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Model 3930A
Multifunction Synthesizer
Operator's Manual
Contains Operating and Servicing Information
WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year from date of
shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable batteries,
diskettes. and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio. You will
he given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs
will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the origi-
nal warranty period, or at least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley's express written consent, or misuse of
any product or pti. This warranty also does not apply lo fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or
problems arising from normal wear OI failure to follow instructions,
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE
BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDI-
RECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND
SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL
AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
Model 3930A Multifunction Synthesizer
Operator's Manual
0 1991, Kcithlcy Instruments, Inc.
Test Instrumentation Group
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
August 1991, First Printing
Document Number: 3930A-900-01 Rev. A
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Safetv Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using the Model 3930A Multifunction Synthesizer and any
associated instruments.
This instrument is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety
precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read over this manual carefully before using the instrument.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present at the te.st circuit. The American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V nns or 4.2.4V peak are present. A good
safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Inspect the connecting cables and test leads for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
For maximum safety, do not touch the test cables or any instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
Turn off the power and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting cables from the instrument.
Do not touch any object which could provide a current path to the commc~n side of the circuit under test or power line
(earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of with-
standing the voltage being measured.
Instrumentation and accessories should not be connected to humans.
Table of Contents
SECTION 1- General Information
1.1 INTRODUCTION ..................... ........................... 1-l
1.2 FEATURES .......................... ........................... 1-l
1.3 WARRANTY INFORMATION ........... ........................... l-2
1.4 MANUAL ADDENDA ........................... l-2
1.5 SAFETY TERMS AND SYMBOLS ......... ........................... l-2
1.6 UNPACKING AND REPACKING ........ ........................... l-2
1.6.1 Unpacking ........................ ........................... 1-2
1.6.2 shipment contents .................. .......................... 1-2
1.6.3 Operator's Manual .................. .......................... l-2
1.6.4 Repacking For Shipment .............. .......................... l-3
1.7 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES ............. .......................... l-3
1.8 SPECIFICATIONS .................... .......................... l-3
SECTION 2- Getting Started
2.1 INTRODUCTION .................. 2-l
2.2 INSTALLATION .................. .......................... 2-l
2.2.1 Installation Location .............. .......................... 2-1
2.2.2 Fan ........................... .......................... 2-l
2.3 LINE POWER SUPPLY .............. .......................... 2-2
2.3.1 LINE Voltage Selector Switch ....... .......................... 2-2
2.3.2 Line Receptacle Connection ......... .......................... 2-2
2.3.3 Line Fuse ...................... .......................... 2-2
2.4 HANDLING PRECAUTIONS ......... .......................... 2-3
2.5 BASIC OPERATION ................ .......................... 2-3
2.5.1 Front Panel Summary ............. .......................... 2-3
2.5.2 Typical Test Connections .......... .......................... 2-3
2.5.3 Operating Examples .............. 2-5
SECTION 3- Operation
3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 3-l
3.2 FRONT PANEL AND REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION ................................... 3-l
3.2.1 Front Panel Description. ....................................................... 3-l
3.2.2 RearPanelDescription ........................................................ 3-12
3.3 Input and Output Connections .................................................... 3-13
3.3.1 InputConnections ........................................................... 3-13
3.3.2 outputConnections.. ........................................................ 3-14
