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File No. S360-01 .
Form A22-6821-6!
.
Systems Reference Library
IBM System/360 Principles of Operation
This publication is the machine reference manual for
the IBM System/360. It provides a direct, comprehen-
sive description of the system structure; of the arith-
metic, logical, branching, status switching, and in-
put/output operations; and of the interruption system.
The reader is assumed to have a basic knowledge of
data processing systems and to have read the IBM
System/360 System Summary, Form A22-6810, which
describes the system briefly and discusses the input/
output devices available.
For information about the characteristics, functions,
and features of a specific System/360 model, use the
functiomiI characteristics manual for that model in
conjunction with the IBM System/360 Principles of
Operation. Descriptions of specific input/output de-
vices used with the System/360 appear in separate
publications. Publications that relate to the IBM Sys-
tem/360 Model 20 are described in the IBM Sys-
tem/360 ~lodel 20 Bibliography, Form A26-3565.
Other IBM Systems Reference Library publications
concerning the System/360 are identified and de-
scribed in the IBM System/360 Bibliography, Form
A22-6822.
SEVENTH EDITION
This is a reprint of Form A22-6821-5 incorporating changes released in the
following Technical Newsletter:
FORM NUMBER PAGES AFFECTED DATE
N22-0244 Contents, 11, 12, 13, 34, January 13, 1967
36,39,40,57-61, 71-75,
133-136, 136.1, 136.2,
150, 150.1, 150.2, 150.3,
161, 167, 168, Index.
Specifications contained herein are subject to change from time to time. Any
such change will be reported in subsequent revisions or Technical Newsletters.
Requests for copies of IBM publications should be made to your IBM repre-
sentative or to the IBM branch office serving your locality.
This manual has been prepared by the IBM Systems Development Division,
Product Publications, Dept. B98 PO Box 390, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 12602. A
form is provided at the back of this publication for reader's comments. If the
form has been removed comments may be sent to the above address.
Contents
IBM System/360 ............ .... ......... ................. ..... ..................... 5 Shift Right Single ................... ,................ ,........................... 33
General-Purpose Design .......................................................... 5 Shift Left Double ................................................................ 33
Compatibility .......................................................................... 5 Shift Right Double .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... ... .... .. .. ..................... ........ .. 34
System Program ...................................................................... 5 Fixed-Point Arithmetic Exceptions ........................................ 34
System Alerts ............................................................................. 6
Multisystem Operation ............................................................ 6
Input/Output .......................................................................... 6 Decimal Arithmetic ................................................................ 35
Technology .............................................................................. 6 Data Format ............................................................................ 35
Number Representation .......................................................... 35
Condition Code ..... ..... ........... .. .. ........................... .................. 36
System Structure................................................ ...................... 7 Instruction Format .................................................................. 36
Main Storage ............................................................................. 7 Instructions ...... .... .... .. .. ... .. ........ ......... ... .... .. ..... ... ............... ... ... 36
Information Formats ............................................................. 7 Add Decimal ...................................................................... 37
Addressing ............................................................................ 8 Subtract Decimal ................................................................ 37
Information Positioning ...................................................... 8 Zero and Add ...................................................................... 37
Central Processing Unit ................................... ....................... 8 Compare Decimal ................................................................ 38
General. Registers ................................................................ 9 Multiply Decimal................................................................ 38
Floating-Point Registers ....................................................... 9 Divide Decimal ............................................ ;............... ,..... 38
Arithmetic and Logical Unit ....................................... ........... 10 Pack ..................... ,................................................................ 39
Fixed-Point Arithmetic ........................................................ 10 Unpack ............................................................................ '... 39
Decimal Arithmetic .............................................................. 10 Move with Offset ............................................................... ,40
Floating-Point Arithmetic .................................................... 11 Decimal Arithmetic Exceptions .......................................... '... 40
Logical Operations .............................................................. 12
Program Execution .......................................... ,....................... 12
Instruction Format ..... ,.................. ,............................ ,.,.,.,.. 12 Floating-Point Arithmetic ............................................ .......... 41
Address Generation .................................... ,....................... 13 Data Format ............................................................................ 41
~~~~al~z~~g~e~~~~~~~~~ :::::~:::: ~~
Sequential Instruction Execution ...................................... 14
Branching ... " .... ,...... ,..... ,............................. ,............ ,.... ,..... 14 .. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: .
