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Installing, Using, and
Maintaining the BASIC 5.0 System
HP 9000 Series 200/300 Computers
HP Part Number 98613-90042
Flin- HEWLETT
a:~ PACKARD
Hewlett-Packard Company
3404 East Harmony Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80525
NOTICE
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
HEWLETT-PACKARD MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable
for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performarice,
or use of this material.
WARRANTY
A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett-Packard product and replacement parts can be obtained from your local
Sales and Service Office.
Copyright 1987 Hewlett-Packard Company
This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be
photocopied. reproduced or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard Company The information
contained in this document is subject to change without notice
Restricted Rtghts Legend
Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(B) of the Rights in Technical Data and
Software clause in DAR 7-104.9(a).
Use of this manual and flexible disc(s) or tape cartridge(s) supplied for this pack is restricted to this product only. Additional copies of the programs
can be made for security and back-up purposes only. Resale of the programs in their present form or with alterations, is expressly prohibited.
Copyright 1980.1984, AT&T, Inc.
Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, The Regents of the University of California.
This software and documentation is based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under license from the Regents of the University
of California
ii
Printing History
New editions of this manual will incorporate all material updated since the previous
edition. Update packages may be issued between editions and contain replacement and
additional pages to be merged into the manual by the user. Each updated page will be
indicated by a revision date at the bottom of the page. A vertical bar in the margin
indicates the changes on each page. Note that pages which are rearranged due to changes
on a previous page are not considered revised.
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The printing
date changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections and updates which are
incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change.) The manual part number
changes when extensive technical changes are incorporated.
February 1987 ... Edition 1
July 1987 ... Update
August 1987 ... Edition 2. Update merged.
9861390042, rev: 8/87 Printing History iii
iv Printing History
Table Of Contents
Chapter 1: Loading BASIC
Prerequisites ......................................................... 1-2
Using BASIC with HP-UX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-3
Using Softkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-5
Steps in Loading BASIC ............................................... 1-7
Step 1: Thrn the Computer Off ..................................... 1-7
Step 2: Thrn Your Disc Drive On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-8
Step 3: Find the System "DISC ONE" and White Card ................ 1-9
Step 4: Insert the "DISC ONE" into a Drive ........................ 1-10
Step 5: Thrn on the Monitor ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-13
(If Separate from the Computer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-13
Step 6: Thrn on the Computer, .................................... 1-14
and Hold Down the Space Bar (on the Keyboard) ............ 1-14
Step 7: Choose a System to Load .................................. 1-17
Step 8: Follow the Instructions on the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-18
Is BASIC Loaded and Ready for Use? ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-21
If Loading Fails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1-22
What To Do Next? .................................................. 1-22
Order of Devices Searched by the Boot ROM ............................ 1-23
Notes ............................................................... 1-24
Chapter 2: Verifying and Labeling Peripherals
Prerequisites ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-1
Overview of Using the VERIFY Utility .................................. 2-2
Capabilities of this Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-2
Loading and Running the Utility .................................... 2-2
Verifying and Labeling Mass Storage Devices ............................. 2-4
Example Volume Specifier .......................................... 2-4
Labeling Discs (Multiple Disc Drives) ............................... 2-5
Verifying HP-HIL Input Devices ....................................... 2-10
If the Verification Fails ........................................... 2-12
Verifying Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-13
Interfaces Recognized by the Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-13
Listing All Interfaces and Interface Drivers Currently Installed. . . . . . . .. 2-14
Other Interface Utilities .......................................... 2-16
Verifying and Labeling Printers ........................................ 2-17
Table Of Contents v
If the Printer Verification Fails .................................... 2-19
Verifying and Labeling Plotters ........................................ 2-20
If the Plotter Verification Fails .................................... 2-23
Verifying and Labeling HP-IB Graphics Tablets .......................... 2-24
If the HP-IB Graphics Tablet Verification Fails ...................... 2-27
What To Do Next .................................................... 2-28
Chapter 3: Mass Storage Concepts
Overview of Mass Storage Organization (or "What Are Files and Volumes?"). 3-2
Files Are Named Collections of Data ................................ 3-2
Volumes Are Collections of Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-3
Examples of Mass Storage Volumes ................................. 3-4
How to Specify Volumes ............................................... 3-6
Checking a Disc's Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-11
Hierarchical Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-12
