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Fli;- HEWLETT
.:~ PACKARD
RTE-A
Utilities Manual
SCSI Update
Measurement and Control Systems Division
11000 Wolfe Road
Cupertino, CA 95014
Manual Part No. 12016-90003 Printed in U.S.A. September, 1991
SCSI U0991 SCSI Update
NOTICE
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
HEWLElT-PACKARD MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGABD TO THE MATERIAL,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MI:RCHANTABIUTY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors
contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the fumishing,
performance, or use of this material.
Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equip-
ment that is not fumished by Hewlett-Packard.
This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyriight. All rights are
reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another
language without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company.
RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Govemment is subject to restrictions ias set forth in
subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at
DFARs 252.227.7013
Copyright @ 1990,1991 by HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY
2
Printing History
The Printing History below identifies the edition of this manual and any updates that are included. Periodi-
cally, update packages are distributed which contain replacement pages to be merged into the manual, in-
cluding an updated copy of this printing history page. Also, the update may contain write-in instructions.
Each reprinting of this manual will incorporate all past updates; however, no new information will be added.
Thus, the reprinted copy will be identical in content to prior printings of the same edition with its user-inserted
update information. New editions of this manual will contain new information, as well as all updates.
To determine what manual edition and update is compatible with your current software revision code, referto
the Manual Numbering File or the Computer User's Documentation Index. (The Manual Numbering File is
included with your software. It consists of an "M" followed by a five digit product number.)
Second Edition ............... Jul 1983 ................................. .
Update 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Dec 1983 . . . . . .. Update TF, File System Utilities-
Update 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . .. Update and Add utilities
Reprint ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jun 1984 ............ Update 1 & 2 Incorporated
Update 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 1985 .................................. .
Reprint ...................... Jan 1985 ................ Update 3 Incorporated
Update 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jul 1985 ............. Add FORMA and ERTISH
Reprint ...................... Jul 1985 ................ Update 4 Incorporated
Update 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 1986 .................................. .
Reprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan 1986 .................................. .
Update 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Oct 1986 ........................... Add FST
Reprint ...................... Oct 1986 ................ Update 6 Incorporated
Third Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug 1987 ....... Rev. 5000 (Software Update 5.0)
Fourth Edition ................ Jan, 1989 .......................... Rev. 5010
Update 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July, 1990 .......................... Rev. 5020
SCSI Update 1 ............. July,1990 ........................... Rev. 5020
SCSI Update 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sep, 1991 .......................... Rev. 5025
3/4
2
Backup and File Interchange Utilities
RTE-A provides several utilities for file and disc backup and for file interchange with
other Hewlett-Packard and non-Hewlett-Packard systems. This chapter discusses these
utilities and their relationships to each other and suggests their most effective use.
Backup Utilities
You may use several utilities to back up and verify data from a disc drive to a tape drive
(either magnetic tape or CS/80 cartridge tape). Backup utilities include FST, TF, FC,
ASAVE/ARSTR, COPYL, and PBY.
RTE-A supports two modes of backup, file backup and physical disc image backup.
Table 2-1 shows the utilities used for each mode.
Table 2-1. Disc Backup Utilities
File Backup Physical Image Backup
from Disc from Disc
to Cartridge Tape FST, TF, FC ASAVE/ARSTR
to Magnetic Tape FST, TF, FC ASAVE/ARSTR
to Disc CI, FST COPYL
File backup allows on-line backup and restoration to and from discs. It allows selective
file backup and selective file restore from a larger backup. Selective file backup can be
relatively fast, since you need not back up the entire disc LV. However, you may find
that total file backup of a full disc is slower than physical image backup, due to the file
system overhead. In addition, off-line restoration is not possible, since file backup
requires a functioning, disc-based operating system.
Physical backup allows off-line restoration and, in the case of a total disc backup, is
faster than file backup. However, you cannot restore files selectively using physical
backup but must restore the entire disc, which wipes out any previous contents.