3.4 STARTUP .................................................................... 3-15
3.5 OPERATINGPROCEDURES ..................................................... 3-16
3.5.1 Setting Parameters Using Numeric Keys ........................................... 3-16
3.5.2 Setting Parameters using MODIFY .............................
3.5.3 ErrorCodes ..............................................
3.5.4 UnitsConversion ..........................................
3.5.5 Frequency Programming .....................................
3.5.6 Output Amplitude and Amplitude Modulation ....................
3.5.7 DC Offset Programming .....................................
3.5.8 Waveform Selection, Square-Wave Duty Cycle, and Synchronous Output
3.5.9 OscillationMode ...........................................
3.5.10 Trigger Parameters (Source, Rate, Burst Cycle, and Phase) ............
3.5.11 Frequency Sweep Operation ..................................
3.5.12 OutputRangeMode ........................................
SECTION 4- GPIB Interface
4.1 INTRODUCTION .............................. 4-l
4.1.1 GPIB Overview .............................. 4-l
4.1.2 Major GPIB Specifications ...................... 4-l
4.1.3 Bus Line Signals and Operation .................. 4-2
4.1.4 GPIB Handshaking ........................... 4-2
4.1.5 Data Transfer Example ........................ 43
4.1.6 Basic Talker Functions ......................... 4-3
4.1.7 Basic Listener Functions ....................... 4-3
4.1.8 Basic Controller Functions ...................... 4-4
4.1.9 Multi-Line Interface Messages ................... 44
4.2 OVERVIEW OF MODEL 3930A GPIB INTERFACE ..... 4-6
4.2.1 Introduction ................................ 4-6
4.2.2 Specifications __._ ._ __ ._ ._ _______ _._ __ 4-6
4.3 MODEL 3930A PROGRAM CODES ................ 4-10
4.3.1 Model 3930A Parameter-Setting Messages .......... 4-10
4.3.2 Model 3930A Inquiry Messages .................. 4-21
4.4 MODEL 3933A PHASE SHIFIIZR PROGRAM CODES. .. 4-26
4.4.1 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Parameter Setting Messages 4-26
4.4.2 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Inquiry Messages ....... 4-32
4.5 TYPICAL EXECUTION TIMES .................... 4-35
4.6 PROGRAM CODE SUMMARY TABLES ............. 4-38
4.7 SAMPLEPROGRAMS .......................... 4-43
List of Illustrations
SECTION 2- Getting Started
Figure 2-l Front Panel Summary 24
Figure 2-2 TypicalConnections ..___.___...._._..._.._...___......... 2-5
SECTION 3- Operation
Figure 3-1 Model 3930A Front Panel ................................... 3-2
Figure 3-2 Model 3930A Rear Panel .................................... 3-11
Figure 3-3 LogicInputCircuit ........................................ 3-13
Figure 34 Amplitude Modulation Input Circuit ......................... 3-14
Figure 3-5 Internal Trigger Output ................................... 3-14
Figure 3-6 SynchronousOutput ...................................... 3-14
Figure 3-7 Sweep Marker and Sweep Synchronous Outputs ................. 3-14
Figure 3-8 Relational Range for Allowed AC Amplitude Voltage and DC ....... 3-22
Figure 3-9 Phase Relationship between Waveform and Synchronous Output .... 3-23
Figure 3-10 Burst Oscillation Mode Example ............................. 3-26
Figure 3-11 Gate Oscillation Example Using Square Wave ................... 3-26
Figure 3-12 Gate Oscillation Example Showing Completion of Oscillation Cycle 3-26
Figure 3-13 Waveforms and Phase Definitions ............................ 3-25
Figure 3-14 Relationship Between Sweep Frequency and Sweep Output ........ 3-31
Figure 3-15 Output Resolution and Number of Digits for AC Only ............ 3.36
Figure 3-16 Setting Resolution and Number of Digits for DC Only ............. 3-37
SECTION 4- GPIB Interface
Figure 4-l Interface Connector 4-2
Figure 4-2 Handshake Timing Diagram 4-3
Figure 4-3 Data Transfer Example 44
Figure 44 Program Code Syntax 4-7
Figure 4-5 Response Output Format 4-9
Appendix A - Typical Data
Figure A-l Sine Wave Amplitude vs. Frequency Characteristics A-2
Figure A-2 Total Harmonic Distortion vs. Frequency Characteristics A-2
List of Tables
SECTION 2- Getting Started
Table 2-l FuseReplacement......................................................... 2-3
SECTION 4- GPIB Interface
Table 4-l Multi-lie Interface Messages ............................ 4-5
Table 4-2 Interface Functions .................................... 4-6
Table 4-3 Bus Driver Specifications ............................... 4-6
Table 4-4 Response to Interface Messages ........................... 4-7
Table 4-5 StatusByte .......................................... 4-11
Table 4-6 Model 3930A Main Parameter Setting Messages .............. 4-12
Table 4-7 Model 3930A Trigger Parameter Setting Messages ............. 4-14
Table 4-8 Model 3930A Sweep Parameter Setting Messages ............. 4-16
Table 4-9 Model 3930A Miscellaneous Parameter Messages ............. 4-19
Table 4-10 Parameter Messages Specific to Model 3930A GPIB ............ 4-20
Table 4-11 Main Parameter Inquiry Messages ................................ 4-21
Table 4-12 Model 3930A Trigger Parameter Inquiry Messages .................... 4-22
Table 4-13 Model 3930A Sweep Parameter Inquiry Messages ..................... 4-23
Table 4-14 Model 3930A Miscellaneous Pammeter Inquiry Messages ............... 4-24
Table 4-15 Inquiry Messages for Parameters Specific to Model 3930A GPIB .......... 4-25
Table 4-16 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Main Parameter Setting Range .............. 4-26
Table 4-17 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Sweep Parameter Setting Messages ........... 4-28
Table 4-18 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Miscekmeous Parameter Setting Messages ..... 4-30
Table 4-19 Parameter Setting Messages Specific to Model 3933A Phase Shifter Gl'IB .... 4-31
Table 4-20 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Main Parameter Inquiry Messages ............ 4-32
Table 4-21 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Sweep Parameter Inquiry Messages ........... 4-33
Table 4-22 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Miscellaneous Parameter Inquiry Messages ..... 4-33
Table 4-23 Inquiry Messages for Parameters Specific to Model 3933A Phase Shifter GPIB 4-34
Table 4-24 TypicalExecutionTimes ........................................ 4-35
Table 4-25 Model 3930A Program Code Summary ............................. 4-38
Table 4-26 Model 3933A Phase Shifter Program Code Summary ................... 441
SECTION 1
General Information
1.1 INTRODUCTION and pertinent messages. Parameter settings are easily
made using both the numeric keys and the MODIFY
The Model 3930A Multifunction Synthesizer can gener- knob.