What Is a Hierarchy? ............................................. 3-12
Uses of the Hierarchy: An Example ................................ 3-13
Referring to Directories and Files in the Hierarchy ................... 3-14
Choosing a Directory Format .......................................... 3-15
Criteria for Choosing a Directory Format ........................... 3-16
Hard Disc Partitioning (Unit and Volume Numbers) ...................... 3-18
Fixed Partitioning (BASIC Unit Numbers) .......................... 3-18
Switch-Selectable Partitioning (BASIC Volume Numbers) ............. 3-19
Logical Partitioning (Pascal System "Unit Table") ................... 3-20
What Is Initialization? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-21
Disc Sectors ................................................. , , , , , , " 3-23
Sector/Volume Size Option ........................................ 3-23
Disc Interleave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-24
What to Do Next .................................................... 3-26
Formatting Flexible Discs (Condensed Procedure) ........................ 3-27
Formatting Flexible Discs (Detailed Procedure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-28
Step 1: Do You Need to Format? .................................. 3-28
Step 2: Write-Enabling a Flexible Disc ............................. 3-30
Step 3: Formatting a Disc (Using INITIALIZE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-33
Step 4: Verify the Format ......................................... 3-36
Step 5: Using COpy to Make Back-Ups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-37
Copying Discs with Two Drives .................................... 3-37
Step 6: Create Working Flexible Disc(s) ............................ 3-43
What To Do Next. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-44
vi Table Of Contents
Chapter 4: Preparing Flexible Discs
Prerequisites ......................................................... 4-2
Formatting Flexible Discs (Condensed Procedure) ....................... " 4-3
Formatting Flexible Discs (Detailed Procedure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-4
Step 1: Do You Need to Format? ................................... 4-4
Step 2: Write-Enabling a Flexible Disc .............................. 4-6
Step 3: Formatting a Disc (Using INITIALIZE) ..................... " 4-9
Step 4: Verify the Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-12
Step 5: Using COpy to Make Back-Ups ................... , ........ 4-13
Copying Discs with Two Drives .................................... 4-13
Step 6: Create Working Flexible Disc(s) ............................ 4-19
What To Do Next. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-20
Chapter 5: Putting BASIC on a Hard Disc
O. Install Other Operating System ...................................... 5-3
There is Always an Exception ...................................... 5-3
Where to Find Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-3
Next Step ....................................................... , 5-3
1. Backing Up the Current System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-4
Select the Backup Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-4
Loading the BACKUP Utility ...................................... 5-4
Problems ........................................................ 5-6
2. Formatting a Hard Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-7
Step 1: Load and Run the System Disc Utility ........................ 5-8
Step 5: Verify the Format ......................................... 5-11
3. Storing the System and Binaries ..................................... 5-12
Using the System Disc Utility ..................................... 5-13
4. Create directories (optional) ........................................ 5-18
5. Restore the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5-19
Formatting with INITIALIZE ......................................... 5-22
6. What To Do Next .................. " ... , ......................... 5-26
Chapter 6: Putting BASIC on the SRM
Prerequisites ......................................................... 6-2
Is the SRM Set Up? .................................................. , 6-3
Store the System and Binaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-4
Prerequisites ..................................................... 6-4
Is There Room on the SRM for BASIC? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-4
Using the "System Disc" Utility .................................... 6-5
Verifying the Stored System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-7
What to Do Next .................................................... , 6-9
Notes ............................................................... 6-10
Table Of Contents vii
Chapter 7: Language Extensions, Drivers, and Configuration
BASIC System Components ............................................ 7-2
Overview of Components .......................................... 7-3
Determining When to Re-Configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-4
Determining Your Current Configuration ............................ 7-4
Which Binaries Do You Need? .................... , . , , .............. 7-5
Methods of Creating a Custom Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-15
Recommendations for Choosing a Method ........................... 7-15
Creating a Custom System File ........................................ 7-17
Condensed Procedure ............................................ 7-17
Step 1: Deleting Binaries ......................................... 7-18
Step 2: Loading Binaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-19
Step 3: Storing Your Customized BASIC System ..................... 7-22
Step 4: Booting Your New Custom System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-23
Autostart Files .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-24
An Example Autostart Program ......................... , . , .. , , , ., 7-24
Booting BASIC with the Preceding Example AUTOST File ........... 7-25
A Closer Look at the BASIC Booting Process ........................... 7-26
What to Do Next. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 7-27
Chapter 8: Introduction to the System
