measure currents in electric circuits which may contain voltages larger than 250 VDC (or VACrms). To do so constitutes a potentially lethal hazard. Never measure currents larger than 20 A. Make your measurements only in circuits themselves 16 A protected, or in which output does not exceed 4000 VA. Measurements of currents equal to 20 A may only be made for a maximum of 30s and only at intervals of 15 minutes (cooling period for the shunt). When you measure True RMS AC current, the middle subdisplay shows the frequency of the AC current, while the main display shows the current measurement value. When you measure DC current, the three displays located to right of the main display are also active. The upper subdisplay displays the current measurement value with a 1 s delay. The middle display shows the measurement value with a 2 s delay. The lower subdisplay shows the measurement value with a 3 s delay. D Diode test and continuity check This is how you measure diodes or semiconductor paths, or make continuity checks on non-live wires and cables (please refer the figures shown below): 1. Connect the black measuring lead to the COM socket, and the red measuring lead to the V/Ohm socket. 2. In the button cluster "FUNCTION", press the button " " and connect the measuring probes to the object under test (which under no circumstances should be live!). 3. In the diode test, the value displayed refers to the on-state voltage (off-state voltage) of a Si semiconductor path (silicon p-n junction). When making continuity checks on resistances smaller than approx. 30 , there is a beep and the middle subdisplay shows "Shrt" (= short = short-circuit or conducting). There is also a beep if the diode connected is shorted (faulty). 17
red measuring
black measuring
red measurin
black measuring
· The hFE measurement value is not absolutely accurate, and only tells you whether the transistor is working or not. The actual amplification of a transistor depends on its operating current. Your Multimeter can supply a base current of up to 1000 A at a Vce of 2.8 V. The collector current flowing during the measurement is measured and the hFE value calculated from it. · You are not able to measure transistors which are built into a circuit. · With this Multimeter, it is not possible to measure hFE values for FETs or other unipolar transistors. · f the connecting pins of the object under test do not fit into the socket (too large), do not employ force (which could damage the socket). · The hFE measurement is sensitive to temperature fluctuations. The measurement value can change as soon as you touch the sensor and connect it to the socket (warmth of the fingers). If you obtain a display which does not stabilize, remove the transistor and allow it to cool to room temperature. During the measurement of the transistor parameter hFE, the three subdisplays to the right of the display are also active. The upper subdisplay displays the current measurement value with a 1 s delay. The middle display shows the measurement value with a 2 s delay. The lower subdisplay shows the measurement value with a 3 s delay.
Conducting direction
Blocking direction
Next, connect the measuring probes to the object under test, a non-live semiconductor path, with the red measuring probe at the anode, and the black measuring lead to the cathode (normally identified by a colored ring, point or similar).If you check a diode path in the conducting direction, you will measure a voltage of between approx. 0.6 V (silicon) to 2.8 V (or 600 mV to 2800 mV), assuming that the diode is not faulty. Also, in the middle subdisplay you can see "good", i.e. OK. You can test the so-called off-state of the diode path by now reversing the measuring leads, i.e. red to the cathode and black to the anode. The diode is OK when you obtain a bar graph flashing "OL" (for overload), and in the middle subdisplay "OPEN" appears. However, if a voltage value is displayed, either the object under test is defect or incorrectly connected.
Important! When testing diodes, make absolutely sure that the diode, or the circuit of which it is part, are not live. Any capacitors must be discharged. With germanium or selenite diodes/semiconductors, the middle subdisplay shows "bAd" (bad, faulty) instead of "good" (OK).
F Measuring frequency When measuring frequency it is not possible to set the measuring ranges manually. Switchover is automatic. This is how to measure a frequency: 1. Connect the black measuring lead to the COM socket, and the red measuring lead to the V/Ohm socket. 2. In the button cluster "FUNCTION", press the "FREQ" button and connect the measuring probes to the object under test (generator, etc.).
E Transistor test Important! The transistor header socket is not protected against overload.