a&frequencies between O.lmHz and l.?MHz. The Model
3930A can generate the entire frequency band at a resolu-
tion of O.lmHz, with a high-frequency accuracy of The Model 3930A is equipped with a standard GLIB
?5ppm. UEEE-488) interface and can be programmed over the
bus for the same operating modes and parameters that
can be controlled from the front panel.
Five AC waveforms, s, 2/, n , n , and \ are avai-
able. Maximum output voltage for all waveforms is 30V
p-p/no load or 15Vp-p/5OQ load.
1.2 FEATURES
l Wide bandwidth: O.lmHz to l.ZMHz (resolution:
O.lmHz).
Since frequencies are synthesized directly by a custom
l +5ppm frequency accuracy.
LSI digital IC, accuracy and stability are high, and the fre-
l Phase continuity at frequency switchover.
quency switching time is short. Another advantage is the
l Frequency can be set by period in addition to fre-
continuity of phase at frequency switchover.
quency.
l Five AC waveforms available: `L,\,n,n,and\l
Frequency sweep, amplitude modulation (AM), burst os- l The duty cycle can be set to values between 5% and
cillation of up to 65,536 cycles, and gate oscillation are 95% for frequencies up to 1OOkHz.
available. The Model 3930A also employs a built-in trig- l High output: 30Vp-p/no load, 15Vp-p/5OQ load.
ger generator, and the square-wave duty cycle is also l AC output voltages can be set in p-p, rms, or dBV
variable. Combined with the optional Model 3933A units, and units conversion is also available.
Phase Shifter, the Model 3930A forms a multiphase oscil- . AC voltage accuracy: M.5% K5OkHz, s ,3Vp-p or
later. greater).
l Low distortion: 0.1% or less (IOkHz to IOOkHz above
3OmVp-p, when output range is AUTO).
The Model 3930A uses a two-line, 40-character liquid . Amplitude modulation of AC output waveforms by
crystal display to display selected functions, parameters, an externally applied signal.
l-1
SECTION 1
General Information
DC offset and DC output voltages available: +15V/no 1.5 SAFETY TERMS AND SYMBOLS
load, &7.5V/5OQ load.
Bust oscillation and gate oscillation modes: The following safety terms and symbols are found on the
Number of burst oscillation cycles: 1 cycle to 65,536 cy- instrument or used in this manuaL
cles.
Start/stop phase: -360' to 360".
Trigger source: External/internal and trailing/edge
are selectable. The A symbol on the instrument indicates that the
Internal trigger period: lpsec to 2999.9sec. user should refer to the operating instructions.
A wide variety of frequency sweep functions and as-
sociated input and output signals:
Sweep functions: 1, LIN/LOG, A / n
CONT/SINGLE and HOLD/RESUME sweep opera- The WARNING heading used in this manual explains
tions. dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Al-
Sweep time: 5msec to 9999s~~. ways read the associated information very carefully be-
SYNC, MARKER, and X DlUVfZ output signals. fore performing the indicated procedure.
SINGL START and HOLD input signals.
Each parameter setting can be performed using either
the numeric keys or the MODIFY knob and keys. The The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains
two-line, 40 character LCD clearly displays all neces- hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage
sary information. Various modification steps sizes are may invalidate the warranty.
available: +l, ?5, x+2, and x+10.
Battery backed-up memory stores up 10 configuration
settings in addition to the configuration in effect when
power is turned off. 1.6 UNPACKING AND REPACKING
Standard GPIB interface allows the Model 3930A to be
programmed over the GPIB (IEEE-488 interface bus). 1.6.1 Unpacking
Digital I/O allows the Model 3930A to be used as a
multiphase oscillator in conjunction with the optional After carefully unpacking the instrument from its ship-
Model 3933A Phase Shifter. ping carton, inspect it for any obvious signs of physical
Output range mode can be switched from automatic damage. Report any such damage to the shipping agent
(AUTO) to fixed (D(D). immediately. Save the original packing carton for storage
or possible future shipment.