Using the Keyboard ............................. , ..................... 8-2
What Can )TOU Do at the Keyboard? ................................ 8-3
Performing Calculations at the Keyboard ............................ 8-3
Typing and Executing Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8-3
Using Typing-Aid Softkeys (Required KBD Binary) ................... 8-7
What State Is the System In? ......................................... 8-11
Is a Program Running? ........................................... 8-11
Is Thrrr a BASIC' Program in Memory? ............................ 8-16
Determining Current System Devices and Binaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8-17
Re-Defining Typing-Aid Soft keys ...................................... 8-19
KBD Binary Is Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8-19
Examples of Re-Defining Typing-Aid Softkeys ....................... 8-19
Saftkey Lahels ....... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Memory Available for Typing-Aid Definitions ........................ 8-22
Listing the Current Typing-Aid Definitions .......................... 8-22
Typing-Aid Soft key Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8-23
Restoring Power-Up Typing-Aid Definitions ......................... 8-23
Drfining Typing-Aid Soft keys Programmatically .................... , 8-23
Clearing the Computer ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8-24
What to Do Next. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8-25
viii Table Of Contents
Chapter 9: Loading and Running Programs
A Brief Look at Loading and Running Programs .......................... 9-2
A Closer Look at Loading Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9-5
Using LOAD ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9-5
Using GET ....................................................... 9-6
A Closer Look at Running Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9-8
Prerun .......................................................... 9-8
Normal Program Execution ........................................ 9-9
Non-Executed Statements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9-10
Live Keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9-10
What to Do Next .................................................... 9-19
Chapter 10: Using Directories and Files
Finding and Specifying Files .......................................... 10-2
Is the File on the Default Volume? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-2
Directory, File, and Volume Specifiers .............................. 10-4
Changing the Default Volume and Current Working Directory. . . . . . . .. 10-7
Creating and Using Hierarchical Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-8
Example Hierarchy ............................................... 10-8
Changing the Default Volume ..................................... 10-8
Adding Another Directory ........................................ 10-9
A Closer Look at Hierarchical Directory Capabilities ................ 10-12
How SRM and HFS Directories and Files Are Stored ................ 10-12
A Closer Look at File Catalogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-14
General File Management Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-21
Closed vs. Open Files and Hierarchical Director:es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-21
Protecting Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-21
Copying Files and Volumes ....................................... 10-32
Renaming Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-34
Purging Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-35
Volume Labels (LIF and HFS Volumes Only) ....................... 10-41
Enabling Checkread Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10-42
What to Do Next ................................................... 10-43
Chapter 11: Editing and Storing Programs
A Brief Look at Entering and Storing Programs ......................... 11-2
Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-2
Getting into EDIT Mode ......................................... 11-4
Entering Program Lines .......................................... 11-5
Correcting Typing Mistakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-6
Storing the Line ................................................. 11-6
Uppercase or Lowercase Letters? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-7
Table Of Contents ix
Keys Used for Editing the Current Line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-8
Keys Used for Scrolling the Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-10
Inserting Lines ................................................. 11-11
Deleting and Recalling Lines ..................................... 11-12
Copying Lines (By Changing Line Numbers) ....................... 11-13
Getting Out of EDIT Mode ...................................... 11-13
Listing the Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-14
Storing the Program ............................................ 11-14
Running the Program .......................................... , 11-14
A Closer Look at Editing ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-15
~1ore Details about Getting into EDIT Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-15
Typing-Aid Soft key Menu Changes (ITF Keyboards Only) ........... 11-16
A Closer Look at Listing a Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-17
Global Editing Operations ....................................... 11-19
Indenting a Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-20
Finding Textual Patterns ........................................ 11-23
Search-and-Replace Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-25
Copying Program Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-26
Moving Program Segments ....................................... 11-26
Deleting Multiple Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-27
Making Programs Readable .......................................... 11-28
Contrast Between Documented and Undocumented Programs ........ 11-29
General Recommendations for Commenting Programs ............... 11-31
Software Security ................................................... 11-32
