Text preview for : CircuitD.pdf part of nokia 445T PAUL2000



Back to : NOKIA MONITORS-445T.part1 | Home

&LUFXLW 'HVFULSWLRQ
&KDVVLV 7

µ &RORU 0RQLWRU

&LUFXLW 'HVFULSWLRQ &LUFXLW 'LDJUDPV

:KHQ UHRUGHULQJ PDQXDOV SOHDVH TXRWH WKH PRGHO QDPH DQG SDUW QXPEHU

=%




7

,QWURGXFWLRQ
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV %ORFN GLDJUDP 3RZHU VXSSO\ 'HIOHFWLRQ GULYHU +LJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU 9HUWLFDO RXWSXW VWDJH /LQH RXWSXW VWDJH %ODQNLQJ FLUFXLW ''& 7KH PLFURSURFHVVRU 9LGHR DPSOLILHU

3RZHU VXSSO\
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV 7KH VWDUWXS 6\QFKURQL]LQJ 9ROWDJH UHJXODWLRQ 6ORSH FRPSHQVDWLQJ 2YHU FXUUHQW PRQLWRULQJ 3ULPDU\ FXUUHQW OLPLWHU 6HFRQGDU\ FXUUHQW OLPLWHU 89/2VLJQDO

3RZHU 6DYH IXQFWLRQ 'HIOHFWLRQ GULYHU
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV %ORFN GLDJUDP /LQH IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV )LHOG IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV 3URWHFWLRQ IXQFWLRQV )XQFWLRQ LQ DQ RSHUDWLRQDO VZLWFKLQJ 6XSSO\ YROWDJH 6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ )RUFHG FRQWURO RI PD[LPXP PLQLPXP IUHTXHQF\ +GULYH RXWSXW 3KDVH DGMXVWPHQW )UHTXHQF\ FKDQJH EHKDYLRXU 9HUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ FRQWURO

:LGWK FRQWURO FLUFXLW
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV )XQFWLRQ :LGWK FRQWURO (: DQG WUDSH]LXP FRUUHFWLRQ &XUUHQW EORFN

+LJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU
*HQHUDO 7KH IXQFWLRQ +7GULYHU 5HJXODWLRQ &XUUHQW OLPLWHU 6WDUWXS VHTXHQFH
7

*YROWDJH JHQHUDWLQJ VWDJH ;UD\ SURWHFWLRQ

9HUWLFDO RXWSXW VWDJH 7KH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH
*HQHUDO 7KH IXQFWLRQ /LQHDULW\ FRUUHFWLRQ )UDPH FHQWHULQJ

%ODQNLQJ FLUFXLW 2WKHU IXQFWLRQV
%HDP FXUUHQW OLPLWHU FLUFXLW 7&2FRPSHQVDWLQJ FLUFXLW 5HVHWFLUFXLW &ODPS SXOVH JHQHUDWLQJ '\QDPLF FRQYHUJHQFH 0RLUp DGMXVWPHQW 'HPDJQHWL]DWLRQ FLUFXLW 7LOW

''&
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV ''& OHYHOV 2SHUDWLRQDO ''& VZLWFKLQJ

7KH SURFHVVRU
6\QF SXOVH VKDSLQJ 0HQX VHOHFWLRQ ZKHHO 2WKHU SURFHVVRU FLUFXLWV

9LGHR DPSOLILHU 60<60+
60< ,QSXW FRQQHFWLRQ VHOHFWLRQ 260 VXPPLQJ 260 FLUFXLW 3UHDPSOLILHU %XIIHU VWDJH 2XWSXW VWDJH %ODFN OHYHO FODPS DQG DGMXVWPHQW FLUFXLW %ULJKWQHVV DGMXVWPHQW FLUFXLW '$& FLUFXLW :KLWH VSRW VXSSUHVVLRQ



7

,QWURGXFWLRQ
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV
7KLV GHYLFH LV DQ DXWRV\QF W\SH PLFURSURFHVVRU FRQWUROOHG µ PRQLWRU ,W KDV D OLQH IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH RI « N+] DQG YHUWLFDO IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH RI « +] ZLWK D PD[LPXP UHVROXWLRQ RI [ 7KH PRQLWRU KDV EHHQ GHVLJQHG WR RSHUDWH ZLWK VHSDUDWH 77/OHYHO KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO V\QF SXOVHV + DQG 9V\QF FRPSRVLWH V\QF DQG V\QF RQ JUHHQ V\QF SXOVHV 7KH PRQLWRU RSHUDWHV ZLWK D PDLQV YROWDJH UDQJH RI «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·V PHPRU\ IRU VXEVHTXHQW XVH 7KH PRQLWRU GRHV QRW KDYH D PDLQV VZLWFK WR GLVFRQQHFW WKH VXSSO\ YROWDJH 7KH SRZHU VZLWFK LQ WKH IURQW SDQHO VZLWFKHV RII WKH PRQLWRU·V SRZHU VXSSO\ DW ZKLFK WLPH DOO VHFRQGDU\ YROWDJHV GHFUHDVH EXW SULPDU\ ILOWHU FDSDFLWRUV & DQG & DUH VWLOO FRQQHFWHG WR PDLQV YROWDJH

7



%ORFN GLDJUDP
7KH PRQLWRU SRZHU VXSSO\ DQG GHIOHFWLRQ SDUW EORFN GLDJUDP LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ SLFWXUH ,W FRQWDLQV WKH IROORZLQJ RSHUDWLQJ EORFNV

SLFWXUH



7

3RZHU VXSSO\
7KH SRZHU VXSSO\ JHQHUDWHV WKH YROWDJHV QHHGHG E\ WKH PRQLWRU ,W FRQWDLQV DOVR WKH 9(6$ 3RZHU 6DYH DQG SLFWXUH WXEH GHPDJQHWL]DWLRQ IXQFWLRQV 7KH RSHUDWLRQ IUHTXHQF\ LV V\QFKURQL]HG WR KRUL]RQWDO GHIOHFWLRQ IUHTXHQF\

'HIOHFWLRQ GULYHU
,Q YLHZ RI WKH LQFRPLQJ V\QF SXOVH WKH GHIOHFWLRQ GULYHU JHQHUDWHV D FRUUHFWO\ WLPHG FRQWURO VLJQDO WR WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH 7KH GULYHU PRQLWRUV WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH IXQFWLRQ )B/,0,7 ,W FRQWUROV DOVR WKH YHUWLFDO RXWSXW VWDJH DQG JHQHUDWHV YHUWLFDO IUHTXHQF\ SLFWXUH JHRPHWU\ FRUUHFWLRQ YROWDJHV DV ZHOO DV WKH YHUWLFDO IUHTXHQF\ FRQWURO YROWDJH IRU WKH G\QDPLF IRFXV 7KH GULYHU FRQWUROV WKH KLJK YROWDJH DQG WKH VFUHHQ EODQNLQJ GXULQJ D PRGH FKDQJH VLWXDWLRQ

+LJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU
*HQHUDWHV D UHJXODWHG N9 KLJK YROWDJH DV ZHOO DV D IRFXV DQG *YROWDJH 6\QFKURQL]HV WKH SRZHU VXSSO\