1.3 WARRANTY INFORMATION 1.6.2 Shipment Contents
Warranty information is located on the inside front cover The following items are included with every Model
of this operator's manual. Should your Model 393012 re- 393OA order:
quire warranty service, contact the Keithley representa-
tive or authorized repair facility in your area for further l Model 3930A Multifunction Synthesizer
information. When returning the instrument for repair, . Model 3930A Operator's Manual.
be sue to fill out and include the service form at the back . Power cord
of this manual in order to provide the repair facility with l Fuse (lA, 25OV, 5 x 20mm)
the necessary information. l BNC to BNC signal cable
l Additional accessories as ordered.
1.4 MANUAL ADDENDA 1.6.3 Operator's Manual
Any improvements or changes concerning the ix&n- If an additional manual is required, order the manual
ment or manual will be explained in an addendum in- package, Keithley part number 3930A-900.00. The man-
cluded with the unit. Be sure to note these changes and ualpackage includes an operator's manual and anyperti-
incorporate them into the manual before using the unit. nent addenda.
l-2
SECTION 1
General In,formation
1.6.4 Repacking For Shipment Model 7051-Z BNC-to-BNC Cable: The Model 7051-Z is
SOL2BNC to BNC cable (RG-580 2ft. (0.6m) in length.
Should it become necessary to return the Model 3930A The Model 7051-2 is terminated with male BNC connec-
for repair, carefully pack the unit in its original packing tors on both ends.
carton or the equivalent. Be sure to use a cardboard box of
sufficient strength if the original carton is not used.
Model 7051-5 BNC-to-BNC Cable: The Model 7051-Z is
5OQ BNC to BNC cable (RG-58C) 5ft (1.2m) in length.
Include the following information: The Model 7051-5 is terminated with male BNC connec-
tors on both ends.
l Advise as to the warranty status of the instrument.
l Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT on the
shipping label.
Model7051-lOBNC-toBNCCable:TheModel7051-10is
l Filloutandincludetheserviceformlocatedattheback
similar to the Models 7051-2 and 7051-5 except that it is
of this manual.
loft. in length.
1.7 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
Model 7754-3 BNC-to-Alligator Cable: The Model
The following accessories are available for use with the 7754-3 is a 3ft. (O.Vm) 500 cable (RG-580, terminated
Model 3930A. with a male BNC connector on one end and two alligator
clips on the other end.
Models 3900-l and 3900-Z Rack Mounting Kits: The
Model 3900-l mounts one Model 393OA in a standard 19 Model 7755 5OQ Feed-through Terminator: The Model
inch rack. The Model 3900-2 mounts two Model 3930As 7755 is a BNC to BNC adapter that is terminated with a
side by side in a standard 19 inch rack. Both kits include 5OQ resistor. VSWR is ~1.1, DC to 250MHz.
all necessary hardware for proper rack mounting of the
instruments.
1.8 SPECIFICATIONS
Model 7007 Shielded IEEE-488 Cables: The Model
7007-l Urn, 3.3ft.j and Model 7007-Z (2m, 6.6ft.) can be Detailed Model 3930A specifications may be found in
used to interface the Model 3930A to the IEEE488 bus. Appendix B.
l-3
SECTION 2
Getting Started
2.1 INTRODUCTION Be sure to install the unit in a location that satisfies these
temperature and humidity conditions. Also the environ-
ment must be free of dust and vibration, and the Model
This sections contains basic information on installation, 3930A must not be exposed to direct sunlight.
power line connections, and it also provides typical sim-
ple operating examples.
The Model 3930A uses a line filter, but pulse noise or
strong magnetic or electric fields may cause incorrect op-
eration of the unit. Do not install the unit near a source of
2.2 INSTALLATION pulse noise or strong magnetic or electric fields.
The following paragraphs discuss Model 3930A installa- The guard on the rear panel of the unit is designed to pro-
tion. In particular, use adequate care when installing the tect rear panel connectors and should not be used as a leg
unit. Improper installation will adversely affect the life, for installation. Do not stand the unit vertically on the
reliability, and safety of the unit. rear guard because it may fall over, causing instrument
damage or personal injury.
The Model 3930A weighs about 10 lbs; be careful when 2.2.2 Fan
carrying the unit or mounting it in a rack.
The Model 3930A is air-cooled by a fan. Insufficient air
flow may cause a component in the unit to fail. Follow the
instructions given below.