How to measure the amplification of a transistor: 1. In the button cluster "FUNCTION", press button "hFE". 2. Insert the transistor to be checked into the measurement socket. Take special care with the following: · Make sure the connection sequence (e.g. C-B-E) of the object under test is correct (refer the transistor comparison table/list). · Some types of transistor include base-to-emitter resistances. This can falsify measurements. 18
Important! Make sure that the max. input parameters are not exceeded! Connect no voltages greater than 250 VDC max. (or VACrms). Touching voltages greater than 25 VAC (or 35 VDC) constitutes a potentially lethal hazard. During measurements, do not switch to a different measurement function. This could irreparably damage the sensitive electronics in the interior of the measuring device, and is a potential hazard for the user. It is not possible to measure frequency at voltages smaller than approx. 50 mVrms (measured at 1 kHz) . 19
During frequency measurement, the middle subdisplay shows the size of the AC voltage in V. The lower subdisplay shows the decibel value of the AC voltage. For frequency measurement, switching between measurement ranges is automatic, and manual range setting is not required/ possible.
Important! During logic level measurement, the middle subdisplay shows level frequency and the lower subdisplay shows the voltage value.
H Using the analog bar graph The bar graph is easy to understand and operate, and is comparable to the pointer of an analog measuring instrument, but without the mechanical disadvantages. The bar graph is particularly appropriate for fast-changing measurement signals for which the digital display is too slow. Trends in measurement value changes can thus be identified and evaluated fast. The measurement rate is approx. 3-4 measurements/s.
G Logic measurements This measurement function is for measuring logic levels in digital circuits (5 V or 12V or 18V logic, etc.). The logic function enables you to identify the following situations: · if the test point has a high level greater than 70 % of the Vcc (or V++ or Vc or V+, etc.) (up to 18 VDC max., above which "OL" for overload is displayed), "Hi" is displayed. · if the test point has a low level smaller than 30 % of the Vcc, "Lo" is displayed. · if there is a level of between 30 % and 70 % of the Vcc at the test point, "----" is displayed. This is how to measure logic level and/or set the level ranges: 1. Switch the measuring device on. 2. In the button cluster "FUNCTION", press the "LOGIC" button. The display shows "rdY", i.e. ready for measurement. 3. Connect the black measuring lead to the COM socket, and the red measuring lead to the V/Ohm socket. 4. Connect the free end of the black measuring lead (probe) to the ground of the digital circuit, normally "-". 5. With the black measuring lead connected to ground, use the red measuring probe to touch the supply point Vcc (or V++ or V+ or Vc, etc.). If this supply voltage is less than 20 VDC and you repress the "SET/R" button, there is a beep and "Hi" appears in the display.
I Using the Multimeter with a PC
a) Connection Connect an RS-232 interface cable to both the Multimeter and a serial interface of your PC (which should be off). Next, switch on both the measuring device and your PC. b) A data format is 14 bytes long and consists of the following: BYTE Example 2 123 456789ABCDE CR 3 .9 9 9 M o h m CR
Example 1 DC - 3 .9 9 9 V
Special features for data transmission (communication parameters): Transfer rate Parity Stop bits :1200 baud : none :2 Character code : 7 bit ASCII
Important! If the supply voltage exceeds 20 VDC, there is also a beep and "OL" (for overload) appears in the display.
Important! The interface cable is an optional item to the software.
6. Your multimeter is now ready to check the relevant measuring points on the digital circuit for the corresponding logic level. Remove the red measuring probe from the supply point and touch the test points you wish to test.
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Disposing of the device
Dispose of the Bench Multimeter according to current legal regulations!
Service and calibration
To maintain the long-term accuracy of the Multimeter, it must be calibrated every year. Changing fuses is described in the Notes on Safety (page 6). For cleaning the device or the display window, use only a clean, dry, antistatic lint-free cleaning rag.
What to do in case of malfunction
With the Bench Multimeter MXD-4660A, you have acquired a state-of-the-art measuring device. Even so, faults may occur. This is how you can deal relatively easily with some of these faults:
Important! Never use cleaning agents containing carbon, petrol, alcohol or similar since these will attack the surface finish of the measuring device. Also, the vapors are a health and explosion hazard. Never use sharp tools, screwdrivers or metal brushes, etc. when cleaning.
