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Quartz Crystal Microbalance References
Books and Review Articles
1. D.S. Ballantine et. al., "Acoustic Wave Sensors-Theory, Design, and Physico-
Chemical Applications", Academic Press, 1996.
2. C. Lu and A.W. Czanderna, in "Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal
Microbalances", Czanderna and Lu (Eds.) Elsevier, New York, 1984.
3. C. K. O'Sullivan and G.G. Guilbault, "Commercial Quartz Crystal Microbalances-
Theory and Applications", Biosensors and Bioelectronics 14(1999) 663.
4. Celia Henry, "Measuring the Masses: Quartz Crystal Microbalances", Anal Chem.,
News and Features, Oct 1996, p. 625A.Note: Original product review by the editors
of Analytical Chemistry, covers the QCM commercial offerings
5. Judith Handley, "Quartz Crystal Microbalances" Some New Innovations Stand
Alongside the Standard, reliable workhorse", Anal Chem., April 2001, 225A. Note:
An updated product review from the editorial team of Anal. Chem. Journal.
6. Daniel A. Buttry and Michael Ward, "Measurement of Interfacial Processes at
Electrode Surfaces with the electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance", Chem.
Reviews 92(6) (1922) 1355-1379. Note: This is one of the best review articles written
on the subject of EQCMs. The theory is clearly explained, and the limitations of the
technique and the current understanding are presented. Everybody in the field must
read this paper!
7. Stephen Martin, "Closing Remarks", Faraday Discuss 107(1997)463. Note: This is an
excellent review of the QCM technology and theory as of 1997. It includes sections
on: measurement techniques, modern devices, models and unsolved problems. The
surface roughness issue is also discussed. S. Martin is one of the leaders in the field-
read everything he writes.
8. A. R. Hillman, "The QCM in Electrochemistry", Electrochimica Acta (Special Issue)
45(22 & 23), 304 pages, year 2000. Note: A special issue dedicated to the EQCM.
9. Faraday Discussions, volume 107, 1997. Excellent compilation of articles by several
leaders in the field including Stephen Martin, K.K. Kanazawa, Johannsmann,
Hauptmann, etc. A must read for QCM practitioners.
10. Cass, T. & Ligles, F.S., "Immobilized Biomolecules in Analysis - A Practical
Approach", Oxford University Press 1998; ISBN 0 19 963636 2.
Theoretical Models
1. C. E. Reed, K. Keiji Kanazawa, and J. H. Kaufman, "Physical description of
viscoelastically loaded AT-cut quartz resonator", J. Appl. Phys. 68(5)(1990)1993.
2. R A Crane and G Fischer, "Analysis of a quartz crystal microbalance with coatings
of finite viscosity " J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 12 No 12 (14 December 1979) 2019-2026
3. E. Benes et. al., "Vibration modes of mass-loaded plano-convex quartz crystal
resonators", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90(2) (1991) 700.
4. H. Nowotny et. al., "Layered piezoelectric resonators with an arbitrary number of
electrodes (general one-dimensional treatment), J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90(3) (1991)
1238.
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5. T. W. Schneider and S. J. Martin, "Influence of compressional wave generation on a
thickness shear mode resonator response in a fluid", Anal. Chem. 67 (1995) 3324.
Note: Acoustic interferometry was performed with TSM resonators to investigate the
effect of compressional wave generation on the response (frequency and damping).
The results indicate that even in semi-infinite liquids, compressional wave generation
contributes significantly to device damping (motional resistance) but not to frequency
shift.
6. K. Keiji Kanazawa, "Mechanical behavior of films on the quartz microbalance",
Faraday Discuss. 107 (1997) 77-90
7. Helen L. Bandey, Stephen Martin, Richard Cernozek and A. R. Hillman, "Modeling
the response of thickness-shear mode resonators under various loading conditions",
Anal. Chem. 71 (1999) 2205. Note: This "equivalent-circuit" model incorporates a
diverse set of simple component loadings including rigid solids, viscoelastic media
and fluids. It also allows for any number of those components to be combined in any
configuration.
8. D. Johannsmann, "Viscoelastic Analysis of Organic Thin Films on Quartz
Resonators", Macromol. Chem. Phys. 200(1999) 501. Note: This article presents a
way to calculate the viscoelastic coefficients of coatings by analyzing the frequency
shifts and bandwidths of coated quartz resonators.
9. S. Martin, H. Bandey , R. Cernozek, A. R. Hillman and M.J. Brown, "Equivalent-
circuit model for the thickness-shear mode resonator with a viscoelastic film near film
resonance", Anal Chem. 72(2000) 141. Note: An equivalent-circuit model for
viscoelastic films which leads to a simple graphical interpretation of the coupling
between the quartz and film resonances and facilitates understanding of the resulting
responses.
10. Ralf Lucklum, Peter Hauptmann, "The f