2.2.1 Installation Location
CAUTION
The allowable ambient temperature and humidity
Observe the following precautions to pre-
ranges for the Model 3930A are.
vent damage to the unit:
operating: 0 to 4O"C, 10 to 9O%RH . An air intake port is provided on the rear
storage: -10 to 5O"C, 10 to 8O%RH panel of the unit. Allow a space of at least
2-l
SECTION 2
Getting Started
four inches between the rear panel and a WARNING
wall or other obstruction. Disconnect the power cord from the instrn-
ment before changing the supply voltage
l An exhaust port is provided on the bottom setting.
panel of the unit. Install the unit on a rigid,
flat surface, and avoid installing it on soft
material such as a cushion. Be careful not to CAUTION
insert foreign material between the bottom Be sure to set the line voltage switch to the
of the unit and the surface underneath . An- correct position for the line power voltage to
other exhaust port is located on the top panel be used. Operating the instrument on an in-
of the unit. Be careful not to block the top correctvoltagemaycausedamageto theunit.
port by placing an object on top of the unit.
l Avoid mounting two or more units verti- 2.3.2 Line Receptacle Connection
cally. Placing one unit on top of another will
obstruct the exhaust port. Connect the supplied power cord to the rear panel Line
receptacle and to a grounded AC power receptacle sup-
l Dust collecting in the fan filter wilt prevent plying the correct voltage.
sufficient air flow. In clean operating envi-
ronments, wash the filter with a mild deter-
gent every three months. When operating WARNING
the unit in a dusty environment, wash the fil- The Model 3930A is equipped with a 3-wire
ter with a mild detergent at least once a power cord that contains a separate ground
month. wire and is designed to be used with
grounded outlets. When proper connections
l Immediately turn off the power to the unit if are made, instrument chassis is connected to
the fan ceases to operate. Operating the in- the power line ground. If the AC outlet is not
strumentwiththefaninoperativemayresult grounded, the rear panel ground terminal
in damage to the instrument. 0 must be connected to safety earth
ground using #18AWG (or larger) wire be-
2.3 LINE POWER SUPPLY fore use.
The Model 3930A operates with a lOOV, 12OV, ZOV, or
24OV SO%, 48 to 62Hz, single-phase AC power supply. 2.3.3 Line Fuse
The power consumption is 41VA.
The line fuse, protects the instrument from over-current
situations. To replace the fuse, first disconnect the line
cord, and unscrew the fuse carrier from the fuse holder.
2.3.1 LINE Voltage Selector Switch Replace the blown fuse only with the type listed in Table
2-1, then replace the fuse holder.
TheLINEvoltageselectorswitchontherearpanelallows
you to change operating voltage of the power supply.
The standard setting of the switch is the same as the volt- WARNING
age available in the country to which the unit is shipped. Disconnect the line cord from the in&u-
ment before replacing the fuse.
To change the power supply voltage, first disconnect the
line cord, and set the supply voltage switch in the correct CAUTION
position. Wait at least five seconds before turning the Use only a fuse of the rating listed in Table
power back on after hnning it off. 2-1, or instrument damage may occur.
2-2
SECTION 2
Gettim Started
Table 2-1. Fuse Replacement such as thinner or benzene, or chemical dust cloths to
avoid damaging the case or front panel surfaces.
mi
2.5 BASIC OPERATION
The following paragraphs summarize front panel operat-
NCSTE:Fuses are 5 x 20mm and have ing controls, give typical test connections, and discuss
25OV,
normal blow ratings. typical operating examples for the Model 3930A.
2.4 HANDLING PRECAUTIONS 2.5.1 Front Panel Summary
Figure 2-l summarizes each front panel feature. For de-
A flat keyboard coated with a polyester film forms the
control panel surface of the Model 3930A. Be careful not tailed information on each operating feature, refer to Sec-
todamagethekeyboardsurfacebycuttingitwithasharp tion 3.
instrument or touching it with a hot object.
2.5.2 Typical Test Connections
When the panel or case becomes dirty, clean it with a soft Figure 2-2 shows typical tests comections behveen the
cloth. If the panel or cake is too dirty for cleaning with a Mode13930A mainsynthesizerand a DLT. Note that SO<>
dry cloth, dampen the cloth in mild detergent, and wipe characteristic impedance cables such as the Model 7051
the panel or case with the damp cloth. Never use solvents should be used for output connections.
2-3
SECTION 2
Getting Started
r
I ,
igure 2-l. Front Panel Summary
2-4
SECTION2
Getting Started
Model 3930A FCTN
out
`igure 2-2. Typical Connections
2.5.3 Operating Examples 2. To directly enter a completely new numeric fre-
quency value, key in the desired number followed
The following examples give step-by-step instructions by the appropriate units key (Hz or kHz). For exam-
for setting basic Model 3930A operating parameters. The ple, toenter afrequencyof lO.lkHz,press: 1 0. 1kHz.
Model 3930A can be connected to an oscilloscope to view 3. To simply modify an existing frequency value, place
the results of the various operating examples. the cursor on the digit to be changed using 4 or .,
then use the MODIFY knob to set the digit to the de-
sired value. Repeat as necessary for all digits to be
Example 1: Selecting the Waveform Type (Function) changed. Note that you can press the STEP SIZE key
to change the increment, or to multiply or divide by 2
The waveform type can be selected using the FCTN key or by 10.