Problem No display
Possible solution Is the device switched on? Is the mains plug making correct contact, both at the device and at the socket? Is the mains fuse OK? Are the fuses for the various current measuring ranges faulty? Is the interface cable making correct contact, both at the PC and at the measuring device? Are the measuring device and PC on and the software loaded/started up?
Technical data and measurement tolerances
Technical data Operating voltage .......................: 100 or 120 or 220 or 240 V, ±10%, AC voltage, adjustable Mains frequency .........................: 50 or 60 Hz Current consumption ..................: max. 10 W Display ........................................: 4 1/2 digit LCD display up to 19999, illuminated, with automatic polarity display and three subdisplays, also 4 1/2 digits Max. measurement rate ..............: 1.5 measurements per second Max. input current AC/DC ..........: 20 A Operating temperature ...............: 0°C to + 40°C In-store temperature ...................: -10°C to +50°C Relative humidity ........................: 0 to 90 % (0°C to 35°C) 0 to 70 % (35°C to 50°C) Temperature for guaranteed accuracy .....................................: +23°C ±5 K Weight .........................................: approx. 2 kg (without accessory equipment) Overall dimensions (W x H x D) ..: approx. 240 x 97 x 291 mm (with stand retracted, excl. mains cable)
No current measurement possible No transfer to PC
Important! Please read and observe the Notes on Safety! When opening panels or removing parts (except if this is manually possible), live components may be exposed. Connecting points may also be live. Ahead of any adjustment, maintenance, repair or exchange of parts or sub-assemblies during which the unit must be opened, they must be disconnected from all voltage sources and measurement circuits. If adjustment, maintenance or repair must then proceed with the unit open, only trained engineers, familiar with the risks and relevant regulations (VDE 0100, VDE0701, VDE-0683), are authorized to complete the work. Capacitors in the device may still be charged, even if the device has been disconnected from all voltage sources and measuring circuits.
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Measurement tolerances Accuracy in ±(% of read-off + number of digits = dgt(s) ) Accuracy is 1 year at a temperature +23°C ±5°C and relative humidity less than 75 %. Warm-up time is approx. 1 minute. Op. mode DC voltage Meas. range 200 mV 2V 20 V 200 V 1000 V 200 mV 2 V 20 V 200 V 750 V Accuracy ±(0.05%+3dgts) -- " -- ---- ---- -- " -- ---- ---- -- " -- ---- ---- ±(0.1%+5dgts) ±(0.5%+10 dgts) (40 Hz to 1 kHz) ±(2.5%+10 dgts) (1 kHz to 10 kHz) ±(0.8%+10 dgts) (40 Hz to 1 kHz) ±(0.3%+3 dgts) ±(0.3%+3 dgts) ±(0.5%+3 dgts) ±(0.8%+5 dgts) ±(1.5%+10 dgts) (40 Hz to 1 kHz) ±(2.5%+10 dgts) (1 kHz to 10 kHz) ±(1.5%+15 dgts) (40 Hz to 1 kHz) ±(0.2%+5 dgts) ±(0.15%+3 dgts) -- " -- ---- ---- -- " -- ---- ---- -- " -- ---- ---- ±(0.5%+5 dgts) Resolution 10 mV 100 mV 1 mV 10 mV 100 mV 10 mV 100 mV 1 mV 10 mV 100 mV
Operating mode Diode test Continuity test:
Meas. range
Accuracy
Resolution
Test current 1.0 mA max. Measurement voltage 2.8 VDC max. beep if resistance is smaller than 30 W, measurement voltage 2.8 VDC max.