SCSI Update Backup and Interchange Utilities 2-1
FST and TF are used to back up files from disc to tape and restore files from tape to
disc (some restrictions apply to FMGR files). These utilities support incremental
backups of just those files that were modified, and they allow you to append new
backups to old backups. FST is faster than TF and supports streaming on streaming
tape drives. FST can also be used to back up and restore files to and from archive files.
Refer to the individual sections in this chapter on FST and TF for a complete
description of each utility.
FC is used to back up files from disc to tape and restore files from tape to disc. Refer
to the section in this chapter on FC for a complete description of this utility.
ASAVE and ARSTR can be used to copy an RTE-A disc LV to magnetic tape or CS/80
cartridge tape, regardless of file structure. ASAVE lets you save to tape; ARSTR does
the restoration. ASAVE and ARSTR let you append new disc LV backups to previous
backups and can be used in a memory image system for off-line restores and saves. See
Chapter 3 for a complete description of the ASAVE and ARSTR utilities.
COPYL can be used to copy the data on one disc LV to another disc LV of similar
type, regardless of file structure. See Chapter 3 for a complete description of the
COPYL utility.
All of the above utilities support a Verify option that lets you check that data was
properly saved.
UP is used primarily to interchange files between Hewlett-Packard systems but can also
provide file backup. Refer to the section in this chapter on UP for a complete
description of this utility.
PBV is used to verify a "pushbutton" save or restore. Many CS/80 discs include an
integrated cartridge tape drive that provides a front panel save and restore function
(called a "pushbutton" save and restore), which you can use to save or restore an entire
disc unit to/from a CS/80 cartridge tape. Although these CS/80 hardware functions do
not have media-to-media verify, you can use PBV, which can be loaded from CS/80
cartridge tape or magnetic tape, to verify the pushbutton save or restore.
CI is the RTE-A command interpreter and can be used to copy files on disc. See the
RTE-A User's Manual (part number 92077-90002) for a complete description of CI.
2-2 Backup and Interchange UtllHles SCSI Update
File Interchange on RTE-A
You can use the FST, TF, Fe, and LIF utilities to interchange files between RTE
systems (RTE- A, RTE-61VM, RTE-XL and RTE-NB), other Hewlett-Packard systems,
and UNIX-based systems. These utilities support a Verify option to ensure the validity
of data copied. Table 2-2 shows which utilities to use to move data between systems.
The table indicates which utilities are recommended for copying and restoring files
from/to a system. For example, "FCITF" means that FC is recommended for copying
files from one system (the source), and TF is recommended for restoring files to the
other system (the destination).
Table 2-2. File Interchange UtilHles
~
RTE-A or RTE-A or RTE-XL
From ystem RTE-6NM (5) RTE-6NM (5) RTE-IVe (4) UNIX
System CI files FMGR files
RTE-A or
RTE-6NM(5)
CI Files
FST/FST FST/FST N/A FST/TAR
(3) I
RTE-A or
RTE-6NM(5) (2)(3)
FMGR files FST/FST FST/FST FC/FC FST/TAR I
RTE-XL
RTE-IV8(4) N/A FC/TF FC/FC N/A
(3) (1)(3)
UNIX TAR/FST TAR/FST N/A
- I
Notes:
(1) Filenames truncated to 6 characters, time stamps lost
(2) Restrictions on use with FMGR files (see TF/FSl)
(3) UNIX compatibility restrictions (see TF/FSl) I
(4) No CS/80 CTO support
(5) Revision 2540 or later
SCSI Update Backup and Interchange UtilHies 2-3
File Storage to Tape (FST)
FST is a high performance, logical (file-by-file) backup utility. It copies files faster than
TF and FC because of its streaming capability. It also performs faster than TF and FC
on tape units that do not support streaming. FST supports backups and restores to and
I from magnetic tape, CS/80 cartridge tape drives, and archive files on disc.
FST reads files from and writes files to both CI volumes and FMG]~ cartridges. FST
does not, however, back up type 0 files. This utility saves files with all the needed extent
information so that you can restore them to their original layout, if desired. FST
replaces reserved characters in FMGR filenames (for example, ".", "/", or "@") with
non-reserved characters, and sends a message to the terminal or log device/file when it
renames a file.