4. To display the time period of the waveform fre-
as follows:
quency, press the set key. You can then key in a new
time period or modify the existing period, if desired.
1. Press FCTN and note that the instrument displays
5. Press Hz or kHz to return to frequency display.
the current function and the available functions.
6. Press DSPL to return to normal display.
2. Press the number key corresponding to the desired
function (O-51,or rotate the MODIFY knob until the
desired function number is displayed. For example,
press 3 to select the square-wave function. The Example 3: Setting the Output Amplitude
waveform will immediately change to the selected
function. Use the AMFTD key to set the output voltage amplitude
3. Press DSPL to return to the normal display mode. as follows:
1. Press AMPTD, and note that the instrument displays
Example 2: Setting fhe Waveform Frequency or Period the current amplitude and allowed amplitude range.
2. To enter a completely new amplitude value in p-p
Use FREQ to set the frequency or period of the output units, key in the numeric value, then press V or mV,
wavefoml as follows: as required. For example, to enter a 30mV p-p ampli-
tude, press: 3 0 mV.
1. Press FREQ to enter the frequency-programming 3. To simply modify the existing amplitude value, use
mode. The instrument will display the allowable fre- the cursor keys and the MODIFY knob to set the
quency range (O.lmHz to 1.2MHz for sine waves, value as required.
O.lmHz to 1OOkHz for all other waveform types). 4. Press DSI'L to rehun to normal display.
2-5
SECTION 2
Getting Started
Example 4: Programming the DC Offset sweep parameters, while the SWEEP OPR keys control
sweep operation. Perform the steps below to demon-
The OFFSET key allows you to set the DC or average level strate basic sweep operation:
of the output waveform, as in the following example:
1. Press OFFSET, and note that the instrument displays Press START FREQ. and key in or use MODIFY to set
the current offset value and allowed range. the sweep start frequency. For example, press 1 kHz
2. Either key in the desired offset, or use the MODIFY to program a 1kHz start frequency.
knob and cursor keys to change the value. Press STOP FREQ. and set the sweep stop frequency
3. Press DSPL to return to normal display. as desired. For example, to program a 1OkHz stop
frequency, press 10 kHz.
Press CTR and SPAN to view the center and span
Example 5: Selecting the Operating Mode frequencies. With 1kHz and IOkHz start and stop
frequencies, the center and span frequencies will be
The Model 3930A can be operated in continuous, burst, 5.5kHz and 9kHz respectively. NOTE: If you change
or gate modes. The operating mode can be set with the the center or span frequencies, the start and stop fre-
MODE key as in the following example: quencies willbe automatically changed accordiigly.
Press SWEEP FCTN, and choose the type of sweep.
1. Press MODE, and note that the instrument displays For example, press 2 to select a linear, ascending
the current mode and available modes (continuous, sweep type.
burst, and gate). Press SWEEP TIME, and program the sweep time as
2. Press the number of the desired mode (or rotate required. For example, press 5 set to program a five-
MODIFY to choose the desired operating mode). second sweep time.
3. Press DSPL to return to normal display. To generate a single sweep, press SINGL START.
The unit will generate one sweep based on selected
sweep parameters.
Example 6: Controlling Sweep Operation To generate continuous sweeps, press SHIFT START
CONT. The Model 3930A will generate sweeps con-
The Model 3930A can be used to sweep across a desired tinuously based on selected sweep parameters.
frequency range. The SWEEP keys allow you to program Press SWEEP OFF to stop a sweep.
2-6
SECTION 3
Operation
3.1 INTRODUCTION with a built-in flat keyboard. The liquid crystal display
presents information useful for the operation of the
This section contains detailed information on front panel Model 3930A, such as the value of each parameter and
operation of the Model 3930A. For detailed GI'IB the range of permissible parameter values.
(IEEE-488 bus) operation, refer to Section 4.
The keyboard includes a SHIFT key, which gives certain
3.2 FRONT PANEL AND REAR PANEL other keys secondary functions. A key which is shaded
with the same color as the SHIFT key requires that you
DESCRIPTION press SHIFT first before accessing the function of that
particular key.
3.2.1 Front Panel Description
The front panel of the Model 3930A is shown in Most settings are maintained in battery backed-up mem-
Figure3-1. The front panel is made up of a two-line, ory. As a result, the Model 3930A automatically assumes
40-character liquid crystal display and a control panel the previous settings when the power is first turned on.
3-1
SECTION 3
Operation
Figure 3-l. Model 3930A Front Panel
3-2
SECTION 3
Oaemtion
Key Representations
TRIG (Trigger keys for burst orgate oscillation)
The various TRIG keys are used for the burst or
This section uses special representation such as [SHIFT], gate oscillation modes. The bigger mode can be
[MODIFY], or [SIZE] in the explanation of certain keys. programmed using the MODE key described be-
This representation indicates the following: 1OW.