Transistor test range: hFE 0 - 1000 Base current : approx. 1000 mA VCE (UCE) : 2.8 V max. Frequency 20 kHz 200 kHz 2 MHz 20 MHz ±(0.1%+ 2dgts) -- " -- ---- ---- -- " -- ---- ---- -- " -- ---- ---- : > 50 mVrms : 250 VDC/VACrms 1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz
AC voltage
Input sensitivity Max. input voltage
Maximal input parameters, overload protection 100 nA 1mA 10 mA 1 mA 100 nA 1 mA 10 mA 1 mA 0.01 W 0.1 W 1 W 10 W 100 W 1 kW < 1.2 V 2 MW approx.5s 20 MW approx.15s Voltage measurement ....................: 1000 VDC or 750 VAC Current measurement ....................: 20 A AC/DC in the A-range, for 30 s max. and a subsequent cooling phase of at least 15 min., 250 VDC/VACrms max., overload protection: super fast-blow 15 A 250 V fuse (dims.: 6 x 30 mm) 200mA AC/DC in the mA-range, 250 VDC/VACrms max., Overload protection: fastblow 0.8 A 250 V fuse (dims.: 5 x 20 mm) Resistance measurement ..............: 20 MW, overload protection : 250 VDC/AC Frequency measurement ...............: 20 MHz, with input voltage 250 VDC/VACrms max. Logic measurement .......................: 20 VDC max., overload protection 250 VDC/AC
DC current
2 mA 20 mA 200 mA 20 A 2 mA 20 mA 200 mA 20 A 200 W 2 kW 20 kW 200 kW 2 MW 20 MW
AC current
Resistance
Measurement voltage with measurement circuit open: Display stabilizing time:
Important! The measurement functions transistor test and diode test/continuity check are not protected against overload or excess voltage(s). Exceeding the max. permissible input parameters may result in damage to the measuring device and/or is a potentially lethal hazard to the user.
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F
Ce mode d'emploi fait partie du produit. Il contient des indications importantes sur les modalités de fonctionnement et d'utilisation. Assurez-vous que les instructions sont suivies, également lorsque l'appareil est utilisé par des tiers. Pour utiliser cet appareil, il est nécessaire de disposer de connaissances élémentaires sur les appareils de mesure et sur les ordinateurs. Conservez soigneusement ce mode d'emploi pour pouvoir le relire. La table des matières de la page 328 indique à quelle page sont traités les différents sujets abordés par cette notice.
Illustration (page dépliante)
Description des organes 1. Marche/arrêt = Power Ce bouton-poussoir commande la mise en marche et l'extinction de l'appareil. Le multimètre numérique est prêt à l'emploi aussitôt après la mise en marche. 2. Bouton poussoir 2a ,,FUNC" pour les fonctions spéciales, 2b ,,SET/R" pour programmer ou initialiser les fonctions spéciales, 2c et d ,,UP" et ,,DOWN" pour le réglage des fonctions spéciales 3. Support de transisor: Ce support est utilisé pour la mesure du paramètre hFE de transistors pour petits signaux 4. Poussoirs 4a ,,RANGE" pour le choix du calibre de mesure et 4b ,,FUNCTION" pour le choix du mode de fonctionnement (mesure de tension = voltmètre, mesure de courant = ampèremètre, etc) 5. Borne 20 A Cette entrée de mesure est munie d'un fusible de15 A et permet de mesurer des courants continus et alternatifs jusqu'à 20 A (durant 30 s ou moins, avec un intervalle de 15 minutes entre deux mesures) 6. Borne mA Cette borne permet de mesurer des courants continus et alternatifs jusqu'à 200 mA (entrée protégée par un fusible rapide de 800 mA) 7. Borne COM () (borne commune ou négative) 8. Borne V/Ohm (+) (= borne positive) 9. Afficheur polyvalent éclairé par transparence (quatre chiffres et demi ; plus grande valeur affichable: 19999) avec trois afficheurs auxiliaires à quatre chiffres 10. Bargraphe analogique 11. Segment de bargraphe 12. Indicateur de dépassement de capacité (overload) ,,OL" Quand ,,OL" apparaît sur l'afficheur en même temps qu'un signal sonore, c'est l'indication d'un dépassement de capacité (pas de signal sonore en mode ohmmètre) Attention! Respectez les valeurs limites pour les grandeurs d'entrée. 13. Fiche pour le cordon d'alimentation avec porte-fusible incorporé au sélecteur de tension d'alimentation 14. Porte-fusible de protection de l'entrée de mesure de courant mA 15. Porte-fusible de protection de l'entrée de mesure de courant A 16. Interface RS-232 pour la connexion d'un micro-ordinateur Remarque: Les autres indications données par l'afficheur sont décrites dans les paragraphes de la fonction correspondante.