9HUWLFDO RXWSXW VWDJH
*HQHUDWHV SURSHU FXUUHQW IRU WKH YHUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ FRLO

/LQH RXWSXW VWDJH
*HQHUDWHV WKH FXUUHQW QHHGHG E\ WKH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ FRLO WKH '&FXUUHQW IRU WKH IUDPH FHQWHULQJ DV ZHOO DV WKH OLQHDULW\ DQG 6FRUUHFWLRQ 7KH OLQH IO\EDFN SXOVH )%3 JHQHUDWHG E\ WKH VWDJH LV XVHG WR FRQWURO WKH KLJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU DQG WKH GHIOHFWLRQ GULYHU DQG WR JHQHUDWH WKH KRUL]RQWDO EODQNLQJ SXOVH

%ODQNLQJ FLUFXLW
*HQHUDWHV WKH YHUWLFDO DQG KRUL]RQWDO IO\EDFN SXOVHV DQG FRQWUROV WKH SLFWXUH EODQNLQJ DQG QDUURZLQJ LQ PRGH FKDQJH VLWXDWLRQV :KHQ WKH PRQLWRU LV VZLWFKHG RII WKH FLUFXLW SUHYHQWV WKH DSSHDULQJ RI ZKLWH VSRW

2WKHU IXQFWLRQV
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p DGMXVWPHQW FLUFXLW XVHG WR GHFUHDVH WKH 0RLUp LQ WKH SLFWXUH IUDPH 7KH GHPDJQHWL]DWLRQ FLUFXLW XVHG WR UHPRYH WKH PDJQHWLVP IURP WKH PHWDO FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH PRQLWRU

''&
7KH 'LVSOD\ 'DWD &KDQQHO RU ''& LV D WZRZD\ GDWD WUDQVIHU FKDQQHO EHWZHHQ WKH PRQLWRU DQG WKH FRPSXWHU ,W FDQ EH XVHG IRU LQVWDQFH WR WUDQVIHU GDWD DERXW WKH PRQLWRU SURSHUWLHV DV WKH PD[LPXP UHIUHVKPHQW IUHTXHQF\ LQ RUGHU IRU WKH FRPSXWHU WR DXWRPDWLFDOO\ WDNH DGYDQWDJH RI WKH PRQLWRU·V SHUIRUPDQFH OHYHO

7KH PLFURSURFHVVRU
&RQWUROV DOO WKH PRQLWRU IXQFWLRQV DFFRUGLQJ WKH KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO IUHTXHQF\ DV ZHOO DV WKH XVHU·V FRPPDQGV

9LGHR DPSOLILHU
$PSOLILHV WKH DSSUR[ 9 5*%VLJQDOV FRPLQJ IURP WKH YLGHR FDUG WKURXJK WKH VLJQDO FDEOH WR DSSUR[ 9 FRQWURO SXOVHV VXLWDEOH IRU WKH SLFWXUH WXEH 7

3RZHU VXSSO\
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV
7KH YROWDJH VXSSO\ LV D VHFRQGDU\ UHJXODWHG FXUUHQWVKDSHG FRQWLQXRXVQRQFRQWLQXRXV )O\ EDFN)RUZDUG W\SH VZLWFK PRGH SRZHU VXSSO\ ZLWK DQ RSHUDWLQJ YROWDJH UDQJH RI « 9$& 7KH UHJXODWLRQ IURP WKH VHFRQGDU\ LV UHDOL]HG ZLWK DQ RSWR LVRODWRU 7KH RSHUDWLQJ IUHTXHQF\ VZLWFK PRGH IUHTXHQF\ LV « N+] DQG LV V\QFKURQL]HG WR OLQH IUHTXHQF\ 7KH SRZHU VXSSO\ RSHUDWHV RQ D QRQFRQWLQXRXV IXQFWLRQ PRGH ZLWK ORZ SULPDU\ FXUUHQWV DQG VKLIWV WR FRQWLQXRXV PRGH ZKHQ WKH ORDG LV LQFUHDVLQJ 7KH YROWDJH VXSSO\ LV EDVHG RQ WKH 6*67KRPVRQ ,& FLUFXLW / FXUUHQW PRGH 3:0 7KH FLUFXLW EORFN GLDJUDP LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ SLFWXUH

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

7KH VWDUWXS
7KH PDLQV YROWDJH LV UHFWLILHG ZLWK GLRGHV '«' DQG ILOWHUHG ZLWK FDSDFLWRUV & DQG & $IWHU WKH SRZHU VZLWFK KDV EHHQ SUHVVHG GRZQ 7 JHWV EDVH FXUUHQW WKURXJK UHVLVWRUV 5 DQG VWDUWV WR OHDG $V D UHVXOW & VWDUWV WR FKDUJH DQG WKH YROWDJH LQ SRLQW ,& LQFUHDVHV :KHQ & YROWDJH KDV LQFUHDVHG WR 9 WKH ,& XQGHU YROWDJH ORFNRXW OHWV WKH FLUFXLW VWDUW XS 6LPXOWDQHRXVO\ WKH 7

RVFLOODWRU VWDUWV WR RSHUDWH DQG 7 JRHV OHDGLQJ 7KH VRIW VWDUW FDSDFLWRU & VWDUWV DOVR WR FKDUJH ZLWK FRQVWDQW X$ FXUUHQW 7KH FXUUHQW WKURXJK PDLQV WUDQVIRUPHU 0 SULPDU\ FRLO SLQV DQG DQG 7 LQFUHDVHV XQWLO WKH YROWDJH ORVV RYHU FXUUHQW VHQVH UHVLVWRUV 5 LV HTXDO WR WKH VRIW VWDUW FDSDFLWRU & YROWDJH ZKLFK OLPLWV WKH RXWSXW YROWDJH RI WKH LQWHUQDO FXUUHQW VHQVH FRPSDUDWRU ($ LQ WKH EORFN GLDJUDP $W WKDW SRLQW WKH FXUUHQW VHQVH FRPSDUDWRU VHWV 7 WR RII PRGH DQG WKH HQHUJ\ VWRUHG LQ WKH SULPDU\ FRLO LV WUDQVIHUUHG WR VHFRQGDU\ FRLOV DQG IRUZDUGHG WR WKH VHFRQGDU\ FDSDFLWRUV WKURXJK WKH VHFRQGDU\ GLRGHV $W WKDW SRLQW ,& RVFLOODWRU GLUHFWV 7 WR OHDG HWF 7KH VRIW VWDUW FDSDFLWRU YROWDJH LV FRQWLQXRXVO\ LQFUHDVLQJ VR WKH SXOVH UDWLR LV DOVR LQFUHDVLQJ DQG WKH FXUUHQW WKURXJK WKH SULPDU\ FRLO LQFUHDVHV ZLWK HYHU\ VHTXHQFH 6LQFH WKH SXOVH UDWLR LV YHU\ ORZ DW WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH VWDUWXS WKH VHFRQGDU\ YROWDJHV LQFUHDVH VORZO\ :KHQ WKH VRIW VWDUW FDSDFLWRU LV FKDUJHG WR LWV PD[LPXP WKH VRIW VWDUW FLUFXLW ZLOO QRW OLPLW WKH SRZHU VXSSO\ IXQFWLRQ ,& RVFLOODWRU UHGLUHFWV 7 WR OHDG HWF 7KLV LV UHSHDWHG DV ORQJ DV WKH VHFRQGDU\ FDSDFLWRUV KDYH EHHQ FKDUJHG WR WKH SURSHU YROWDJH OHYHO $W WKDW WLPH WKH IHHGEDFN IURP WKH VHFRQGDU\ VWDUWV WR FRQWURO WKH ,& GLIIHUHQWLDO DPSOLILHU ZKLFK LV VWLOO LQ FRQWURO RI WKH SULPDU\ FXUUHQW WKURXJK 7 H[SODLQHG LQ YROWDJH UHJXODWLRQ :KHQ ,& 9UHI YROWDJH KDV LQFUHDVHG 9 7 VWRSV OHDGLQJ 6LPXOWDQHRXVO\ 7 VWDUWV WR OHDG DQG VZLWFKHV DGGLWLRQDO HQHUJ\ WR WKH FLUFXLW WKURXJK DX[LOLDU\ FRLO 0 :KHQ WKH FLUFXLW UXQV LQ QRUPDO PRGH ' DQRGH KDV D KLJKHU SRWHQWLDO WKDQ '·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

