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Designing and Testing
cdma2000 Mobile Stations
Application Note 1358
Delay
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1 Basic Concepts of cdma2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
1.1 Spreading rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
1.2 Radio configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
1.3 Forward link air interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
1.4 Reverse link air interface -- HPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1.5 Forward link power control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1.6 Differences between cdma2000 and W-CDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2 Design and Measurement Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.1 Maximizing battery life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.1.1 CCDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
2.1.2 ACPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
2.2 Measuring modulation quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
2.2.1 QPSK EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
2.2.2 Composite rho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.2.3 Code domain power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
2.2.4 Symbol EVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
2.2.5 Symbol power versus time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
2.2.6 Demodulated bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
2.3 Measuring receiver performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
2.3.1 Performance tests at variable data rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
2.3.2 Quasi-orthogonal functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Appendix:
Agilent Solutions for cdma2000 MS Design and Test . . . . . . . .27
Acronym Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
2
Introduction
One of the technologies meeting the IMT-2000 requirements for a third
generation (3G) global wireless communications system is cdma2000, also
known as IS-20001. The Third-Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
wrote the specification for this wideband code division multiple access
(CDMA) system as a derivative of the IS-95-B CDMA system, also known as
cdmaOne. The 3GPP2 organizational partners are the Japanese Association
of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB), Telecommunication Technology
Committee (TTC), Telecommunications Industries Association (TIA), and
Korean Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA).
As the IS-2000 standards are finalized, the first mobile station designs are
being completed and tested. This application note describes mobile
station (MS) design and measurement issues at the physical layer (layer 1)
that may differ between cdma2000 and cdmaOne. Although it focuses on the
last stages of MS development, it is also useful for engineers working in the
early stages of manufacturing. The application note also provides a list of
Agilent Technologies' cdma2000 solutions for these topics.
This application note assumes that you are familiar with cdmaOne measure-
ments and technology basics. cdmaOne is used as a reference throughout this
application note. The main differences between cdmaOne and cdma2000 systems
and the corresponding design and measurement implications are highlighted.
For more information on cdmaOne measurements see [1].
This application note can be downloaded from the Agilent Technologies
Web site and printed locally from:
http://www.agilent.com/find/cdma2000 located under "Key Library Information".
1. IS-2000 is the Telecommunications Industries Association's (TIA's) standard for 3G technology
that is an evolution of cdmaOne technology. cdma2000, which is often used interchangeably with
IS-2000, is also used to refer to the access format and system.
3
1 Basic Concepts of cdma2000
The main advantages that cdma2000 offers over other IMT-2000 proposals
are backward compatibility with cdmaOne systems and a smooth migration
from second-generation (2G) cdmaOne systems to 3G. Figure 1 shows the
potential evolution path from cdmaOne to cdma2000 systems.
1995-2000 2000-2001 2001-?
cdmaOne cdma2000 cdma2000
(IS-95A) (IS-2000 Rel 0) (IS-2000-A)