Introduction
Cher client, vous possédez désormais un multimètre True-RMS (= mesure de la valeur efficace vraie) de table de conception moderne. Il offre, en plus des fonctions habituelles, certaines fonctions spéciales qui faciliteront bien des mesures: Data Hold, pour geler l'affichage des valeurs mesurées, Auto Hold pour mémoriser automatiquement les valeurs minimales et maximales mesurées ainsi que les moyennes, mesure relative dix mémoires de mesure mesure comparative. Les grandeurs alternatives sont mesurées en valeurs efficaces vraies (true rms) et affichées comme telles. L'appareil est contruit en conformité avec la classe de protection I conformément aux normes VDE 0411 = EN 61010 et VDE 0551 = EN 60742. La conformité de l'appareil aux directives européennes et nationales de compatibilité électromagnétique a également été vérifiée. Les déclarations relatives sont déposées chez les fabricants. Afin de garantir cet état de conformité, l'utilisateur doit lui-même se conformer strictement à toutes les instructions du mode d'emploi. Pour toutes questions, vous pouvez vous adresser à notre service téléphonique Tel. 0180 / 531 21 19 du lundi au vendredi de 8 h à 18 h
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Usage normal
L'usage normal du multimètre permet: - la mesure de tensions continues jusqu'à 1000 VDC sur 5 calibres - la mesure de tensions alternatives jusqu'à 750 VAC sur 5 calibres - la mesure de courants continus et alternatifs jusqu'à 20 A pendant 30 secondes d'affilée (sans fusible) sur 4 calibres - la mesure de résistances jusqu'à 40 Mohms sur 6 calibres - le test de continuité, la vérification de diodes et de transistors, le test logique et la mesure de fréquences jusqu'à 20 MHz (19,999) Il est interdit de procéder à des mesures dans de mauvaises conditions, comme par exemple: · en présence d'humidité, · en présence de gaz, de vapeurs ou de liquides inflammables, · en cas d'orage ou en présence de champs électrostatiques puissants etc. Toute utilisation différente des modalités décrites ici risque d'endommager l'appareil et met l'utilisateur en danger (risque de court-circuit, d'incendie, de choc électrique etc). Il est interdit de modifier le produit de quelque manière que ce soit. Il faut impérativement se conformer aux prescriptions de sécurité.
Prescriptions de sécurité
· Cet appareil de mesure ne doit être utilisé que dans des circuits électriques eux-mêmes protégés par un fusible de 16 A et dans lesquels il n'apparaît jamais de tension supérieure à 250 VDC/VACrms, et où la puissance développée ne peut jamais excéder 4000 VA. Cet appareil ne doit jamais être utilisé dans des installations de la catégorie de surtension III selon IEC664. L'appareil de mesure et les cordons de mesure ne sont pas protégés contre les arcs électriques (IEC 10102-031, paragraphe 13.101). · Tenir les appareils de mesure hors de portée des enfants! · Dans le cadre d'activités à caractère commercial, l'usage du multimètre ne peut se faire qu'en conformité avec la réglementation professionnelle en vigueur pour l'outillage et les installations électriques des corps de métiers concernés. · IDans les écoles et les centres de formation ainsi que dans les ateliers collectifs, l'utilisation d'appareils de mesure doit se faire sous la surveillance et la responsabilité de personnel qualifié. · L'appareil de mesure est un multimètre de table construit en classe de sécurité 1. Il est muni d'un cordon d'alimentation agréé VDEavec fil de mise à la terre. De ce fait, l'appareil ne peut être utilisé que sur un réseau de distribution électrique de 230 V doté d'une prise de terre. Il faut s'assurer de la continuité de la liaison de mise à la terre (fil vert/jaune), aussi bien dans l'appareil qu'en dehors. Une interruption de cette liaison représente un danger mortel. Il faut vérifier le bon état de l'isolation. · Avant chaque mise en service de l'appareil de mesure, il convient de vérifier la position du sélecteur de tension d'alimentation à l'arrière de l'appareil. Assurezvous du bon choix de la tension d'alimentation de l'endroit où vous souhaitez utiliser l'appareil. En Europe, la tension de service est normalement de 230 V. Vérifiez la présence du fusible correspondant: 0,25A rapide, 250 V. · Il faut faire preuve d'une grande prudence en présence de tensions alternatives supérieures à 25 V (AC) ou de tensions continues de plus de 35 V (DC). Ce sont des valeurs suffisantes pour causer un choc électrique en cas de contact avec des parties conductrices. Commencez donc par mettre hors tension la source de tension, puis reliez l'appareil de mesure aux bornes de la source de tension à mesurer, réglez sur l'appareil de mesure le calibre approprié et enfin mettez la source de tension en service. Une fois la mesure terminée, vous couperez la source de tension, et vous déconnecterez les cordons de mesure des bornes de la source de tension. · Avant toute mesure de tension, il faut vérifier que le sélecteur de fonctions de mesure de l'appareil de mesure ne se trouve pas en position d'ampèremètre. · Avant de procéder à un changement de calibre, il faut déconnecter les cordons et les sondes de mesure du circuit à mesurer.