6\QFKURQL]LQJ
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

7



9ROWDJH UHJXODWLRQ
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·V DQG 5 FXUUHQW LV GHFUHDVLQJ DQG ,& GLIIHUHQWLDO DPSOLILHU QHJDWLYH LQSXW YROWDJH LV ULVLQJ DQG WKH GLIIHUHQWLDO DPSOLILHU RXWSXW YROWDJH LV GHFUHDVLQJ 7KH GLIIHUHQWLDO DPSOLILHU RXWSXW YROWDJH IXQFWLRQV DV WKH UHIHUHQFH YROWDJH RI WKH FXUUHQW VHQVH FRPSDUDWRU DW ZKLFK WLPH WKH FRPSDUDWRU GHFUHDVHV WKH SULPDU\ FXUUHQW WKHUHE\ UHVXOWLQJ LQ WKH GHFUHDVH RI WKH 9 VHFRQGDU\ YROWDJH

6ORSH FRPSHQVDWLQJ
6LQFH WKH SULPDU\ FXUUHQW SXOVH UDWLR FDQ EH RYHU WKH ,& FLUFXLW FRQWDLQV D VORSH FRPSHQVDWLRQ LQ RUGHU WR HQVXUH WKH VWDEOH IXQFWLRQ RI WKH SRZHU VXSSO\ LQ DOO FLUFXPVWDQFHV $ VDZ WRRWK ZDYH LV JHQHUDWHG ZLWK 5 & DQG ' IURP 7 FRQWURO 7KH ZDYH IRUP LV VXPPHG WKURXJK 5 DQG & WR WKH LQSXW YROWDJH RI WKH FXUUHQW VHQVH FRPSDUDWRU ,& 7KH DFWLYH VXP VLJQDO LQ WKH FXUUHQW VHQVH LV DOWHULQJ WKH SULPDU\ FXUUHQW VZLWFK RII YDOXH LQ RUGHU WR VWDELOL]H WKH DGMXVWPHQW ORRS



7

2YHU FXUUHQW PRQLWRULQJ
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

3ULPDU\ FXUUHQW OLPLWHU
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·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

6HFRQGDU\ FXUUHQW OLPLWHU
6LQFH WKH 9 DQG 9 VHFRQGDU\ FRLOV DUH VHULDO ERWK YROWDJHV FXUUHQW IORZV WKURXJK 5 DQG 5 ,Q DQ RYHUORDG VLWXDWLRQ WKH YROWDJH ORVV RI WKHVH UHVLVWRUV LQFUHDVHV RYHU 9 DW ZKLFK WLPH 7 VWDUWV WR OHDG DQG JLYH H[WUD FXUUHQW WR WKH IHHGEDFN YROWDJH GDWD WKURXJK 5 $W WKDW SRLQW UHJXODWRU ,& JULG YROWDJH LQFUHDVHV DQG GXH WR IHHGEDFN WKH SRZHU VXSSO\ RXWSXW YROWDJHV GHFUHDVH DV ZHOO 7KH ORZHU VHFRQGDU\ YROWDJHV DUH SURWHFWHG IURP RYHUORDG ZLWK D QRQIODPPDEOH UHVLVWRU RU IXVH

7



89/2VLJQDO
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

:KHQ WKH 89/2VLJQDO JRHV GRZQ 7 HPLWWHU FRQQHFWV WR WKH JURXQG 6LPXOWDQHRXVO\ & SRVLWLYH HQG FRQQHFWV WR WKH JURXQG UHVXOWLQJ WR D QHJDWLYH EODQNLQJ SXOVH RQ WKH *OLQH SUHYHQWLQJ D ZKLWH VSRW IURP DSSHDULQJ ZKHQ WKH PRQLWRU LV VKXW GRZQ

:LGWK GULYHU ,& FRQQHFWV DOVR WR WKH JURXQG WKURXJK 7 DQG ' UHVXOWLQJ WR WKH GLVFRQQHFWLRQ RI WKH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ VWDJH SRZHU IHHG 'HIOHFWLRQ GULYHU ,& VWLOO JHWV VXSSO\ YROWDJH 9 LV GHFUHDVLQJ EXW LV VWLOO KLJK HQRXJK IRU WKH GULYHU WR IXQFWLRQ DQG JLYHV DQ +GULYH VLJQDO WR WUDQVLVWRU 7 RI WKH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH 'XULQJ WKLV VHTXHQFH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH WUDQVLVWRU 7 GLVFKDUJHV WKH 6FDSDFLWRUV 7KLV SUHYHQWV WKH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ VWDJH IURP VWDUWLQJ XS ZLWK DQ H[FHVVLYHO\ KLJK VXSSO\ YROWDJH 6FDSDFLWRU YROWDJH LQ WKH QH[W VWDUWLQJ VHTXHQFH 6LQFH WKH KLJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU IXQFWLRQ LV V\QFKURQL]HG WR WKH IO\EDFN SXOVH FRPLQJ IURP WKH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH WKH JHQHUDWRU LV VKXW GRZQ VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ ZLWK WKH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ VWDJH



7

3RZHU 6DYH IXQFWLRQ
7KH PRQLWRU FDQ EH FRQWUROOHG WR YDULRXV ´9(6$ 3RZHU 6DYH 0DQDJHPHQWµVWDQGDUG SRZHU VDYH PRGHV E\ UHPRYLQJ WKH ILHOG DQGRU OLQH V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ JRLQJ WR WKH PRQLWRU 7KH SURFHVVRU PRQLWRUV WKH V\QF SXOVHV DQG SHUIRUPV WKH QHHGHG DFWLRQV 7KH SRZHU FRQVXPSWLRQ FDXVHG E\ WKH EHDP FXUUHQW LV GHFUHDVHG ZLWK FRQWUDVW DGMXVWPHQW DQG WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH ORVVHV E\ DGMXVWLQJ WKH SLFWXUH ZLGWK 7KH OHG VLWXDWHG LQ WKH XVHU SDQHO VKRZV WKH FXUUHQW SRZHU VXSSO\ PRGH 7KH WZLQ FRORUHG OHG KDV WZR DQRGHV DQG D FDWKRGH 7KH FRORUV DUH UHG DQG JUHHQ 7KH UHG·V DQRGH LV FRQQHFWHG WKURXJK ' WR 67%
7