Program Status Word .......................................................... 15 Condition Code ................................. ;...................................... 42
Interruption .................................................. ,'...................... 15 Instruction Format .................................................................. 42
Protection Features .... ,...... ,.............................. ,....................... 17 Instructions .............................................................................. 43
Timer Feature ......................... ,........................ ,....................... 17 Load ...................................................................................... 44
Direct Control Feature .......................................................... 17 Load and Test ...................................................................... 44
Multisystem Operation .............. ,.............................. ,.............. 17 Load Complement .............................................................. 44
Input and Output .................................................................... 18 Load Positive ............. ......................................................... 44
Input/Output Devices and Control Units .......................... 18 Load Negative ...................................................................... 45
Input/Output Interface ...................................................... 18 Add Normalized .................................................................. 45
Channels ... ,... ,.......... ,............ ,..... ,....... ,................................ 18 Add Unnormalized ........................................................ 46
Input/Output Instructions .................................................. 19 Subtract Normalized ..................................................... 46
Input/Output Operation Initiation ........ ,................ ,....... ,., 19 Subtract Unnormalized ...................................................... 47
Input/Output Commands .................................................. 19 Compare .............................................................................. 47
Input/Output Termination ................................................ 20 Halve .................................................................................... 48
Input/Output Interruptions ...... ,..... ,.................... ,.,............ 20 Multiply .............................................................................. 48
System Control Panel .............................................................. 21 Divide ................................................................................. 49
System Control Panel Functions ........................................ 21 Store .................................................................................... 50
Operator Control Section .................................................. 22 Floating-Point Arithmetic Exceptions .................................... 50
Operator Intervention Section ............................................ 23
Customer Engineering Section ............ ,.............. ,...... ,......... 23
Logical Operations .................................................................. 51
Data Format ............................................................................ 51
Fi,xed-Point Arithmetic ......................................................... . 24 Condition Code ........................................................................ 52
Data Format ,...... ,., ...... ,........... ,.. ,., ......................................... . 24 Instruction Format .................................................................. 52
Number Representation ........... ,.. ,........................................ ,., 24 Instructions ... ...... .... ... ... .......... .. .. .. ..... ................ ............... .... ... 53
Condition Code ........... ,...... ,.................. ,.................. ,........ ,.. ,. 25 Move .................................................................................... 53
Instruction Format .. ,...... ,............................................. ,.. ,...... . 25 Move Numerics .................................................................. 54
Instructions .. ,..................... ,........................ ,. ,................. " ,.. ,. ,. 26 Move Zones .......................................................................... 54
Load ........ ,............. ,.,., .. ,...... ,.... ,..... ,., ....... ,., .......... ,............ ,., 26 Compare Logical ................................................................ 54
Load Halfword ........ ,......................................................... ,. 26 AND ...................................................................................... 55
Load and Test ........................ ,................................... ,.. ,.... ,. 26 OR ........................................................................................ 55
Load Complement ............. ,............. ,...... ,...... ,........... ,"., .. "., 27 Exclusive OR ...................................................................... 55
Load Positive ....................... ,....... ,..................................... . 27 Test Under Mask ................................................................ 56
t~:~ ~~1~i~r: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : : :
27 Insert Character .................................................................. 56
27 Store Character .................................................................... 56
Add ............... ,............. " ............ ,..................... ,....... ,., ......... , 28 Load Address ...................................................................... 56
Add Halfword ..................................................................... . 28 Translate .............................................................................. 57
Add Logical .......... ,... ,.... " ...... ,................ ,', ......... ,.,., ..... ,.... . 28 Translate and Test .............................................................. 57
Subtract ... ,........................... ,..... " .. ,.... ,................... ,........ ,... . 29 Edit ...................................................................................... 57
Subtract Halfword ............. ,.... ,................... ,.... ,., ........... ,... . 29 Edit and Mark ..................................................................... 59
Subtract Logical .. ,..... " ................ ,", ... ,....... ,.... ,................ . 29 Shift Left Single .................................................................. 59
Compare ................................. ,......... ,................................. . 30 Shift Right Single ................................................................ 60
Compare Halfword ............................................................. . 30 Shift Left Double .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ......... ... .. .. ... ...... ..... ... .. 60
~~m~}~ H~if~~~