A virtual memory scheme, using a scratch file, lets you save or restore a virtually
unlimited number of files. The only restriction is imposed by the aJDOunt of available
disc space where the scratch file exists. Any overflow of the scratch file is reported
before the files are saved. You may decide where to locate the scratch file.
FST uses a two-pass approach to its backup and restore process. First, you select the
files to back up or restore. The selected filenames and some other file information are
kept in a directory file on the disc. During this first pass, you can add files, remove files,
and list filenames in the directory file. You may also perform other functions, such as
setting the log device/file or changing the selected tape LV.
The second pass begins after you select all the desired files and set :all the other
backup/restore parameters. During this pass, the files you selected and the directory file
itself are transferred between tape and disc. Filenames and file masks for FST
commands conform to FMP standards.
You can use multiple reels for large backups that require more than a single tape. Since
a file can cross tape boundaries, files that are larger than an entire tape and multiple
files that require more than one tape can be handled.
Each archive created by FST contains a header, an optional comment file, and a
directory file, followed by the files saved from disc. A file header irnmediately precedes
each saved file.
You may run FST interactively or programmatically. Parameters in the command string
determine the mode. Interactive and programmatic mode are discussed in the following
sections.
2-4 Backup and Interchange UtllHies SCSI Update
Calling FST
You may run FST programmatically by entering all the desired commands in the
runstring. When FST executes all the commands, or an unrecoverable error occurs, FST
exits. The maximum length of the runstring is the limit imposed by CI, 256 characters. .
Separate commands in the runstring by a vertical bar (I). You must rename files used in
the runstring if their names contain a vertical bar.
FST aborts if an error occurs in programmatic mode. If FST ends abnormally, the error
is indicated by a ",-I" in the first return parameter kept by CI and FMGR.
In the following example, all the files in the working directory are backed up to LV 8
with the Verify option selected:
CI> fst ba @Iverifylmt algo
If you do not enter any commands in the FST runstring, FST assumes you are using
interactive mode. Commands are entered at the FST> prompt. FST executes each
command before prompting for the next one, and continues to prompt for commands
until you enter the EXIT command, as follows:
CI> fst
FST>
FST>
FST> ~
CI>
You may enter just the first two characters of a command, or up to the whole name; for
example, EX, EXI, and EXIT all cause FST to exit.
To specify more than one command on a line, separate the commands by a vertical bar
( I) as follows:
CI> fst
FST> I I ... I
FST>
When FST exits normally, the $RETURN parameters are set as follows:
$RETURN1 = Number of errors encountered during the last save/restore pass.
$RETURN2 = Number of verify errors during the last verify pass.
$ RETURN 3 = Number of warnings generated during the last pass.
$RETURN4 = Number of files saved.
$RETURN 5 = Number of files restored.
SCSI Update Backup and Interchange Utilities 2-5
FST Commands
Table 2-3 summarizes the FST executable commands.
Table 2-3. FST Commands Summary
Commands Description
Information Commands
HElp (or?) Provide a summary of commands and
syntaxes.
SHow Display the OF, MT, TI, SC, LL, and option
settings.
Backup/Restore and Related Commands
BAckup mask Select files to back up.
DF Directory Files file desc Specify a non-default directory file.
GO Begin Backup/Restore Begin executing backup/relstore.
REstore mask Select files to restore.
SC Select Comment File filename Select the tape's comment file (backup only).
TA UNIX TAR Format Select UNIX TAR archive format.
Title title Specify a title for the archive (backup only).
UNselect mask Unselect files.
Listing Commands
DL Directory List mask Display the archive's directory file.
LC List Comment File List the archive's commen1t file.
LH List Header List the archive's header.
List Selected Files mask List the files selected for backup/restore.
LL Select Log Device/Files device/file Set log device or file for F8T activities.
LN List Non-Selected Files mask List the non-selected files (restore only).
Tape LU Control Commands
MT Specify Tape LU tape_LUI Set the magnetic tape LU ()r archive file.