'HIOHFWLRQ GULYHU
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV
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

%ORFN GLDJUDP
7KH 7'$ EORFN GLDJUDP LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ SLFWXUH

SLFWXUH 7KUHH VHSDUDWH RSHUDWLRQ ILHOG EORFNV FDQ EH GLVWLQJXLVKHG LQ WKH EORFN GLDJUDP WKH OLQH IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV WKH ILHOG IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV DQG WKH ,&LQWHUIDFH EORFN 7KH OLQH IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV JHQHUDWH WKH + GULYH VLJQDO WR WKH OLQH GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH 7KH ILHOG IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV JHQHUDWH D FRQWURO YROWDJH WR WKH YHUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH DV ZHOO DV WKH SLFWXUH JHRPHWU\ FRUUHFWLRQ YROWDJHV 7KH ,& EORFN LV XVHG WR FRQWURO WKH FLUFXLW IXQFWLRQV DQG LWV SDUDPHWHUV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKH FLUFXLW KDV FRPPRQ EORFNV IRU OLQH DQG ILHOG IUHTXHQF\ FRPSRQHQWV OLNH WKH EODQNLQJ EORFN DQG WKH SURWHFWLRQ EORFN RU ´VDIHW\ SURFHVVRUµ



7

/LQH IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV
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«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·V LQWHUQDO FRPSDUDWRUV WKXV UHVWRULQJ WKH +B'ULYH VLJQDO SKDVH DQG IO\EDFN SXOVHV SKDVH WR WKH DSSURSULDWH OHYHO 3KDVH ORFN LV WKHUHE\ FRPSHQVDWLQJ WKH YDULRXV GHOD\V JHQHUDWHG LQ WKH KRUL]RQWDO GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH 7KH PD[LPXP DGMXVWPHQW YDOXH LV 7KH DFWXDO +B'ULYH VLJQDO REWDLQHG IURP HLWKHU ,& RU LV WKH RXWSXW WUDQVLVWRU HPLWWHU DQG LV WKH FROOHFWRU 7KH +B'ULYH VLJQDO SXOVH UDWLR FDQ EH DGMXVWHG WKURXJK WKH ,& EXV 7KH DGMXVWPHQW UDQJH LV « ELWV :KHQ VWDUWLQJ XS WKH SXOVH UDWLR LV DXWRPDWLFDOO\ GLUHFWHG WR WKHUHE\ SUHYHQWLQJ H[WUD H[HUWLRQ WR WKH OLQH RXWSXW WUDQVLVWRU

)LHOG IUHTXHQF\ EORFNV
7KH YHUWLFDO SDUW RI WKH FLUFXLW FRQWDLQV D YHUWLFDO RVFLOODWRU ZKLFK LV V\QFKURQL]HG ZLWK YHUWLFDO SXOVHV ,& ,W JHQHUDWHV D UDPS YROWDJH XVHG WR FRQWURO WKH YHUWLFDO RXWSXW VWDJH )URP WKLV VDPH UDPS YROWDJH DUH DOVR JHQHUDWHG ZLWK PXOWLSOLHUV DQG VXPPLQJ FLUFXLWV WKH SLFWXUH JHRPHWU\ FRUUHFWLRQ VLJQDOV :KHQ JHQHUDWLQJ WKH UDPS YROWDJH WKH FLUFXLW·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

7KH RUWKRJRQDO FRUUHFWLRQ LV JHQHUDWHG E\ VXPPLQJ D YHUWLFDO UDPS DQG D SDUDEROD ZDYH 7KH UHVXOW LV XVHG WR FRQWURO WKH 3// SKDVH ORFN 7KH FRUUHFWLRQ LQWHQVLW\ FDQ EH DGMXVWHG ZLWK DQ DFFXUDF\ RI ELW 7KH SLQ FXVKLRQ EDODQFH LV REWDLQHG DV WKH RUWKRJRQDO FRUUHFWLRQ E\ DIIHFWLQJ WKH 3// IXQFWLRQ 7KH YHUWLFDO G\QDPLF IRFXV FRQWURO SDUDEROD LV JHQHUDWHG IURP WKH (: SDUDEROD ZKLFK LV REWDLQHG IURP WKH SRLQW ,& 7KH G\QDPLF IRFXV DPSOLWXGH LV DGMXVWDEOH WKURXJK WKH ,& EXV ZLWK DQ DFFXUDF\ RI ELW

3URWHFWLRQ IXQFWLRQV
7R HQVXUH WKH UHOLDEOH IXQFWLRQ RI WKH FLUFXLW·V H[WHUQDO FRQQHFWLRQV DQG WKH SURWHFWLRQ RI WKH SLFWXUH WXEH SURWHFWLRQ IXQFWLRQV KDYH EHHQ DGGHG WR WKH FLUFXLW 7KH IXQFWLRQV DUH

1. 7KH GLVFRQQHFWLRQ RI WKH YHUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH·V FRQWURO VLJQDO + 287387 ,1+,%,7$7,21
$FWLYDWHG · · · ,I WKH VXSSO\ YROWDJH LV XQGHU WKH LQWHUQDO UHIHUHQFH RI 9 ,I WKH ;5$< YROWDJH LV RYHU 9 ,& 'XULQJ WKH IO\EDFN SXOVH 7KLV WR SUHYHQW WKH YHUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH WUDQVLVWRU IURP JRLQJ OHDGLQJ GXULQJ WKH IO\EDFN SXOVH · ,& 'ULYH RQRII 2. 7KH GLVFRQQHFWLRQ RI WKH YHUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ FRQWURO VLJQDO 9 287387 ,1+,%,7$7,21 $FWLYDWHG · ,I WKH VXSSO\ YROWDJH LV XQGHU WKH LQWHUQDO UHIHUHQFH RI 9 · 'XULQJ WKH IO\EDFN SXOVH · ,& 5DPS RQRII 7KH FLUFXLW FRQWDLQV RWKHU SURWHFWLRQ IXQFWLRQV DV ZHOO ,Q WKLV YHUVLRQ RQO\ WKH SUHYLRXVO\ PHQWLRQHG DUH LQFOXGHG

)XQFWLRQ LQ DQ RSHUDWLRQDO VZLWFKLQJ
6XSSO\ YROWDJH
7KH FLUFXLW ,& VXSSO\ YROWDJH 9 LV EURXJKW WR SLQ 5 DQG & IXQFWLRQ DV ILOWHULQJ FRPSRQHQWV 7KH FLUFXLW JHQHUDWHV LQWHUQDO UHIHUHQFH YROWDJHV 9UHI DQG +UHI ZKLFK KDYH WKHLU RZQ ILOWHULQJ FDSDFLWRUV & DQG & 7KHVH YROWDJHV KDYH D YDOXH RI DSSUR[ 9 7KH FLUFXLW·V DFWXDO JURXQG LV SLQ $GGLWLRQDOO\ WKH FLUFXLW KDV JURXQGV +JQG IRU WKH KRUL]RQWDO EORFN·V DQG 9JQG IRU WKH YHUWLFDO EORFN·V JURXQGLQJ