Preventing Programs from Being Listed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-32
Other Security Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-33
A Closer Look at Storing Programs ................................... 11-34
Using STORE .................................................. 11-35
Using SAVE .................................................... 11-35
What to Do Next. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11-1
Chapter 12: Overview
Prerequisites ........................................................ 12-1
Conventions for Using Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12-2
Choosing the Back-Up Media .......................................... 12-3
Backing Up Files .................................................... 12-3
Chapter 13: Using COpy for Back-Ups
Procedure 1: Copying With Two Drives ................................ 13-1
STEP 2: Inserting the Source and Destination Discs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13-2
STEP 3: Copying a Disc or File ................................... 13-3
STEP 4: Verifying the COPY ..................................... 13-3
x Table Of Contents
STEP 5: Repeating the COpy Procedure ........................... 13-4
Procedure 2: Copying With One Drive ................................. 13-5
STEP 1: Creating the Memory Volume ............................. 13-5
STEP 2: Write Protecting and Inserting the Source Disc. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13-5
STEP 3: Copying to the Memory Volume ........................... 13-6
STEP 4: Copying from Memory to the Destination Disc .............. 13-6
STEP 5: Verifying the COPY ..................................... 13-7
STEP 6: Repeating the COpy Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13-7
Chapter 14: Using the BACKUP Utility
Loading the BACKUP Utility ......................................... 14-2
BACKUP /RESTORE Menu of Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-3
Wildcard Names and Specifiers ........................................ 14-4
Using BACKUP Utility Options ....................................... 14-5
Backup selected files Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-5
Backup files modified since a particular date Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-6
Restore all files Option ........................................... 14-8
Restore selected files Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14-11
Catalog backup media Option .................................... 14-15
Exit the BACKUP Utility Option ................................. 14-17
Chapter 15: HFS Consistency Checks
Why Run an HFSCK? ............................................... 15-2
How Often Should an HFSCK Be Run? ................................. 15-2
An Essential Prerequisite ............................................. 15-3
How to Do an HFSCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-5
Choosing the "Check Consistency" Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-5
Choosing the Volume to Check .................................... 15-6
Choosing the Mode .............................................. 15-6
Specifying an Alternate Superblock ................................ 15-8
Phases of the Consistency Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-9
What If the Check Was Successful? ................................ 15-9
Determining Free (Unused) Disc Space ............................. 15-9
Consistency Check Confirmation Requests ............................. 15-10
Automatic Yes for Normal Confirmation ........................... 15-10
Initialization Phase Errors ....................................... 15-11
Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-13
Phase 2 - Check Pathnames ...................................... 15-17
Phase 3 - Check Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-21
Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts ................................ 15-21
Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-23
Phase 6 - Salvage Cylinder Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-24
Table Of Contents xi
Post Phases Cleanup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15-24
Chapter 16: HFS File System Implementation
Disc Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-3
Boot Area ...................................................... 16-4
Cylinder Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-4
Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-9
Allocation Methods ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-11
Updating the HFS File System ....................................... 16-12
Maintaining Your File System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-13
Corruption of the File System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-13
Hardware Failure ............................................... 16-13
Detection and Correction of Corruption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-14
SuperBlock Consistency ......................................... 16-14
Inodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-15
Uncorrectable File System Corruption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16-19
Chapter 17: Other Maintenance Tasks
What to Do Next. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17-2
Chapter 18: BASIC Utilities Library
Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-1
Prerequisites and Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-2
Necessary Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-2
Notes for BASIC 5.0 and HFS Files ................................ 18-2
Organization of Topics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-3
Conventions for Using Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-4
System Requirements for Utilities ..................................... , 18-5
CSUBs Can Be Utilities .............................................. 18-5
Why Have a Utilities Library? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-6
The Two Levels of Documentation .................................... , 18-6
Brief Descriptions of Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-7
(CAT) Catalog Subprogram ....................................... 18-7
(MASS_STOR) Mass Storage Program ............................. 18-7
