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HIGH PERFORMANCE
LEVEL II COBOLTM
OPERATING GUIDE
Version 2.0
HIGH PERFORMANCE
LEVEL II COBOLTM
Operating Guide
(For use with the UNIXTM
Operating System)
Version 2.0
Micro Focus Ltd Issue 1
February 1984
i
COBOL is an industry language and is not the property of any company or
group of companies, or of any organization or group of organizations.
No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by any contributor or by the
CODASYL Programming Language Committee as to the accuracy and functioning of
the programming system and language. Moreover, no responsibility is assumed
by any contributor, or by the committee, in connection herewith.
The authors and copyright holders of the copyrighted material used herein:
FLOW-MATIC (Trademark for Sperry Rand Corporation) Programming for the
Univac I and II, Data Automation Systems copyrighted 1958, 1959, by
Sperry Rand Corporation; IBM Commercial Translator Form No. F28-8013,
copyrighted 1959 by IBM; FACT, DS 127 AS260-2760, copyrighted 1960 by
Minneapolis-Honeywell.
have specifically authorized the use of this material in whole or in part,
in the COBOL specifications. Such authorization extends to the reproduction
and use of COBOL specifications in programming manuals or similar
publications.
Micro Focus has made every effort to ensure that this manual is correct and
accurate, but reserves the right to make changes without notice at its sole
discretion at any time.
The software described ,in this document is supplied under a license and may
be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license, and in
particular any warranty of fitness of Micro Focus software products for any
particular purpose is expressly excluded and in no event will Micro Focus be
liable for any consequential loss.
Note that the following are registered trademarks:
LEVEL II COBOLTM (LEVEL II COBOL), FORMS-2TM (FORMS-2), and Ai\JIMATORTM
(ANIMATOR) are trademarks of 'Micro Focus.
UNIX is a trademark of Bell Laboratories.
DEC is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.
ADM-3A is a trademark of Lear Siegler, Inc.
DPPX is a trademark of the IBM Corporation.
IBM is a trademark of the IBM Corporation.
~COPYRIGHT 1984 by Micro Focus Ltd.
ii
LEVEL II COBOL OPERATING GUIDE
VERSION 2.0
AMENDMENT RECORD
Amendment
Number Dated Inserted by Signature Date
~
iii
PREFACE
This manual describes operating procedures for the UNIX resident releases of
the LEVEL II COBOL Version 2.0 compiler and Run-Time System (RTS).
The compiler converts LEVEL II COBOL source code into an intermediate code.
This intermediate code can then be interpreted by the Run-Time System.
Alternatively, the intermediate code can be converted by the native code
generator into the machine code for your processor. This native code can
then be run under the control of the Run-Time System.
This manual describes the steps needed to compile a program, generate native
code, and execute the intermediate or native code, including all necessary
linkage and run-time requirements. Operation of the run-time interactive
debug package is also described.
CONTENTS
This manual contains the following chapters and appendices:
"Chapter 1. Introduction", gives a general description of the LEVEL II
COBOL system and its input and output files, plus a step-by-step outline for
the compilation and execution of some sample interactive programs.
"Chapter 2. Compiler Controls", describes compiler commands, directives and
listing formats.
"Chapter 3. Native Code Generator Controls", describes native code
generator commands and directives.
"Chapter 4. Run-Time System Controls", gives general instructions for
running programs and console operation.
"Chapter 5. Interaction in Application Programs", describes in detail the
extended ACCEPT and DISPLAY facilities provided in LEVEL I I COBOL for easy
manipulation of data via the CRT.
"Chapter 6. Interactive Debugging", describes the use of the facilities
provided for interactive debugging.
"Chapter 7. MUlti-Language Call Facilities", describes the facilities
availab Ie to invoke other COBOL programs or programs written in other
languages from a main program.
"Chapter 8. LEVEL II Application Design Considerations", describes
segmentation (overlaying) and usage" of COMP data items in COBOL programs to
produce more efficient code.
"Chapter 9. File and Record Locking for Indexed Files", describes
multi-user file and record locking features for indexed files. A file
locking demonstration program, lockdemo.cbl, is also explained in detail.
iv
"Chapter 10. Terminal Configuration Considerations", describes how the
Run-Time System operates with various types of terminals.
"Chapter 11. Incorporating FORMS-2 Utility Program Output", describes the
use of output from the FORMS-2 screen formatting utility program.
"Appendix A. Summary of Compiler Directives", summarises the compiler
directives available for the LEVEL II COBOL compiler.
"Appendix B. Compile-Time Errors", lists the error numbers and
descriptions reported by the compiler at compile time.
"Appendix C. Summary of Native Code Generator Directives", summarises the
directives aVpilable for the native code generator.
"Appendix D. Code Generation Errors", lists the error numbers and
descriptions reported by the native code generator during code generation.
"Appendix E. Run-Time Errors", lists the error numbers and descriptions
reported by the Run-Time 'System during program execution.
"Appendix F. Operating System Errors", is a listing of the messages for
errors originating in the UNIX operating system.
"Appendix G. Interactive Debug Commands", summarises the commands that can
be used with the LEVEL II COBOL interactive debug option.
"Appendix H. Terminal Configuration Issues", describes how to add a new
type of terminal to the configuration file.
"Appendix I. UC Berkeley Termcap", contains the documentation from UC
Berkeley on the termcap terminal capability description file.
"Appendix J. LEVEL II COBOL in the UNIX Environment", summarises the
difference betweeen this LEVEL II COBOL implementation and others with which
you may be familiar.
"Appendix K. lockdemo Source Code", provides the source listing of
lockdemo.cbl, the record locking demonstration program, which is explained
in Chapter 9.
v
NOTATION IN THIS MANUAL
Throughout this manual, the following notation is used to describe the
format of data input or output:
1. When material is enclosed in square brackets ], it is an
indication that the material is an option which may be included
or omitted as required.
2. The symbol