6\QFKURQL]DWLRQ
7KH YHUWLFDO V\QF SXOVHV DUH GLUHFWHG IURP SURFHVVRU ,& SLQ WR WKH GHIOHFWLRQ GULYHU FLUFXLW ,& SLQ (YHQ LI WKH FLUFXLW FDQ IXQFWLRQ LQGHSHQGHQWO\ IURP WKH V\QF SXOVH SRODULW\ WKH SRODULW\ LV VWDQGDUGL]HG SRVLWLYH LQ WKH SURFHVVRU & YDOXH GHILQHV WKH IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH RI WKH YHUWLFDO RVFLOODWRU ,Q WKLV PRQLWRU PRGHO & KDV EHHQ FKRVHQ LQ VXFK D ZD\ WKDW WKH FLUFXLW V\QFKURQL]HV DXWRPDWLFDOO\ WR WKH PRQLWRU WRWDO IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH RI «+] ,I WKHUH DUH QR LQFRPLQJ V\QF SXOVHV WKH YHUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ LV VKLIWHG WR WKH IUHHRVFLOODWLRQ IUHTXHQF\ RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\ +] 7KH KRUL]RQWDO V\QF SXOVHV DUH GLUHFWHG IURP SURFHVVRU ,& SLQ WR ,& SLQ $OVR WKH KRUL]RQWDO V\QF SXOVHV SRODULW\ LV VWDQGDUGL]HG SRVLWLYH LQ WKH SURFHVVRU 7KH FLUFXLW 9&2 LV WDLORUHG VR WKDW WKH FLUFXLW V\QFKURQL]HV DXWRPDWLFDOO\ WR WKH WRWDO PRQLWRU IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH RI «.K] 7KH 9&2 EDVH IUHTXHQF\ LV GHILQHG E\ & DQG 5 :KHQ WKH SURFHVVRU VZLWFKHV RQ WKH ODUJHVW 6FDSDFLWRU PRUH FXUUHQW LV VXPPHG WKURXJK 5 WR WKH 5& FLUFXLW 7KH DGGLWLRQ VWDELOL]HV WKH VZLWFKLQJ IXQFWLRQ RQ ORZHU IUHTXHQFLHV 7KH IUHTXHQF\ IHHGEDFN LV EURXJKW IURP WKH KRUL]RQWDO GHIOHFWLRQ RXWSXW VWDJH WR ,& WKURXJK & DQG 5 ,W PXVW EH QRWHG WKDW WKH FLUFXLW·V FRPSRVLWH V\QF SXOVH VHSDUDWRU VZLWFKLQJ LV XQXVDEOH VLQFH LW FDQQRW JHQHUDWH D VXIILFLHQWO\ VWDEOH RXWSXW 7KH FLUFXLW FDQ EH UXQ ZLWK D FRPSRVLWH V\QF ZKHQ WKH ILHOG V\QF SXOVH VHSDUDWLQJ LV GRQH EHIRUH WKH FLUFXLW LQ WKLV FDVH LQ WKH SURFHVVRU DQG ZKHQ WKH SKDVHIUHTXHQF\ 7

FRPSDUDWRU IXQFWLRQ LV SUHYHQWHG GXULQJ WKH ILHOG V\QF SXOVH 7KH EORFNLQJ KDV EHHQ DFFRPSOLVKHG E\ EULQJLQJ D ILHOG V\QF SXOVH DW ,& 3//,1+

)RUFHG FRQWURO RI PD[LPXP PLQLPXP IUHTXHQF\
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·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

7



+GULYH RXWSXW
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

3KDVH DGMXVWPHQW
7KH SKDVH DGMXVWPHQW LV UHDOL]HG ZLWK SKDVH ORFN 3// ZKLFK LV XVHG WR DGMXVW WKH SLFWXUH ORFDWLRQ KRUL]RQWDOO\ 3// FRPSHQVDWHV WKH SRVVLEOH KHDW GULIWV RI WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH :KHQ WKH XVHU LV DGMXVWLQJ WKH SKDVH WKH SURFHVVRU ZULWHV D YDOXH WR WKH ,& UHJLVWHU ZKLFK LV FRQYHUWHG WR '&YROWDJH 9«9 E\ WKH FLUFXLW LQWHUQDO $'FRQYHUWHU 7KLV '&YROWDJH GHILQHV WKH DUHD RI WKH 9&2 VDZ WRRWK ZDYH PHDVXUDEOH DW ,& ZKHUH 3// VKRXOG FRPSDUH OLQH V\QF SXOVHV :KHQ WKH '&YROWDJH LV DOWHUHG WKH FRPSDUHG DUHD LV DOVR DOWHUHG DW ZKLFK SRLQW WKH VDZ WRRWK ZDYH DQG WKH +B'ULYH VLJQDO PRYH WR D GLIIHUHQW ORFDWLRQ LQ UHODWLRQ WR WKH V\QF SXOVH 7KH XVHU FDQ VHH WKLV RQ WKH PRQLWRU VFUHHQ DV SLFWXUH PRWLRQ WR WKH OHIW RU ULJKW GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH DGMXVWPHQW GLUHFWLRQ

)UHTXHQF\ FKDQJH EHKDYLRXU
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



7

9HUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ FRQWURO
9HUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ LV XVHG WR DGMXVW WKH IROORZLQJ SDUDPHWHUV 3LFWXUH KHLJKW LV FRQWUROOHG E\ DOWHULQJ WKH YHUWLFDO UDPS DPSOLWXGH ,Q WKH SURFHGXUH WKH SURFHVVRU ZULWHV D YDOXH WR WKH ,& UHJLVWHU ZKLFK GHILQHV WKH FLUFXLW·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«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

7



:LGWK FRQWURO FLUFXLW
*HQHUDO IHDWXUHV
7KH ZLGWK FRQWURO FLUFXLW LV IRUPHG E\ FXUUHQW IRUP SXOVH ZLGWK PRGXODWRU 8& ,& VZLWFK PRGH )(7 7 DQG VZLWFK PRGH WUDQVIRUPHU 0 7KH WUDQVIRUPHU FRQWDLQV D SULPDU\ FRLO DQG WZR VHFRQGDU\ FRLOV RQH IO\EDFNW\SH DQG RQH IRUZDUGW\SH 7KH VXSSO\ YROWDJH LV IHG IURP WKH IO\EDFN FRLO WR WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH DQG WKH QHHGHG SRZHU WR FRQWURO 7 LV EURXJKW IURP WKH IRUZDUG FRLO 7KH IRUZDUGVZLWFKLQJ LQ WKH 7 FRQWURO HQDEOHV WKH QHHGHG EDVH YROWDJH LQFUHDVH ZKHQ WKH OLQH IUHTXHQF\ LV ULVLQJ 7KH SXOVH ZLGWK PRGXODWRU LV V\QFKURQL]HG WR OLQH IUHTXHQF\ ZLWK WKH +B'5,9( VLJQDO 7KH 8& EORFN GLDJUDP LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ SLFWXUH