Table des matières
Page Introduction ............................................................................................................. 26 Usage normal .......................................................................................................... 28 Table des matières .................................................................................................. 28 Organes de commande (page dépliante) .................................................................. 3 Prescriptions de sécurité ........................................................................................ 29 Utilisation du multimètre et changement de fusible ................................................ 31 Mesurer ................................................................................................................... 38 Destruction............................................................................................................... 46 Remédier aux défauts ............................................................................................. 46 Entretien et calibrage .............................................................................................. 47 Caractéristiques techniques et tolérances ............................................................. 48 28
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· Avant de procéder à quelque mesure que ce soit, vérifier le bon état de l'appareil et des cordons et des sondes de mesure. · Pour mesurer, vous n'utiliserez rien d'autre que les cordons de mesure fournis avec l'appareil. · Pour éviter tout risque de choc électrique, il faudra empêcher tout contact direct ou indirect autant avec les sondes de mesure qu'avec les points de mesure (bornes, connexions). · Ne pas dépasser la limite de tension de 500 VDC/VACrms entre la borne de mesure "V/Ohm" de l'appareil de mesure et la terre. · N'utilisez pas cet appareil dans de mauvaises conditions météorologiques ou en présence de gaz ou de poussières inflammables. Pour votre propre sécurité, l'appareil et ses cordons de mesure ne doivent jamais être humides ni a fortiori mouillés. N'utilisez pas l'appareil à proximité immédiate de champs magnétiques puissants (haut-parleurs, aimants) de champs électro-magnétiques (transformateurs, moteurs, bobines, relais, électro-aimants etc) de champs électro-statiques (charges/décharges) d'antennes d'émission ou de générateurs HF. · Aussitôt qu'il apparaît que l'appareil ne peut plus être utilisé sans danger, il convient de le mettre hors service et de prendre toutes les mesures adéquates pour empêcher une remise en service accidentelle. Il faut considérer que les conditions normales d'utilisation ne sont plus réunies - quand l'appareil est visiblement endommagé, - quand l'appareil ne fonctionne plus et - quand l'appareil a été stocké longtemps dans de mauvaises conditions et enfin quand l'appareil a subi de mauvaises conditions de transport. · Ne mettez pas l'appareil sous tension lorsqu'il vient d'être soumis à un changement de température important, par exemple immédiatement après le passage d'un local non chauffé à un local chauffé. La condensation qui en résulterait pourrait, dans certaines conditions, provoquer la destruction de l'appareil. Laissez l'appareil hors service pour qu'il atteigne progressivement la température ambiante.
Utilisation du multimètre
a) Mise en place du cordon d'alimentation par le secteur Pour que votre multimètre fonctionne correctement, il faut le relier à l'aide du cordon d'alimentation fourni à une prise électrique du réseau 230 V munie elle-même d'une mise à la terre. Vérifiez de temps en temps le bon état du cordon d'alimentation. Assurez-vous que le cordon est bien enfiché, aussi bien à l'arrière du multimètre que dans la prise électrique.
Attention! Ne mettez jamais en service le multimètre quand il est ouvert, ni si le cordon ou le coffret sont endommagés, ni si les cordons de mesure sont usés! Danger de mort!
b) Changement de fusible
Attention! Il ne faut utiliser que des fusibles de même type (lent = T ou rapide = F) et de même capacité que le fusible remplacé. Il est interdit de réparer des fusibles ou de bricoler le porte-fusible.