(DUMP) Formatted Record Dump ................................ , 18-8
(INFO) Directory Information Subprogram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-8
(CREATE) Create File Subprogram ............................... , 18-9
(INITIALIZE) Extended Mass Storage Media Initialize. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-9
(VERIFY _LIF) Verify Logical Interchange Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-9
(CBACKUP) Complete Disc Backup ............................... 18-9
(FBACKUP) Selective File Backup ............................... , 18-10
(TAPEBACKUP) CS/80 Tape Backup ............................ 18-10
xii Table Of Contents
(PHYREC) Physical Record CSUB ............................... 18-10
(LISTER) List Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-11
(82905DUMP) Dump Graphics Subprogram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-11
(GDUMP _R) Rotated Dump Graphics Utility ..................... , 18-11
(BPLOT) Raster Store and Load Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-11
(LEX_AID) Creating a Lexical Order Table ........................ 18-12
The Status Utility Programs ..................................... 18-12
(MEM_UTILS) Memory Utilities ................................. 18-12
(FONT _ED) Font Editor ........................................ 18-13
(DISC_UTIL) Disc Utility ....................................... 18-13
(MKHFS) Make Hierarchial File System ........................... 18-13
(HFSCK) Hierarchial File System Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-13
(BACKUP /RESTORE) Backup and Restore Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-13
(VERIFY) Verify and Labeling Peripherals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-13
Detailed Descriptions of Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-14
(CAT) Catalog Subprogram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-15
(MASS_STOR) Mass Storage Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-18
(DUMP) Formatted Record Dump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-21
(INFO) Directory Information Subprogram ......................... 18-23
(CREATE) Create File Subprogram ............................... 18-25
(INITIALIZE) Extended Mass Storage Media Initialize. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-26
(VERIFY _LIF) Logical Interchange Format ........................ 18-27
(CBACKUP) Complete Disc Backup .............................. 18-28
(FBACKUP) Selective File Backup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-29
(TAPEBACKUP) CS/80 Tape Backup ............................ 18-30
(PHYREC) Physical Record CSUB ............................... 18-34
(LISTER) List Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-39
(82905DUMP) The 82905B Dump Graphics Subprogram ............. 18-42
(GDUMP _R) Rotated Graphics Dump ............................ 18-43
(BPLOT) Raster Store and Load ................................. 18-44
(LEX_AID) Creating a Lexical Order Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-47
The Status Utilities .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-51
(MEM_UTILS) Memory Utilities ................................. 18-52
(FONT _ED) Font Editor ........................................ 18-57
The Loader Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-62
Using the Loader Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18-64
Loader Error Messages .......................................... 18-70
Chapter 19: ITF Keyboards
BASIC ITF Keyboard Overlays .................................. " 19-2
Character Entry Keys .......................................... " 19-3
Cursor-Control Keys ............................................. 19-6
Table Of Contents xiii
Numeric Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19-7
Editing Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19-8
Program Control Keys ........................................... 19-10
System Control Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19-11
Softkeys and Soft key Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19-13
Chapter 20: HP 98203B/C Keyboards
Character Entry Keys ............................................ 20-2
Numeric Keypad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20-4
Cursor-Control Keys ............................................. 20-5
Editing Keys .................................................... 20-6
System Control Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 20-9
Softkeys ....................................................... 20-12
Program Control Keys ........................................... 20-13
Chapter 21: HP 98203A Keyboards
Character Entry Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21-2
Cursor-Control Keys ............................................. 21-4
Editing Keys .................................................... 21-5
System Control Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21-8
Softkeys ....................................................... 21-10
xiv Table Of Contents
Installing BASIC: Introduction
The "Installing" section of this manual consists of chapters which describe in detail the
steps for installing your BASIC system. The white card you received with the BASIC
discs and the READ :tvlE FIRST palnphlet will outline the necessary steps for loading
BASIC. This section will give you the details for both loading and installing your system.
The following is a summary of the steps covered in this section:
Summary of Installation Steps
Task/Topic Chapter
Set up your hardware (see the Peripheral Installation Guide) nla
1. Load BASIC (from flexible discs into memory) 1
2. Verify and label peripherals (optional) 2
3. Read about mass storage concepts (optional) 3
4. Prepare flexible disc (if you have only floppy disc drives) 4
5. Put BASIC on your hard disc (if you have a hard disc drive) 5
6. Put BASIC on your SRM system (if you have an SRM system) 6
7. Customize your system configuration 7
Loading BASIC 1
Before you can use the BASIC system, you will need to load it into memory from the
system discs. This process is virtually automatic, involving little more than inserting a
disc into a disc drive a... turning on the computer. "Loading'" and "booting" BASIC