SLFWXUH



7

)XQFWLRQ
7KH SXOVH ZLGWK PRGXODWRU LV WULJJHUHG IURP WKH +B'5,9( SXOVH WKURXJK 7 7 VWDUWV WR OHDG ZLWK D IDOOLQJ HGJH DQG FRQQHFWV D 9 IURP ,& 9UHI WR 5&FLUFXLW 5 DQG & DW ZKLFK SRLQW WKH GHFLVLRQ OHYHO LV UHDFKHG DQG WKH FLUFXLW LV WULJJHUHG $V D UHVXOW ,& JRHV XS 7 JRHV OHDGLQJ DQG FXUUHQW VWDUWV WR IORZ LQ WKH SULPDU\ FRLO RI WUDQVIRUPHU 0 :KHQ WKH YROWDJH LQ FXUUHQW VHQVH UHVLVWRU 5 LV LQFUHDVLQJ WR WKH VDPH OHYHO DV LQ WKH FXUUHQW VHQVH FRPSDUDWRU·V QHJDWLYH LQSXW WKH 56 IOLSIORS FRQWUROOLQJ WKH FLUFXLW RXWSXW VWDJH LV UHVHW DQG WKH RXWSXW ,& JRHV GRZQ 7KH HQHUJ\ WUDQVIHUUHG LQWR WKH VHFRQGDU\ VWDUWV WR FKDUJH WKH 6FDSDFLWRUV WKURXJK ' DQG ' 6LPXOWDQHRXVO\ & LV FKDUJLQJ WKURXJK ' DQG / 7KH SURFHGXUH LV UHVWDUWHG LQ WKH QH[W IDOOLQJ +B'5,9( SXOVH HGJH

:LGWK FRQWURO (: DQG WUDSH]LXP FRUUHFWLRQ
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·V SXUSRVH LV WR ILOWHU GLVWXUELQJ YROWDJHV IURP WKH GLIIHUHQWLDO DPSOLILHU RXWSXW DQG WR OLPLW WKH XSSHU IUHTXHQFLHV DPSOLILFDWLRQ WR SUHYHQW RVFLOODWLRQ 7ULPPHU 57 LV XVHG WR VHW WKH SLFWXUH ZLGWK URXJKO\ WR WKH FRUUHFW DUHD 7KH (: DQG WUDSH]LXP FRUUHFWLRQ DUH GRQH E\ VXPPLQJ WKH (:SDUDEROD DQG WUDSH]LXP FRUUHFWLRQ YROWDJHV WR WKH ZLGWK FRQWURO YROWDJH ZLWK 5

7



&XUUHQW EORFN
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

7 FDQ EH GULYHQ OHDGLQJ DOVR WKURXJK 7 DQG 5 ,Q D VLWXDWLRQ ZKHUH 7 KDV EHHQ GDPDJHG WKXV SXOOLQJ WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH VXSSO\ YROWDJH WR WKH JURXQG 7 EDVH LV FRQQHFWLQJ WR JURXQG WKURXJK 5 DQG ' DQG 7 VWDUWV WR OHDG $V D UHVXOW 7 RSHQV DQG SXOOV ,& WR JURXQG DW ZKLFK SRLQW WKH SXOVH UDWLR DQG VHFRQGDU\ YROWDJHV DUH GHFUHDVLQJ

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

+LJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU
*HQHUDO
7KH KLJK YROWDJH LV JHQHUDWHG E\ KLJK YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHU 0 DQG D IO\EDFN W\SH YROWDJH UHJXODWHG SRZHU VXSSO\ FRPSRVHG RI WUDQVLVWRUV 7 7 DQG ,& ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR SULPDU\ DQG VHFRQGDU\ FRLOV DQG VHFRQGDU\ GLRGHV WKH KLJK YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHU FRQWDLQV D %OHHGHUUHVLVWRU WULPPHUV IRU WKH IRFXV DQG *YROWDJH DGMXVWLQJ DQG D KLJK YROWDJH FDSDFLWRU $OVR DQ 29(5 92/7YROWDJH LV EURXJKW IURP WKH WUDQVIRUPHU·V DX[LOLDU\ FRLO 0 SLQ 7KH YROWDJH LV XVHG WR PRQLWRU WKH H[FHVVLYH LQFUHDVH RI WKH KLJK YROWDJH LQ D SRVVLEOH IDLOXUH VLWXDWLRQ 7KH IHHGEDFN GDWD IRU WKH KLJK YROWDJH UHJXODWLRQ LV EURXJKW IURP WKH %OHHGHUUHVLVWRU ORZHU HQG 0 SLQ ZLWK WKH YROWDJH IRUPLQJ LQWR UHVLVWRUV 5 5 DQG 57 7ULPPHU 57 LV XVHG WR DGMXVW WKH KLJK YROWDJH WR N9

7KH IXQFWLRQ
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«& LQ WKH SLFWXUH 7KH KLJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU·V VHFRQGDU\ GLRGHV VWDUW WR OHDG DQG WKH HQHUJ\ VWRUHG LQ WKH SULPDU\ LV WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH FDSDFLWDQFH LQ WKH KLJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU DQG WKH SLFWXUH WXEH 6LQFH WKH FRXSOLQJ IDFWRU EHWZHHQ WKH KLJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU SULPDU\ DQG VHFRQGDU\ LV YHU\ VPDOO XQOLNH LQ WKH SRZHU VXSSO\ WUDQVIRUPHU WKH VZLWFK PRGH VZLWFK·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«' -XVW EHIRUH 7 LV UHGLUHFWHG OHDGLQJ 7 LV GLUHFWHG QRQOHDGLQJ PRPHQW ' $W WKDW WLPH WKH FXUUHQW LQ WKH SULPDU\ FRLO LV IRUFHG WR IORZ SULPDU\ FRLO 9 FDSDFLWRUV & & DQG WKH ODWWHU VWDUWV WR GLVFKDUJH

7



:KHQ & KDV EHHQ FRPSOHWHO\ GLVFKDUJHG WKH FXUUHQW IORZV LQVWHDG RI & WKURXJK D 7 GLRGH QRW LOOXVWUDWHG LQ WKH EORFN GLDJUDP WLPH SHULRG '«( $W WKLV SRLQW 7 FDQ EH PDGH OHDGLQJ PRPHQW ( 6LQFH WKH YROWDJH RYHU WKH SULPDU\ FRLO LV QRZ RYHU 9 WKH SULPDU\ FRLO FXUUHQW WXUQV UDSLGO\ WR IORZ IURP SLQ WR SLQ DQG IXUWKHU WKURXJK 7 WR WKH JURXQG HQHUJ\ LV VWRUHG WR WKH FRLO HWF DQG WKH VHTXHQFH LV UHVWDUWHG

SYNC. PULSE, IC301 pin4,12

REGULATION IC301 pin 7

IC301 pin 10

IC301 pin 9

GATE OF T304

GATE OF T303

DRAIN OF T304

A

B C

D

E

F

SLFWXUH



7

+7GULYHU
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«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·V SULPDU\ FRLO $W PRPHQW ) D QHZ WULJJHU SXOVH LV DUULYLQJ 7 JRHV QRQ OHDGLQJ WKH IO\EDFN SXOVH LV VWDUWHG 7KH HQHUJ\ VWRUHG LQ WKH SULPDU\ LV WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH SULPDU\ HWF

7



5HJXODWLRQ
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·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·V SULPDU\ FRLO DW ZKLFK SRLQW 7 JRHV QRQOHDGLQJ DJDLQ PRUH HQHUJ\ LV VWRUHG LQ WKH VHFRQGDU\ FRLO DQG WKH KLJK YROWDJH LQFUHDVHV EDFN WR WKH ZDQWHG OHYHO