Avant de remplacer le fusible des entrées de courant ou le fusible de l'alimentation par le secteur, il faut d'abord déconnecter l'appareil du circuit de mesure et le mettre hors fonction. Déconnectez le cordon d'alimentation et tous les cordons de mesure. Munissez-vous d'un tournevis cruciforme de taille appropriée pour dévisser le portefusible concerné, en tournant délicatement dans le sens horaire. Extrayez le fusible défectueux et remplacez-le par un fusible neuf du même type: un fusible 0,8 A rapide (= F), 250 V, qui porte la mention F 0,8 A / 250 V ou F 800mA/250 V, ou, pour l'entrée A, un fusible 15 A très rapide, 250 V, qui porte la mention FF15 A/ 250 V. Une fois le fusible mis en place, remontez le porte-fusible en le tournant délictaement dans le sens anti-horaire et serrez sans forcer. Pour remplacer le fusible de l'alimentation par le secteur, il faut un petit tournevis à lame. Soulever le capot du compartiment porte-fusible pour l'extraire de la fiche du cordon d'alimentation par le secteur. Extrayez le fusible défectueux et remplacez-le par un fusible neuf du même type. Ne remettez l'appareil en service qu'une fois que le porte-fusible aura été entièrement refermé.
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c) Connexion des cordons de mesure Pour mesurer, n'utilisez jamais autre chose que les cordons de mesure fournis avec l'appareil. Avant de les connecter, vérifiez à chaque fois le bon état des fiches et des pointes de mesure, ainsi que le bon état de l'isolant. Ces cordons sont conçus pour supporter des tensions jusqu'à 1000 V. Votre appareil de mesure, le MXD 4660A est conçu pour supporter des tension jusqu'à 1000 VDC et 750 VACrms. Soyez particulièrement prudents dès que la valeur des tensions excède 25 V alternatifs ou 35 V continus.
est active. Si vous appuyez une nouvelle fois sur le bouton SET/R, vous revenez au réglage initial. Pour les fonctions REL, MEM, RCL et CMP il faut solliciter plusieurs fois le bouton SET/R pour revenir au réglage initial. Il existe également, pour quitter les fonctions spéciales, la possivilité soit de solliciter une fois le bouton FUNC ou POWER (non sans respecter les prescriptions de sécurité!) ou d'actionner le sélecteur rotatif de calibre. UP / DOWN Appuyez sur l'un de ces boutons, pour fixer la valeur de référence dans les modes REL ou CMP, ou encore pour accéder à la mémoire de mesure souhaitée dans les modes MEM ou RCL (Recall Memory). e) Support et bornes e1 Support de test de hFE de transistor) Le support de transistor à huit broches porte des inscriptions symétriques. Introduisez les broches (hors potentiel) du transistor à tester dans le support en respectant les indications: (B) Base, (E) Émetteur et (C) Collecteur. Le brochage du transistor à tester pourra être recherché dans un recueil de caractéristiques. e 2 Pavés ,,FUNCTION" et ,,RANGE"
Attention! Ne dépassez jamais les valeurs limites indiquées pour les grandeurs d'entrée, au risque de détruire l'appareil et de mettre votre vie en danger.