[SHIFT] Press the applicable key after press-
ing the SHIFT key to access the
shifted key function. The liquid crys- Press MAN to manually trigger the unit (the
tal display indicates "SHIFT" in the MAN key is operational only in the external trig-
upper left caner when the Model ger mode). In the burst oscilLation mode, press-
3930A is in the shift mode. ing this key will generate the trigger signal. In
thegateoscillationmode, thegatesigmlremains
on as long as MAN is pressed.
[MODIFY] Key in the value using the DATA
keys, or change a given setting value When the external (EXT) bigger scarce is se-
with the MODIFY knob. The up/ lected, MAN will be disabled under either of the
down step size when incrementing following conditions:
or decrementing a value is fixed at 1,
1. If % is the selected bigger scnme polarity,
and the cursor position is also fixed.
and a low-level signal is applied to EXT TRIG
IN.
[MODIFYI [SIZE] Key in the value using the DATA 2. If5 is the selected trigger source, and a high-
keys, or change a given setting value level signal is applied to EXT TRIG IN, or if
with the MODIF? knob. You can the BNC jack is left disconnected.
specify the digit to be modified by To use only the MAN key as the trigger signal,
placing the cursor on the desired select EXT i&L (external) for the trigger smnce
digit using 4 orb. In addition, you (SOURCE key), and disconnect the cable from
can change the modify up/down in- the EXT TRIG IN BNC connector.
crement using the STEP SIZE key.
SOURCE (Trigger sources
[MODIFY]
Detailed Descriptions
This key allows you to select the bigger source,
which includes EXT/INT (external/internal)
Each front panel feature is described below. The circled and % /$ (falling edge/rising edge). Selecting
number to the left of each description corresponds to the EXT will enable front panel triggering through
appropriate number shown in Figure 3-1. the EXT TRIG IN BNC connector and the MAN
key. Selecting INT will enable the internal tigger
generator, the rate of which is programmed with
the INT RATE key.
POWER ON/OFF @+xuer switch) In the gate oscillation mode, x and 4 come-
spend togateonat fallingedgeandgateonatris-
POWER controls AC power to the Model 3930A. ing edge, respectively.
Press this switch mce to turn power on, and
press POWER a second time to turn power off.
INT RATE Unternal trigger rate)
[MODIFY] [SIZE]
The INT RATE key sets the rate of the internal
w Display trigger generator, which is enabled only for the
- gate and burst oscillation modes when the inter-
The two-line, 40-character display shows pa- nal trigger swrce is selected.
rameter values and other important information
during operation. An active display also indi- The normal method of setting this parameter is
cates that instrument power is turned on. to program the rate as a time period, and the al-
3-3
SECTION 3
Operation
lowed rate ranges from 0.001msec (lpsec) to function and sweep time. The paragraphs below
2,999.9sec. You can also set the rate as a fre- summarize the operation of these keys. Refer to
quency, in which case the allowed frequency the specifications located in Appendix B for de-
range is from 0.0004Hz to lOOO.OkHz. When the tails on the sweep range.
rate is programmed as a frequency, the actual
rate is set by rounding the reciprocal of the given Note that frequency parameters can also be set
frequency to the value closest to the allowed pe- using waveform period. See the discussion on
riod (the reciprocal is truncated to eliminate the
portion below the resoluiion). As a result, setting
the ENTRY keys ( 5
0
quency and period setting.
) for information on fre-
the rate as a frequency may result in significant
errors when the reciprocal of the frequency is
very small. For example, entering frequencies of
either lOOO.OkHz or 6OO.OOkHz results in a START FREQ (Start frequency)
O.OOlmsec period. [MODIFY] [SIZE1
The START FKEQ key allows you to set the start
frequency of the frequency sweep. You can spec-
BLJRST CYCLE (Number of burst cycles)
ify a start frequency that is either higher or lower
[MODIFY] KXZEI
than the stop frequency. The relationship be-
The BURST CYCLE key allows you to program tween the start and stop frequency values deter-
the number of burst cycles, which defines the mines the sweep direction. If the start frequency
number of waveform cycles generated in the is higher than the stop frequency, the sweep will
burst oscillation mode. The allowed range of set- be performed in a descending direction. If the
tings is from 1 cycle to 65,536 cycles. To use burst start frequency is lower than the stop frequency,
oscillation, select the burst oscillation mode with the sweep will be performed in the ascending di-
the MODE key. ECtiOll.
If the start frequency is changed, the sweep
PHASE Wart/stop phase) range will be determined by the new start fre-
[MODIFY] [SIZE] quency and the current stop frequency.