7

&XUUHQW OLPLWHU
7KH KLJK YROWDJH JHQHUDWRU·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· OHDGLQJ WKH FXUUHQW IORZLQJ WKURXJK WKH KLJK YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHU SULPDU\ FRLO LV DOVR GLVFRQQHFWHG 7 DQG 7 NHHS OHDGLQJ DV ORQJ DV 7 LV OHDGLQJ :KHQ WKH FRQWURO IURP ,& WR 7 LV GLVFRQQHFWHG 7 DQG 7 JR QRQOHDGLQJ DV ZHOO VLQFH WKH QHHGHG FRQWURO KROG FXUUHQW LV GLVFRQQHFWHG :KHQ ,& JLYHV WKH QH[W SXOVH WR 7 WKH IXQFWLRQ LV UHSHDWHG LI WKH RYHU FXUUHQW VLWXDWLRQ KDV QRW EHHQ UHVROYHG :KHQ UHSDLULQJ KLJK YROWDJH VWDJH IDLOXUHV WKH FXUUHQW OLPLWHU FRPSRQHQWV DQG IXQFWLRQ PXVW DOZD\V EH FKHFNHG

6WDUWXS VHTXHQFH
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

7



*YROWDJH JHQHUDWLQJ VWDJH
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

;UD\ SURWHFWLRQ
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



7

9HUWLFDO RXWSXW VWDJH
9HUWLFDO DPSOLILHU ,& LV RI W\SH 679 DQG RSHUDWHV LQ WKHRU\ OLNH DQ RSHUDWLRQDO DPSOLILHU 7KH VXSSO\ YROWDJHV DUH IHG WR WKH FLUFXLW 9 WR SLQ DQG 9 WR SLQ $ YHUWLFDO UDPS LV EURXJKW IURP GHIOHFWLRQ GULYHU ,& 9RXW WKURXJK 5 WR WKH ,& LQYHUWLQJ LQSXW DQG D YROWDJH UHIHUHQFH 9'&RXW ,& WKURXJK 5 WR ,& QRQLQYHUWLQJ LQSXW 7KH 9'&RXW YROWDJH OHYHO LV XVHG WR GHILQH WKH SLFWXUH·V YHUWLFDO FHQWHULQJ 2XWSXW YROWDJH ,& LV IHG WR WKH GHIOHFWLRQ FRLO 5 DQG 5 DUH XVHG WR JHQHUDWH D YROWDJH SURSRUWLRQDO WR WKH GHIOHFWLRQ FXUUHQW ZKLFK LV FRQQHFWHG WKURXJK 5 DQG & WR ,& LQYHUWLQJ LQSXW WKHUHE\ GHILQLQJ WKH FLUFXLW·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

7



7KH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH
*HQHUDO
7KH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH LV FRPSRVHG RI RXWSXW WUDQVLVWRU 7 IO\EDFN GLRGH ' IO\EDFN FDSDFLWRUV & DQG & DV ZHOO DV GULYHU )(7 7 DQG LWV EXIIHU FLUFXLW 7 DQG GULYHU WUDQVIRUPHU 0 $OVR LQFOXGHG DUH WKH 6 DQG OLQHDULW\FRUUHFWLRQ FLUFXLWV WKH IUDPH FHQWHULQJ FLUFXLW DQG WKH FXUUHQW OLPLWHU FLUFXLW

7KH IXQFWLRQ
7KH IXQFWLRQ LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ SLFWXUH

PM3384B T408 source 2

1 T409 base

T409 collector 3 deflection 4 current
A B C D E

SLFWXUH



7

7KH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH JHWV LWV ILUVW SRVLWLYH 'ULYHUSXOVH DPSOLWXGH DSSUR[ 9 IDOOLQJ HGJH IURP GHIOHFWLRQ GULYHU ,& VHFWLRQ $ LQ WKH SLFWXUH 7KLV SXOVH JHWV GULYHU WUDQVLVWRU 7 WR OHDG WKHUHE\ FDXVLQJ FXUUHQW WR IORZ LQ WKH GULYHU WUDQVIRUPHU FRLOV 7 EDVH YROWDJH VWDUWV WR LQFUHDVH DQG DV D UHVXOW 7 VWDUWV WR OHDG 'XH WR WKH FRLO·V ZLQGLQJ GLUHFWLRQ DQG FRXSOLQJ UDWLR 0 SLQ YROWDJH LV QHJDWLYH DW ZKLFK SRLQW ' LV QRW OHDGLQJ &XUUHQW VWDUWV WR IORZ IURP WKH 6FDSDFLWRUV WKURXJK WKH GHIOHFWLRQ FRLO WR 7 7KH FXUUHQW LQFUHDVH UDWH LV UHODWLYH WR WKH GHIOHFWLRQ FRLO·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

7



/LQHDULW\ FRUUHFWLRQ
6LQFH WKLV PRQLWRU RSHUDWHV LQ D ODUJH IUHTXHQF\ UDQJH IUHTXHQF\ UHODWLRQDO 6 DQG OLQHDULW\FRUUHFWLRQ LV QHHGHG LQ WKH KRUL]RQWDO GHIOHFWLRQ )RU WKLV SXUSRVH WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH FRQWDLQV HOHFWULFDOO\ VZLWFKHG 6FDSDFLWRUV && WKHLU VZLWFKLQJ )(7V 77 DQG OLQHDULW\ FRLOV / / 7KH OLQHDULW\ FRLO·V LQGXFWDQFH FDQ EH DOWHUHG ZLWK SDUDOOHO FRLOV // ZKLFK DUH FRQWUROOHG E\ VZLWFKLQJ )(7V 7 DQG 7 7KH SURFHVVRU VHOHFWV WKH DSSURSULDWH FRPELQDWLRQ IURP WKH 6FDSDFLWRU WDEOH DFFRUGLQJ WKH XVHG KRUL]RQWDO GHIOHFWLRQ IUHTXHQF\ DQG GLUHFWV WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ VZLWFKLQJ )(7V OHDGLQJ WKURXJK OLQHV 6«6 7KH SULQFLSOH LV WKH ORZHU WKH OLQH IUHTXHQF\ WKH PRUH FDSDFLWRUV DUH VZLWFKHG 7KH OLQHDULW\ FRUUHFWLRQ LV DFFRPSOLVKHG ZLWK OLQHDULW\ FRLOV / DQG / 6LQFH WKH FRLOV FRUUHFWLRQ HIIHFW LV H[FHVVLYH ZLWK KLJK IUHTXHQFLHV RQO\ ERWK RU MXVW RQH RI WKH SDUDOOHO FRLOV DUH FRQQHFWHG SDUDOOHO ZLWK WKH OLQHDULW\ FRLOV 7KLV LV DFFRPSOLVKHG E\ WKH SURFHVVRU ZKLFK SXOOV GRZQ WKH ZDQWHG SLQ /,1 RU /,1 5 DQG ' UHPRYH RVFLOODWLRQV RFFXUULQJ LQ WKH OLQHDULW\ FRLO