d) Mise en service d 1 Réglages initiaux Appuyez sur le bouton ,,POWER". Pour activer un mode de mesure, appuyez sur l'un des boutons de la rangée ,,FUNCTION". Dès lors vous pourrez procéder à des mesures ,,normales", c'est-à-dire sans fonctions spéciales, avec néanmoins, selon le mode de mesure choisi, des indications accessoires fournies par les afficheurs auxiliaires. Pour activer une des fonctions spéciales, appuyez sur le bouton ,,FUNC". Chaque fois que vous appuyez sur ce bouton, vous faites défiler une nouvelle fonction sur l'afficheur principal. Si vous souhaitez quitter ce menu, appuyez deux fois sur le bouton Set/Reset: la première fois que vous appuyez vous choisissez la fonction spéciale, la deuxième fois vous la supprimez (selon la fonction spéciale choisie). d 2 Boutons FUNC (= Function) Si vous appuyez sur ce bouton, vous avez accès aux fonctions spéciales. A la suite de quoi les symboles suivants apparaissent sur l'afficheur: D-H -> A-H -> REL -> MEM -> RCL-> CMP SET/R (= Set / Reset) Pour activer une fonction spéciale, c'est-à-dire pour la mettre en service, appuyez une fois sur ce bouton. Si vous appuyez une nouvelle fois sur ce bouton pour la fonction D-H (laisser le doigt sur le bouton jusqu'au signal sonore), vous revenez au réglage initial. Pour la fonction spéciale A-H (MIN-MAX et AVG) le symbole A-H apparaît. Si vous appuyez une fois sur le bouton SET/R, le symbole A-H cesse de clignoter, la fonction 32
Attention! Il ne faut pas changer de réglage tant que l'appareil est connecté à un circuit de mesure, au risque d'endommager le multimètre ou de mettre en danger la vie de l'utilisateur en présence de tensions supérieures à 25 VACrms ou 35 VDC.
,,FUNCTION": De gauche à droite, les modes de mesure peuvent être obtenus tour à tour en appuyant sur ce bouton (les boutons se verrouillent mutuellement): DC V AC V OHM DCA ACA hFE FREQ LOGIC = voltmètre pour tensions continues (5 calibres) = voltmètre pour tensions alternatives (5 calibres) = ohmmètre (6 calibres ; commutateur 10 pour 20 Mohms) = ampèremètre pour courants continus (5 calibres ,,2 à 10") = ampèremètre pour courants alternatifs (5 calibres ,,2 à 10") = test de diode et test de continuité (1 calibre) = mesure du paramètre hFE de transistors = fréquencemètre (sélection automatique de calibre, pas de possibilité de sélection manuelle) = testeur logique pour circuits numériques, TTL ou CMOS 33
,,RANGE": De gauche à droite, les différents calibres de mesure obtenus en sollicitant ce bouton (les boutons se verrouillent mutuellement): 200 2 20 200 2000 20 mV·ohms = 200 mV max. ou ohms V·mA·kohms = 2 V max. ou 2 mA ou 2 kohms V·mA·kohms = 20 V max. ou 20 mA ou 20 kohms V·mA·kohms = 200 V max. ou 200 mA ou 200 kohms V·kohms = 1000 VDC max. ou 750 VACrms ou 2000 kohms V·Mohms = 20 A max. ou 20 Mohms
f 2 Bargraphe analogique Le bargraphe analogique est composé de 43 segments. Son temps de réponse aux variations rapides est plus court que celui de l'afficheur numérique, ce qui permet d'apprécier immédiatement le comportement du signal mesuré, comme c'est le cas avec un multimètre analogique, sans toutefois les inconvénients liés à l'inertie de l'équipage mobile (= aiguille). En cas de dépassement du calibre de mesure, l'indication ,,OL", pour overload = dépassement, apparaît sur l'afficheur qui clignote tandis qu'un signal sonore retentit (pas de signal sonore en mode ohmmètre ni en mode de test de diode). f 3 Data Hold ,,D-H" En mode D-H, au moment où l'on appuie sur le bouton SET/R, la valeur de mesure est gelée dans l'afficheur secondaire du milieu. Si vous souhaitez quitter cette fonction spéciale, appuyez une seconde fois un peu plus longuement sur le bouton SET/R ou sur le bouton FUNC ; aussitôt vous revenez au réglage initial. f 4 Auto Hold A-H Cette fonction spéciale a pour effet de garder en mémoire les valeurs de mesure minimum et maximum. Le rafraîchissement de ces valeurs est automatique. La valeur MIN est donnée par l'afficheur auxiliaire de gauche, et la valeur MAX par l'afficheur auxiliaire de droite. Sur l'afficheur du milieu apparaît la valeur moyenne (average = AVG). Cette valeur est remise à jour automatiquement. Pour activer cette fonction spéciale, sollicitez le bouton FUNC jusqu'à ce que le symbole ,,A-H" clignote. Puis sollicitez le bouton SET/R une seule fois. Le symbole A-H ne clignote plus, la mesure peut comme