I or archive file
NExt
file name
append_# Advance the tape to anothl3r append.
POSition append_# Position the tape to a specific append.
PRevious append_# Rewind the tape to a previous append.
SD Set Tape Density density Set the tape density (HP 7~~74/7978 only).
SEcure Lock the tape LU and check the tape status or
open archive and check thle file's status.
li'ansfer and ExIt Commands
EXit Exit FST.
RUn program Run an extemal program.
TR Transfer to filename Begin executing a transfer file.
Command File
/ Command Stack Display the command stack.
2-6 Backup and Interchange Utilities SCSI Update
Command Stack (I)
Purpose: Displays the FST command stack.
Syntax: / [n]
n The optional command line count that specifies the number of
command lines from the last command entered to be displayed.
Description:
FST uses the RTE standard command stack, which supports finds, page movement, line
marking, and various other operations. For a full description, refer to the online help
by typing "? stack" from CI.
Backup (BA)
Purpose: Selects a file or group of files to back up from disc.
Syntax: BA mask [dest_mask] [sec_code]
mask The file or group of files to be backed up from disc. (This can
be a disc LV number.)
dest_mask The optional mask that changes the characteristics of the files
(for example, the pathname and file type extension) as they are
saved on the archive.
sec code The system master security code.
Description:
To save FMGR files with security codes, specify each file with its individual security
code, or enter the system master security code with the mask.
You may execute BA as many times as desired before you start the data transfer to tape.
Note that you may not use both the BA and RE (Restore) commands when you select
files to transfer.
SCSI Update Backup and Interchange Utilities 2-7
Directory File (OF)
Purpose: Specifies the name and location of the directory file.
Syntax: DF file_desc
file desc The partial file descriptor that can include a pathname,
filename, and block size.
Description:
The file descriptor can specify any directory or FMGR cartridge thaLt is not
write-protected. FST uses the default pathname, filename, or size of the directory file if
you do not enter them. The default location of the directory file is the /SCRATCH
global directory. If /SCRATCH does not exist, FST creates a directory file on the first
available FMGR cartridge. The default filename is a unique filenanle created by the
FmpOpenScratch call. The default size is 500 blocks.
Each selected file requires a minimum of two blocks in the directory file. For large
backups that require more than 500 blocks for the directory file, extents are needed for
the directory file, and directory file access is slower. To avoid extents, specify the size of
the directory file.
Although FST creates a directory file if you do not, DF lets you create directory files for
a particular location, name or size. Note that DF can be used only when no files have
yet been selected using BA or RE. The following example specifies location, name and
size:
FST> DF /BigLU/FSTdirFile::::l0000
The next example just specifies the location:
FST> DF /LonelyDisc/
List Directory (DL)
Purpose: Lists the directory of files on the archive.
Syntax: DL [mask]
mask The optional mask that specifies a file or group of files in the
archive directory. (This can be a disc LV number).
Description:
The directory of the archive is displayed and logged to the user log device/file. If you
do not specify a mask, the entire directory on the archive is displayed; otherwise, only
those files in the archive directory that match the mask are displayed. DL does not
modify the list of selected files already obtained by the BA or RE commands.
2-8 Backup and Interchange UUUtles SCSI Update
Exit (EX)
Purpose: Exits FST.
Syntax: EX
Description:
This command returns you to the environment from which FST was run. (See the
section on "The Keep (K) Option" later in this chapter for information on exiting
without waiting for the tape to rewind.)
Begin Backup/Restore (GO)
Purpose: Begins the data transfers to or from the archive.
Syntax: GO
Description:
After you select all the files for the backup/restore, use GO to start the actual transfer
of the files.
Help (HE)
Purpose: Displays the command help information.
Syntax: HE [command]
or
? [command]
command Any FST command or option.
Description:
If you do not specify the optional command, general help information is displayed;
otherwise, information for the specified command or option is shown.
SCSI Update Backup and Interchange Utilities 2-9
List Comment File (LC)
Purpose: Lists the comment file of the archive.