)UDPH FHQWHULQJ
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« LI WKH LPSHGDQFH DIIHFWLQJ WKH FXUUHQW LV GLIIHUHQW ZKHQ IORZLQJ IURP SLQ WR SLQ WKDQ ZKHQ IORZLQJ IURP SLQ WR SLQ :KHQ WKH SURFHVVRU GLUHFWV +B&(17 OLQH GRZQ WUDQVLVWRU FLUFXLW 7 LV FRPSOHWHO\ QRQOHDGLQJ DQG FXUUHQW FDQ IORZ RQO\ WR WKH RWKHU GLUHFWLRQ WKURXJK ' DQG ' 7KH WUDQVIRUPHU·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



7

%ODQNLQJ FLUFXLW
/LQH DQG ILHOG IO\EDFN EODQNLQJ LV DFFRPSOLVKHG WKURXJK * JULG 7KH JULG FRQWURO VZLWFKLQJ LV FRPSRVHG RI 7«7 & 5 DQG 5 :KHQ ERWK EODQNLQJV DUH LQDFWLYH '= UHJXODWHV WKURXJK 7 DQ DSSUR[ 9 YROWDJH WR & /LQH EODQNLQJ $ )/<%$&. VLJQDO EURXJKW IURP WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH LV XVHG LQ WKH OLQH EODQNLQJ 7KH VLJQDO FRQQHFWV 7 OHDGLQJ WKURXJK 5 $V D UHVXOW & SRVLWLYH VLGH FRQQHFWV WKURXJK ' WR JURXQG DW ZKLFK SRLQW D QHJDWLYH 9 SXOVH LV JHQHUDWHG WR WKH *OLQH WKXV FDXVLQJ WKH EHDP EODQNLQJ 5 LV SDUDOOHO ZLWK & XVHG WR RYHUULGH 5 ZLWK WKH )/<%$&. SXOVH·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

7



2WKHU IXQFWLRQV
%HDP FXUUHQW OLPLWHU FLUFXLW
7KH EHDP FXUUHQW OLPLWHU FLUFXLW LV FRPSRVHG RI 7 DQG 7 7KH EHDP FXUUHQW IORZV IURP JURXQG WKURXJK 5 WR KLJK YROWDJH WUDQVIRUPHU 0 SLQ VHFRQGDU\ ORZHU HQG :KHQ WKH EHDP FXUUHQW LQFUHDVHV H[FHVVLYHO\ 7 VWDUWV WR OHDG $W WKDW SRLQW DOVR 7 LV OHDGLQJ DQG WKHUHE\ GHFUHDVHV WKH FRQWUDVW DGMXVWPHQW YROWDJHV $V D UHVXOW WKH EHDP FXUUHQW GHFUHDVHV & SUHYHQWV VKRUW EHDP FXUUHQW DOWHUDWLRQV IURP DIIHFWLQJ WKH EHDP FXUUHQW OLPLWHU 5 DQG & ORQJ WLPH FRQVWDQW SUHYHQWV WKH EULJKWQHVV DOWHUDWLRQ ´SXPSLQJµ ZKHQ WKH EHDP FXUUHQW RI VXFFHVVLYH SLFWXUHV LV GLIIHUHQW

7&2FRPSHQVDWLQJ FLUFXLW
7KH FRPSHQVDWLQJ FLUFXLW·V SXUSRVH LV WR SUHYHQW WKH SURJUHVV RI D IRUZDUG GLUHFWHG PDJQHWLF ILHOG JHQHUDWHG E\ WKH GHIOHFWLRQ FRLO 7KH FRPSHQVDWLQJ LV DFFRPSOLVKHG ZLWK D ZLUH ORRS ORFDWHG RQ WKH SLFWXUH WXEH·V XSSHU HGJH 7KH ORRS FXUUHQW LV EURXJKW IURP WKH KRUL]RQWDO GHIOHFWLRQ FXUUHQW JHQHUDWHG E\ WKH OLQH RXWSXW VWDJH DQG ZKHQ IORZLQJ LQ WKH ZLUH ORRS WKH FXUUHQW JHQHUDWHV DQ RSSRVLWH GLUHFWHG PDJQHWLF ILHOG ZKLFK RYHUULGHV WKH GHIOHFWLRQ FRLO ILHOG 7KH FRPSHQVDWLQJ PXVW EH DFFRPSOLVKHG LQ RUGHU IRU WKH PRQLWRU WR PHHW WKH 7&2VWDQGDUG UDGLDWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQWV

5HVHWFLUFXLW
7KH UHVHW FLUFXLW LV FRPSRVHG RI 7 '= DQG WKHLU DX[LOLDU\ FRPSRQHQWV :KHQ WKH PRQLWRU LV VZLWFKHG RQ 67%


7

&ODPS SXOVH JHQHUDWLQJ
7KH EODFN OHYHO FODPS SXOVH QHHGHG E\ WKH YLGHR LV JHQHUDWHG ZLWK D KRUL]RQWDO V\QF SXOVH 6LQFH WKH PRQLWRU RSHUDWHV DOVR ZLWK D V\QF RQ JUHHQV\QFKURQL]DWLRQ WKH FODPS SXOVH·V SODFH DQG OHQJWK PXVW EH SUHFLVHO\ GHILQHG 7KH FLUFXLW LV FRPSRVHG RI ,& 5 DQG & 6LQFH ,& ' SLQ LV FRQQHFWHG GLUHFWO\ WR 67%
7



'\QDPLF FRQYHUJHQFH
,Q D µ KLJK HQG PRQLWRU D FRQYHUJHQFH DGMXVWPHQW VWDWLF FRQYHUJHQFH DIIHFWLQJ WKH ZKROH SLFWXUH ILHOG LV QRW VXIILFLHQW 7KH SLFWXUH ILHOG LV GLYLGHG LQ SDUWV [ JULG (YHU\ SDUW·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·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



7

0RLUp DGMXVWPHQW
0RLUp FDQ DSSHDU DV 9,'(2 RU 6&$10RLUp 7KH SULQFLSOH LQ WKLV FRUUHFWLRQ FLUFXLW LV WR FRUUHFW ERWK 0RLUp SKHQRPHQRQV VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ 7KH 0RLUpFRQWURO LV JHQHUDWHG ZLWK OLQH GULYHU ,& 7KH FLUFXLW RXWSXWV UHFWDQJXODU ZDYH ZLWK D IUHTXHQF\ KDOI WKH OLQH IUHTXHQF\ 7KH UHFWDQJXODU ZDYH SKDVH LV DOWHUHG DIWHU HDFK ILHOG YHUWLFDO GHIOHFWLRQ VHTXHQFH 7KH ZDYH DPSOLWXGH «9 FDQ EH DGMXVWHG ZLWK D ELW DFFXUDF\ WKURXJK WKH ,& EXV 7KH YLGHRPRLUp HIIHFW LV GHFUHDVHG E\ FKDQJLQJ WKH 3// SKDVH ORFN IXQFWLRQ 5 LV XVHG WR FRQQHFW YROWDJH ZLWK D UDWLR GHILQHG E\ YROWDJH GLYLVLRQ 5 IURP WKH UHFWDQJXODU ZDYH WR ILOWHU FDSDFLWRU &·V ORZHU HQG DW ZKLFK SRLQW WKH OLQH SKDVH LV DOWHUHG :KHQ WKH VKLIW LV DFFRPSOLVKHG ZLWK HYHU\ RWKHU OLQH D YHUWLFDO VDZ WRRWK ZDYH LV JHQHUDWHG IURP WKH VWDUWLQJ SR