The PHASE key allows programming of the
start/stop phase setting for the burst or gate os-
STOP FREQ (Stop frequency)
cillation modes. The allowed phase range is from
[MODIFY] [SIZE]
-360.0" to 360.0" with 0.1" resolution.
The STOP FREQ key allows you to set the stop
When the Model 3930A is used with the optional
Model 3933A Phase Shifter to form a multiphase frequency of the frequency sweep. You can spec-
ify a stop frequency that is either higher or lower
oscillator, the phase setting is the phase offset for
the Model 3933A. than the start frequency. If the stop frequency is
higher than the start frequency, the sweep will
be performed in ascending order. If the stop fre-
quency is lower than the start frequency, the
NOTE
sweep will be performed in descending order.
In the burst or gate oscillation modes, oscilla-
tion may be unstable if the next trigger is ap- Ifthestopfrequencyischanged,thesweeprange
plied at approximately the same time the pre- will be determined by the new stop frequency
vious oscillation cycle ends. In this situation, and the current start frequency.
set the Model 3930A temporarily to another
oscillation mode, then return it to the desired
mode. Doing so willrestorenormal operation. CTR (Center frequency)
[MODIFY] [SIZE]
The CTR key allows setting of the center fre-
SWEEP (Frequency sweep keys)
quency of the frequency sweep. The center fre-
The various SWEEP keys are used to program quency is specified as the center frequency for
sweep functions such as start and stop fre- the linear scale, and is not the sweep time basis
quency, center and span frequencies, and sweep center frequency for LOG sweep.
3-4
SECTION 3
Oaeration
The relationship between the current start and With the step sweep function, the output fre-
stop frequency values determines the sweep di- quency simply changes between the start fre-
rection. If the center frequency is changed, the quency and stop frequency at intervals deter-
start and stop frequencies will be changed, but mined by the sweep time. With the linear and log
the span frequency will remain constant, and the functions, the frequency increases or decreases
sweep direction will remain unchanged. linearly or logaxithmically, respectively.
SWEEP TIM!2 iSweep time)
[MODIFY] [SIZE]
The SWEEP TIME key allows you to set the
sweep time, which is the time period from the
The CTR4 key substitutes the marker frequency start frequency to the stop frequency. The al-
for the center frequency. The span frequency is lowed sweep time range is from 5msec to
affected in the same manner as when using the 9,999sec. For log sweeps, the minimum sweep
center frequency setting. If the substituted time is 5.16msec per decade.
marker frequency is different than the center fre-
quency, the start and stop frequencies will
change accordingly.
SWEEP OPR (Sweep Operation)
SPAN (Frequency span) SlNGL START (Single start: singie-sweep stortJ
[MODIFY] [SIZE]
This key starts a single sweep. Only one sweep
This key allows you to set the frequency span of per key press will be generated.
the frequency sweep. The relationship between
the start and stop frequency values determines
the sweep direction. If the frequency span is CONT START (Continuous start: repeated sweep
changed, the start and stop frequencies will be start)
changed so that the sweep range is determined [SHIFT]
by the new frequency span and the current cen-
ter frequency, which will not change. This key starts repeated sweeps, which will be
generated continuously until halted with the
HOLD or SWEEP OFF keys.
MKR (Markerfrequency)
[SHIFT], [MODIFY] [SIZE] SWEEP OFF (Sweep ofl
This key alkws you to set the marker frequency SWEEP OFF cancels the sweep mode. The oscii-
of the frequency sweep. Note that you can spec- lation frequency remains at the current fre-
ify only one marker frequency. While the oscilla- quency when this key is pressed, and the MKR
tion frequency is higher than the programmed OUT, SWEEP SYNC OUT, and X DRIVE OUT
marker frequency during a sweep, the marker signals on the rear panel are set to high level,
output signal available at the rear panel MKR high level and OV, respectively.
OUT jack will be set low. The marker output sig-
nal will be set high at all other times.
START STATE Gtart state: start fre9uency output)
This key resets the sweep and sets the output fre-
SWEEP FCTN &ueep function) quency to the start frequency.
[MODIFY]
When START STATE is pressed, the MKR OUT
The SWEEP FCTN key allows you to select the and SWEEP SYNC OUT signals on the rear pane1
sweep function. Available sweep functions in- are set high. The X DRIVE OUT signal is set to OV
clude: step (I,, linear triangular wave and saw- when the start frequency is lower than the stop
toothwave (A cd 1,and log triangular wave frequency; the X DRIVE OUT signal is set to 1OV
or sawtooth wave (A orA 1. when the start frequency is higher than the stop
3-5
SECTION 3
frequency. These signals can be used for scale ad- lowedrangeforperiodunitsisfrom0.00084msec
justments of XY recorders. to lO,OOO.Osec (1,ZOOkHz limit)