Syntax: LC
Description:
The comment file from the archive is displayed and logged to the log device/file.
Ust Header (LH)
Purpose: Lists the archive header.
Syntax: LH
Description:
The archive header (format, title, and creation date) is displayed and logged to the log
device/file.
Ust Selected Files (LI)
Purpose: Displays all the files that were selected for backup/restore.
Syntax: LI [mask]
mask The optional mask that specifies a file or group of files in the
directory file to be displayed. (This can be a disc LV number.)
Description:
If you do not specify a mask, all selected files in the directory file are displayed and
logged to the log device/file. Otherwise, just those files that match the specified mask
are displayed and logged. Refer to the "Disc Directory File" section later in this chapter
for a description of the directory file.
2-10 Backup and Interchange Utilities SCSI Update
Select Log Device/File (LL)
Purpose: Changes or selects the log device/file.
Syntax: LL [a] [0]
device/file The device or file to which the output from the listing
commands and FST messages is routed.
a The option to append to the specified log file, if one exists.
o The option to overwrite the specified log file, if it exists.
Description:
Using a log file lets you check the file listings and FST messages following a
backup/restore. Specifying II 1 routes the output to your terminal.
List Non-Selected Files (LN) (Restore Only)
Purpose: Displays the non-selected files; that is, the files that are on the archive but
are not being restored to disc.
Syntax: LN [mask]
mask The optional mask that specifies a file or group of files on the
tape. (This can be a disc LU number.)
Description:
If you do not specify a mask, all non-selected files in the directory file are displayed and
logged to the log device/file. Otherwise, only those that match the mask are displayed
and logged. This command should be used only during a restore operation.
SCSI Update Backup and Interchange Utilities 2-11
Specify Tape LU / Archive File (MT)
Purpose: Selects the tape Logical Vnit (LV) number or an archive file name.
Syntax: MT [tape_LU I filename]
tape_LV The selected tape LV number.
filename The file descriptor of the archive file.
Description:
If you do not specify a tape LV, the current tape LV is set to O. If you specify an LV
other than a tape LV, an error is reported, and the LU value is set to O. If you specify
an LU other than the current tape LV and the current tape LU is locked by FST, FST
unlocks the current tape LV and may take it off-line before it selects the new LV.
Refer to the section on the Keep option later in this chapter for information on when
the tape LV is taken off-line.
If you specify an illegal tape LV or LV 0, you must use MT to set a legal tape LV
before you can execute a backup or restore operation.
If an archive file is specified instead of a tape LV, FST uses this archive file for backups
or restores. Archive files are type 1 files and the data can be in either FST format or
TAR format. Using an archive file with FST is essentially the same as using a tape. The
main difference is that the tape control commands NE, PO, PR andl SD are not
supported with archive files and the append feature is not supported.
Archive files in TAR format are written with a TAR blocking factor of 20.
Next (NE)
Purpose: Advances the tape to another append of data.
Syntax: NE [append_']
append_# The number of appends to move the tape forward.
Description:
If you do not enter an append number, the tape moves forward to the next append of
data. This lets you move the tape and examine various backups that were appended to
the tape. If the append number is larger than the number of remaining appends, the
tape is positioned at the last append.
2-12 Backup and Interchange Utilities SCSI Update
Position (PO)
Purpose: Positions the tape at a specific append.
Syntax: PO [append_#]
append_# The specific append number to which the tape is moved.
Description:
If you do not specify an append number, the current position is reported. The main
backup of the tape is position zero (0). The first append is position one (1), and so on.
If you specify an append number larger than the number of appends on the tape, the
tape is positioned at the last append.
Previous (PR)
Purpose: Rewinds the tape to a previous append of data.
Syntax: PR [append_ #]
append_# The number of appends to move the tape backward.
Description:
If you do not specify an append number, the tape is rewound to the previous append of
data. This lets you move the tape and examine various backups that were appended to
the tape. If you specify an append number that is larger than the number of previous
appends on the tape, the tape is positioned at the beginning of the tape.
SCSI Update Backup and Interchange Utilities 2